Tadashi Teranishi

Clearance Rate of Intravenously Administered Lipid Emulsion in Canine Endotoxemia

The effect of endotoxemia on the initial catabolism of intravenously given lipid emulsion was investigated in dogs. Two types of endotoxemia were prepared. One was produced by peritonitis which was established by ligation of the artery and vein of an isolated intestine (group 1, n = 6). The other was made by an intravenous injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg of body weight (group 2, n = 6). Group 1 showed evident peritonitis with a positive limulus test 48 hr after the procedure, but no significant changes of blood sugar level and lactate/pyruvate ratio, while group 2 demonstrated profound hypoglycemia, significant elevation of lactate/pyruvate ratio, and low arterial pressure 3 to 5 hr after the injection of lipopolysaccharide. The clearance rate of intravenously administered lipid emulsion (K value) of group 1 before the peritonitis was 0.0105 +/- 0.0017 and after the peritonitis it was 0.0105 +/- 0.0019. The difference was not significant, while the K value of group 2 which was 0.0133 +/- 0.0056 before the injection of lipopolysaccharide decreased significantly to 0.0069 +/- 0.0024 after the injection of lipopolysaccharide. These results suggest that, in case of endotoxemia with normally maintained oxidation-reduction potential, the initial catabolism of intravenously given lipid emulsion is kept in a normal level, while oxidation-reduction potential is impaired, it is inhibited.

Clearance rate of intravenously administered lipid in postoperative patients.

Elimination rate (K) of intravenously given triglyceride was studied in seventeen patients who underwent elective abdominal operations, and levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, insulin and blood sugar were simultaneously measured, as stress-indices. All these indices, except for the insulin/blood sugar ratio, increased post-operatively. The postoperative K value increased significantly in comparison with the preoperative value. There was no significant correlation between K value and any of the stress-indices. These results suggest that the initial catabolism of the lipid emulsion triglyceride is enhanced by surgical stress.

Effects of Exogenous Catecholamines on Glucose and Fat Metabolism and on Triglycerides in the Rat Liver during Total Parenteral Nutrition

An experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of a continuous infusion of catecholamines on glucose and fat metabolism as well as on nitrogen balance and the amount of triglycerides in the rat liver. The animals were nourished by total parenteral nutrition for 5 days and divided into six groups (n = 5 in each group) on the basis of nonprotein calories given with or without an infusion of catecholamines: group G received 100% of nonprotein calories with glucose, group F received 50% of nonprotein calories with glucose, and the remaining 50% with lipid emulsion, groups Epi-G and Epi-F received epinephrine (1 microgram/kg body weight/min) in addition to the same total parenteral nutrition solution as group G or F, and groups Nor-G and Nor-F received norepinephrine (1 microgram/kg/min) in a similar manner. Each group was administered the same number of total calories (252 cal/kg/day) and the same amount of nitrogen (1.49 g/kg/day). Nitrogen balance was better in group G than in group F. Under catecholamine infusion, there were no significant differences in nitrogen balance between groups Epi-G, Nor-G, Epi-F, and Nor-F, but this parameter improved significantly in group Nor-F in comparison to group F. Liver triglycerides was higher in groups Epi-G and Nor-G than in groups Epi-F and Nor-F. Liver triglycerides was directly related to the blood sugar level. These results indicate that nitrogen conservation is improved with lipid emulsion and that glucose rather than lipid plays a significant role in the genesis of fatty liver, when they are administered under catecholamine-induced stress.

Effects of hemodynamic changes induced by hyper- or hypothermia on intravenous lipid clearance rate and lipoprotein lipase activity in dogs

Hyper- and hypothermia was induced in dogs by peritoneal perfusion with warm or cold Lactate-Ringers solution, the objective being to alter cardiac output. Changes in cardiac index, intravenous lipid clearance rate (K-value), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, concomitantly with changes of the temperature of the mixed venous blood were investigated. The cardiac index increased significantly with the hyperthermia and there was a close correlation between the cardiac index and the K-value. The LPL activity did not change significantly with changes in blood temperature, and the correlation between the LPL activity and the K-value was not significant. The hemodynamics has to be considered when attempting to discuss the intravenous lipid clearance rate.

Effect of Serum Zinc Level on Amount of Collagen-Hydroxyproline in the Healing Gut during Total Parenteral Nutrition: An Experimental Study

Changes of serum zinc level in dogs receiving either a zinc-free solution or a zinc-supplement solution during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and the influence of variety of serum-zinc level on serum albumin and collagen-hydroxyproline (C-Hyp) in the incised intestine were investigated. The serum zinc level of zinc-free dogs that was 126.0 +/- 34.3 micrograms per deciliter at the initiation of TPN decreased significantly to 80.0 +/- 15.0 micrograms per deciliter during the one week of TPN, whereas that of zinc-supplement dogs did not decrease during the same period of TPN. Lowering of the serum albumin value was more evident in zinc-free dogs than in zinc-supplement dogs. The amount of C-Hyp in the incised area of the intestine of zinc-free dogs was 2.63 +/- 0.66 micrograms per milligram and that of zinc-supplement dogs was 4.26 +/- 1.04 micrograms per milligram and this difference was significant. It was found that serum zinc level during TPN sharply reflects a supplement of zinc, and C-Hyp in the incised gut and serum albumin of zinc-free dogs are lower than those of zinc-supplement dogs.

Nitrogen-sparing effect of lipid emulsion in septic dogs

Effects of intavenously administered lipid emulsion on the nitrogen balance in dogs with intraabdominal infection were investigated. The nitrogen balance in dogs supported by parenteral nutrition (PN) with glucose alone was superior to that in dogs supported by PN with glucose and lipid emulsion, in the absence of intraabdominal infection. On the other hand, the nitrogen balance in dogs supported by PN with glucose and lipid emulsion was superior to that with glucose alone, in the presence of intrabdominal infection. Dogs with intraabdominal infection had an insulin-resistance inability to effectively utilize glucose.

DNA ploidy, c-myc oncoprotein p62 and v-H-ras oncoprotein p21 in colorectal carcinoma

DNA ploidy and expression of the c-myc oncoprotein p62 and the v-H-ras oncoprotein p21 were examined in 54 colorectal carcinomas. DNA ploidy, determined by DNA flow cytometry, was diploid in 19 samples and aneuploid in 35. Expression of the p62 oncoprotein, determined by immunohistochemical staining, was intensely positive in 18 samples while that of the p21 oncoprotein, also determined by immunohistochemical staining, was positive in 29. There was no correlation between DNA ploidy and expression of the p62 oncoprotein, and DNA ploidy did not correlate with expression of the p21 oncoprotein. There was, however, a close correlation between expression of the p62 oncoprotein and that of the p21 oncoprotein being P<0.01 according to Peasons chisquare test.