Sukardi

IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF BISCUIT PRODUCTION PROCESS THROUGH LEAN SIX-SIGMA AT PT XYZ

This research aims to analyze waste or loss using the 7-waste approach and value added/non value added activities in the production process at PT. XYZ. This research also aims to evaluate the production process capability and sigma values at PT. XYZ and used DMAIC technique (Define, Measure, Analysis, Improvement, and Control) from Lean Six-sigma with an analysis using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). The results of the research obtained the values of Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) of 47.29%, CTQ (Critical to Quality) and process capability value in the form of Cpm (Capability Index) for each process stage and yield. Line-5 has DPMO (Defects per Million Opportunities) value of 29,632,607 with a Sigma Score 3.39, and FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) analysis resulted in recommendations for improvement at each process stage.Keywords: process cycle efficiency, biscuit, lean six-sigma, CTQ, CpmABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis tingkat pemborosan (waste/loss) dengan menggunakan pendekatan 7 waste dan value added/non value added activity dalam proses produksi di PT. XYZ. Selanjutnya, melakukan evaluasi terhadap nilai kapabilitas proses produksi dan nilai sigma di PT. XYZ. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analysis, Improvement, and Control) dari Lean Six Sigma dengan Analisis menggunakan menggunakan alat Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Hasil Penelitian mendapati nilai Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) 47.29%, CTQ (Critical to Quality) dan nilai kapabilitas proses berupa Cpm (Capability Index) setiap tahapan proses dan Yield. Line-5 memiliki DPMO (Defects Per Million Opportunities) sebesar 29632.607 dengan Sigma Score 3.39 Sigma, analisis FMEA(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) menghasilkan rekomendasi perbaikan di setiap tahapan proses.Kata kunci: process cycle efficiency, biskuit, lean six sigma, CTQ, Cpm

Business Process Reengineering of Sustainable Teak Forest at Agroforestry Industry (pp 169-183)

This paper examines the relationship between family control and dividend policy in Indonesia. There are three possible explanations for the relationship. The expropriation hypothesis predicts that family control has a negative impact on dividend payouts. Meanwhile the reputation hypothesis and the family income hypothesis predict that family control has a positive impact on dividend payouts. Using a panel data of Indonesian publicly listed firms in the period of 2003-2009, the results shows that family control has a significant negative impact on dividend payouts, dividend yields and likelyhood to pay dividends. The results control for other variables that may potentially affect dividend payments such as growth opportunity, debt, profitability, firm size and firm age. From agency theory perspective, the finding is consistent with the argument that family controlling shareholders prefer lower dividends, in order to preserve cash flows that they can potentially expropriate (the expropriation hypothesis). Keywords: Family Control, Dividends, Agency Theory

Pemodelan optimasi mitigasi risiko rantai pasok produk/komoditas Jagung

Besides more complexes, the agricultural product supply chain also was probabilistic, dynamic and higher dependencies. This happened because of the agricultural product was easy broken, the process of planting, the growth and the harvesting depended the season, the yield had variety form and measurement, and the agricultural product was bulky so that the agricultural product was difficult to be handled. The height of the dependency level and the complexity from the supply chain network of the agricultural product made this chain to be more susceptible to the disturbance. The risk of failure for the supply chain could be happen internally (the relations between the organization and the network of the supplier) and externally (between the network of the supplier and its environment). Therefore, the needs for supply chain risk management to avoid a result that can continuously occur at any point in the supply network. The purpose of this study was to describe a model of evaluation and risk management supply chain of agricultural products. Model could identify risks of every level of supply chain and provide solutions that can be done to minimize them. The index value of risk on farm level was 26 % higher than the risk at the level of collector (8.78 %) and distributors (8.31 %). The model can optimize farmers’ planting schedules to reduce supply risk and price, while also optimizing the selection of suppliers at the level of collectors and distributors with the consideration of minimizing risk and optimizing profits. ABSTRAK Selain lebih kompleks, rantai pasok produk pertanian juga bersifat probabilistik, dinamis dan kebergantungan yang tinggi. Hal ini terjadi karena produk pertanian bersifat mudah rusak, proses penanaman, pertumbuhan dan pemanenan tergantung musim, hasil panen memiliki bentuk dan ukuran yang bervariasi, dan produk pertanian bersifat kamba sehingga produk pertanian sulit untuk ditangani. Tingginya tingkat kebergantungan dan kompleksitas dari jaringan rantai pasok produk pertanian menjadikan rantai pasok lebih rentan terhadap gangguan. Risiko ganguan rantai pasok dapat terjadi secara internal (relasi antara organisasi dengan jaringan pemasok) dan eksternal (antara jaringan pemasok dengan lingkungannya). Oleh karena itu perlu pengendalian risiko rantai pasok agar dapat menghindarkan akibat berkelanjutan yang dapat terjadi pada setiap titik dalam jaringan pasokan. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah menjelaskan suatu model evaluasi dan manajemen risiko rantai pasok produk pertanian. Hasil validasi model dapat mengidentifikasi risiko setiap tingkatan rantai pasok dan memberikan usulan tindakan yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalkan risikonya. Nilai indeks risiko pada tingkat petani sebesar 26 % yang lebih tinggi daripada risiko pada tingkat pengumpul (8,78 %) dan distributor (8,31 %). Model dapat mengoptimalkan jadwal tanam petani untuk mengurangi risiko pasokan dan harga, selain itu juga telah dimodelkan optimasi pemilihan pemasok pada tingkat pengumpul dan distributor dengan pertimbangan minimalisasi risiko dan optimalisasi keuntungan.