Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami

Sifat Fisik, Kimia dan FTIR Spektrofotometri Gambut Hidrofobik Kalimantan Tengah

This research was completed using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Field surveys were executed in sugar cane plantation throughout South Sulawesi Indonesia. Land suitability analyses were performed using a parametric approach with Storie’s index equation followed up with correlation analysis using the Pearson correlation. Results revealed that the period for sugarcane crop growth in the humid tropic relatively dry regions of South Sulawesi Indonesia lasted for the months of November to July. The land suitability for sugar cane in the research location was moderately suitable (S2c) and marginally suitable (S3c, S3s, S3s,f and S3c,w) with limiting factors such as relative humidity during crop maturation phase, the duration of sunlight, soil depth, soil texture, soil pH and soil drainage. Land suitability index at the research location ranged from 25.2 to 55.0; sugar cane yields ranged from 30.3 to 62.0 Mg ha year. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between LSI with cane and sugar productivity were 0.81 and 0.84 respectively, signifying the strength of the correlation between the two values. This also indicates that land suitability index can be estimating the potential crop yield in the humid tropicsthat relatively dry climate regions.Field experiment with a split plot design has been carried out in order to assess the growth characteristics and yields, and effectiveness of MVA upland rice which were given potassium fertilizer in two growing seasons. MVA inoculation consisted of three treatments (without MVA, Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp.) while potassium fertilizer consisted of five levels (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50 kg ha-1 K). The results showed that plant growth variable which was inoculated by MVA at any levels of K fertilizer was higher in the dry season than that in the wet season, whereas the opposite occurred for net assimilation rate. Potassium content of leaf tissue, shoot/root ratio, and grain weight per hill was determined and mutually dependent on genus MVA, dosages of K fertilizer, and growing season. Harvest index and grain dry weight per hill were influenced by the growing season and the genus MVA but the effect did not depend on each other. At all dosages of K fertilizer and any MVA genera, Gigaspora sp. inoculation was better than that of Glomus sp. Dry weight of grains per hill was affected by the contribution of grain content per hill, weight of 1000 grains and number of productive seedlings per hill. The optimum dosage of K fertilizer in the dry season was 32.4 kg ha-1 K with grain yield 3.12 Mg ha-1 for inoculation of Gigaspora sp., whereas the optimum dosage in the wet season was 34.2 kg ha-1 K for the treatment Glomus sp. inoculation with Gigaspora sp. in the wet season did not reach dosages of optimum K fertilizer. Keywords: Harvest index, MVA, potassium fertilizer, upland rice [ How to Cite : Natawijaya D. 2012. Increasing Growth and Yield of Upland Rice by Application of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Potassium Fertilizer. J Trop Soils 17 (1): 53-60. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.1.53] [ Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.1.53 ]This study aimed to examine Organonitrofos Plus fertilizer (OP) on sweet corn (Zea mays Saccharata L.) and its effect on changes in soil chemical properties of Ultisols. Organonitrofos Plus fertilizer is an enhancement of Organonitrofos fertilizer enriched with microbes at the beginning of the manufacturing process. Research was conducted in the greenhouse of Integrated Agricultural Laboratory of Lampung University. Treatment applied was a factorial of 4 t 2 t 3 with three replications in a randomized block design. The first factor was the dose of OP fertilizer (0, 10, 20, 30 Mg ha-1), the second factor was the dose of inorganic fertilizers (without inorganic fertilizers, and with inorganic fertilizers, namely Urea 0.44, 0.28 SP-36 and KCl 0.16 Mg ha-1), and the third factor was the dose of biochar (0, 10, 20 Mg ha-1). By a single OP fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, and the interaction between the OP and the inorganic fertilizers increased the weight of dry stover, cob length, cob diameter, cob with husk and cob without husk of corn. OP fertilizers which are applied in Ultisols can improve soil fertility and increase corn production so that OP fertilizer can lessen the use of inorganic fertilizer and can be used as a substitute for inorganic fertilizer. RAE values were highest in treatment of O4K2B2 (30 Mg OP ha-1, with inorganic fertilizer, 10 Mg biochar ha-1) that was equal to 181%, followed by O2K2B3 (10 Mg OP ha-1, with inorganic fertilizer, 20 Mg biochar ha-1 ) with the difference in RAE value of 0.5%.[How to Cite: Dermiyati, SDn Utomo,n KF Hidayat, J Lumbanraja, S Triyono, H Ismono, NEn Ratna, NT Putri dan R Taisa. 2016. Pengujian Pupuk Organonitrofos Plus pada Jagung Manis (Zea mays Saccharata. L) dan Perubahan Sifat Kimia Tanah Ultisols. J Trop Soils 21: 9-17 Doi: 10. 10.5400/jts.2016.21.1.9][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10. 10.5400/jts.2016.21.1.9]Coco rind is a waste that if not used can cause environmental problem around the plantation. One way to utilize cocoa rind is by making it into compost which can be used as organic fertilizer. Different planting distance will affect on the number of plant population per unit area and will indirectly affect the absorption of nutrients, water and other growth factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the utilization of compost from cacao rind waste on the growth of Saccarum edule Hasskarl plant with different planting distance. The design used was to factor randomized block design with 2 replications, then there are 18 treatment combinations. In this research, the first factor of cacao rind composts comparison with cow manure consisted of three levels, they are: P1 = 50 kg; 10 kg; P2 =50 kg: 30 kg; P3 = 50 kg: 50. While the second factor uses the planting distance which consisted of three levels, they are: J1= 100 cm X 150 cm; J2= 100 cm X 100 cm; J3= 100 cm X 50 cm. Based on the research results, it shows that the best treatment of cocoa rind compost and cow manure, which affects on the number of buds is treatment P3 on 5 WAP, while the best used for the plants’ height is P2 on 3 WAP, and the best used for the leaves’ length is treatment P2 on 2 to 4 WAP.

Analysis of SOM and Soil Nutrients for Sustainable Agriculture in Hilly Areas: Central Part of Bogowonto Catchment, Java, Indonesia

Today, agriculture is not solely applied on plain areas but also has been expanded onto hilly areas. The understanding of SOM and soil nutrients is considered as a basis to achieve sustainable agriculture in hilly areas. The behavior of SOM and soil nutrients is very different between plain and hilly areas. The aims of this study are: (1) to analyze the specific behavior of SOM and soil nutrients in hilly areas, in order (2) to evaluate the effect of relief variation and of land uses towards those properties, and (3) to propose appropriate soil management practices in achieving sustainable agriculture in hilly areas. Field survey and laboratory analyses were conducted in this study. There were 11 soil sampling sites selected within four land use types in various relief. The results show that SOM and soil nutrients in cultivated land are lower than those in uncultivated land. There are significant differences of SOM and soil nutrient contents among the cultivated land. Mixed garden is proposed as the most appropriate land use applied in such study area, and thus it is applicable to gain the sustainable agriculture. With regards to relief variation, the intensive agricultural practices are required to be minimized, and the intercropping system is suggested for retarding the soil erosion problem.

Influence of Cow and Chicken Manure on Soil Fauna Abundance and N Uptake by Rice in Conversion from Conventional to Organic Farming System

This research aimed to determine the effects of cow manure and chicken manure on the abundance of soil fauna and N uptake by rice as well as determining the best dose of fertilizer for plant treatment in early conversion of conventional to organic farming. Soil sampling was done three times: before planting and in the vegetative and generative phases of the plant. The abundance of soil fauna observed were earthworms and nematodes (parasitic and nonparasitic), and soil respiration was also observed. Earthworm population abundance was observed with ring samples of PVC, parasitic and nonparasitic nematodes were observed with a modified Whitehead tray technique, and soil respiration was observed by measuring the CO2 in sealed bottles. Total soil N content was analyzed by the Kjeldahl method, available soil N was analyzed by the Cottenie method, and total N in plant tissue was analyzed by wet digestion with sulfuric acid and peroxide acid. The results of this research showed that cow manure and chicken manure significantly affected the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil, total soil N, abundance of worms, abundance of nonparasitic nematodes, soil respiration, N uptake by rice in the vegetative and generative phases, and rice production. The combination of the type and dose of fertilizer based on N uptake in the vegetative and generative phases, as well as plant height and the number of clumps, showed that treatment P3D3 (cow manure 5 t · ha−1 + chicken manure 5 t · ha−1) was optimal in the beginning of conversion from conventional to organic farming systems, with productivity reaching 2.04 t · ha−1.

Influences of Plant Residue Input in Two Coastal Land Uses on Soil Dissolved Base Cations

Coastal soils have typical properties for categorization as marginal land for plant growth. Addition of plant residue is expected to improve the conditions of coastal soils to support the growth of agricultural crops and is able to help dissolve the alkaline cations required by plants with organic acids produced by their decomposition process. This research aimed to establish the influence of agricultural plant residue input on dissolved base cations in two types of coastal land use. This research was conducted in a completely randomized design with types of plant residue as a factor. The types of land use in coastal areas consisted of home gardens and cropland. The types of input plant residue consisted of Sembung shrub (Sphaeranthus africanus. L), corn, paddy, and peanut. The treatment was repeated three times and observations were done twice: at 30 day and 90 day. Input of peanut residue into the cropland soil gave the greatest amount of soil dissolved calcium and magnesium during the incubation period of 30 day and provided the greatest amount of dissolved calcium in the incubation period of 90 day. Input of Sembung shrub into cropland soil gave the highest value for dissolved potassium in the incubation period of 30 day, while in the 90 day incubation period, Sembung shrub input provided the highest C:N ratio and soil dissolved potassium value.

The Influence of Lime and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Acidity, Growth and Nitrogen Uptake of Corn in Total Reclaimed Potential Acid Sulphate Soil

This study aims to determine the effect of lime and nitrogen fertilizer on soil acidities characters, growth and nitrogen uptake of corn in total reclaimed of potential acid sulphate soil. A pot experiment with a completely randomized design arranged in factorial with three replications was conducted in the Greenhouse of Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute (ISARI) from August 2014 to December 2015. The first factor was the rate of lime as dolomite: (i) 25 t ha-1, and (ii) 37.5 t ha-1. The second factor was the type of nitrogen fertilizer: (a) control (without N), (b) nitrogen 115 kg ha-1, (c) chicken manure 6 t ha-1 (the total N content is 1.98%) and (d) nitrogen 57.5 kg ha-1 + 3 t ha-1 chicken manure. Urea (N content is 39.76%) was used for fertilization. The observed variables were the soil acidities properties (pH, Electrical conductivity/EC, available-H, available-Al) before, after total reclamation, and at the maximum vegetative stage of corn, plant growth and uptake of shoot nitrogen. The results showed that the process of consecutively aeration-leaching of the potential acid sulphate soils able to increase the soil pH, declining the EC value, as well as availabe bases, available-H, available-Al and the content of pyrite. The application of dolomite increased soil pH, EC, and available-H, while available-Al decreased, its effect was more pronounced in higher rate. Application of dolomite 25 t ha-1 and 37.5 t ha-1 respectively increased soil pH from 3.29 to 4.36 and 4.87, EC from 0.70 mS cm-1 to 1.51 mS cm-1, available-H from 1.30 cmol(+) kg-1 to 2.68 cmol(+) kg-1 and 1.44 cmol(+) kg-1 and decreased available-Al from 14.04 cmol(+) kg-1 to 4.71 cmol(+) kg-1 and 2.66 cmol(+) kg-1. However, these rates was not able to neutralize the existing acidity due to the acidity still being produced out of remaining pyrite which was still in active stages. It was showed increasing pH soil followed by EC. The interaction between the application of dolomite and nitrogen fertilizer is significantly influenced plant height and shoot N uptake. The highest plant height and shoot N uptake were 112 cm and 267.69 mg plant-1 respectively, were obtained in application dolomite 25 t ha-1 combined with nitrogen 57.5 kg ha-1 plus chicken manure 3 t ha-1. The highest of averages shoot and root dry weight was 20.97 g and 6.40 g respectively which were obtained in the application of nitrogen 57.5 kg ha-1 + chicken manure 3 t ha-1.

STATUS VAKSINASI RABIES PADA ANJING DI KOTA MAKASSAR RABIES VACCINATION STATUS OF DOGS IN MAKASSAR

Telah dilakukan suatu analisis cakupan vaksinasi rabies pada anjing di kota Makassar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui cakupan vaksinasi anjing bertuan, serta asosiasi antara status vaksinasi dan faktorfaktor manajemen pemeliharaan anjing. Sebanyak 246 sampel anjing dipilih untuk mengetahui status vaksinasi rabies. Analisis status vaksinasi dan faktor pemeliharaan anjing dilakukan secara deskriptif. Uji Chi square (c2) dan odds ratio (OR) digunakan mengetahui asosiasi antara faktor-faktor yang diteliti dan status vaksinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cakupan vaksinasi pada anjing bertuan di kota Makassar sangat rendah (21 %). Rendahnya cakupan vaksinasi tersebut diperkirakan berhubungan dengan cara pemeliharaan (P=0,002; OR=4,3), tujuan pemeliharaan (P=0,009; OR=2,3), pengetahuan pemilik tentang rabies (P=0,001; OR=3,0), penghasilan di atas Rp 2.000.000,00 (p=0,000; OR=5,0), dan lokasi pemeliharaan urban area (P=O,OOOI; OR=4, 1). Kata kunci: Cakupanvaksinasi, rabies, faktor risiko