Syed Agil

Climate change issues and Malaysian initiatives

The purpose of this paper is to describe Malaysian climate change experiences, to highlight the lack of Malaysian initiatives in drafting a national policy on climate change, the structures, activities and national agenda of climate change issues. A description of possible climate change impacts on Malaysia, some facts and figures together with activities, structures and the national agenda are provided in this study. This study emphasises that sustainable long-term economic policy requires a workable framework for climate change and vulnerabilities that have not yet been covered in the national economy. Malaysia must visualise appropriate futures and frameworks on climate change issues, potential changes and national initiatives for planning strategies to reduce vulnerabilities. This study draws attention to the fact that Malaysia ranked 52 out of 57 in the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) in 2009. Malaysian climate protection performance still lags behind other countries in the region. This study evaluates and discusses current information about on-going policy preparations on climate change issues, and provides a critical review to improve Malaysian climate change-related initiatives.

Does organizational culture influence the ethical behavior in the pharmaceutical industry

Study of ethical behavior among medical representatives in the profession is an under-portrayed component that deserves further perusal in the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of organizational culture on ethical behavior of medical representatives. Medical representatives working for both domestic and multinational companies constitutes the sample (n=300). Data is collected using a simple random and cluster sampling through a structured questionnaire. The research design is hypothesis testing. It is a cross-sectional and correlational study, conducted under non-contrived settings. Chi-square tests were shows that there is an association between the organizational culture and ethical behavior of medical representatives. In addition, the strength of the association is measured which report to Cramer’s V of 63.1% and Phi Value of 2.749. Results indicate that multinational company medical reps are more ethical compared to domestic company medical representatives vast difference in both variance and in t test results. Through better organizational culture, pharmaceutical companies can create the most desirable behavior among their employees. Authors conclude that apart from organizational culture, the study of additional organizational, individual and external factors are imperative for better understanding of ethical behavior of medical representatives in the pharmaceutical industry in India.

Factors that influence Affective Commitment to teaching in Libya

The purpose of this study is to get an insight into the prevailing conditions of primary schools in Libya. Ayers (2010) has confirmed that there remains a gap in the current literature regarding specific attitudinal behaviours influencing organizational commitment across various levels of education. The educational sector in Libya today is in dire need of a revamp. This study aims to take an in-depth look into the obstacles that has resulted in a serious lack of commitment among teachers in Libyan schools. The focus of the study therefore will be on the examination of the role of job satisfaction among the teachers in determining the affective organizational commitment of the primary school teachers in Libya. A questionnaire was utilized used to collect the necessary data. Multiple regression techniques will be adopted to examine relationships among the independent and dependent variables. Results of the study suggest that most of the job satisfaction variables have statistical significant relationship with affective commitment among the primary school teachers in Libya. Keywords: Job Satisfaction factors, Affective organizational commitment, teachers, school in Libya.

The development of four-partite integration ethics scale

Drawing on other ethics scales which are grounded in virtue, deontology, utilitarianism and justice principles, we developed a four-partite integration ethics scale. Other ethics scales emphasized on people classification according to their beliefs based on criterion used to make ethical decision and the ethicality of decisions. We suggested that our four-partite integration ethics scale could provide a complimentary role in terms of rules to follow; utilitarianism endow with cost benefit analysis to bestow justice in dealing business with virtuous characters. The integration enables for the expansion of scope and understanding of ethical analyses in order to help business people to solve specific problems in specific situation and context in volatile business environment; in which widely open to constraints and complexities.

Marketing norm perception among medical representatives in Indian pharmaceutical industry.

Study of marketing norm perception among medical representatives is an under-portrayed component that deserves further perusal in the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this study is to find out the perception of marketing norms among medical representatives. The research design is quantitative and cross sectional study with medical representatives as unit of analysis. Data is collected from medical representatives (n=300) using a simple random and cluster sampling using a structured questionnaire. Results indicate that there is no difference in the perception of marketing norms among male and female medical representatives. But there is a difference in opinion among domestic and multinational company’s medical representatives. Educational back ground of medical representatives also shows the difference in opinion among medical representatives. Degree holders and multinational company medical representatives have high perception of marketing norms compare to their counterparts. The researchers strongly believe that mandatory training on marketing norms is beneficial in decision making process during the dilemmas in the sales field.