Taiana Cestonaro

Desempenho de diferentes substratos na decomposição de carcaça de frango de corte

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of different substrates in the decomposition of broiler carcasses. Six containers of a compost maker were used each one measuring 0.80 m width, 1.20 m depth and 1.50 m height. The substrates were: pine aciculae, sugarcane bagasse, corn straw, peanut shells, grass and sawdust. The composting was accompanied by four periods. The pile of each container was made up of five layers, in which, five poultry carcasses were uniformly deposited in two layers. The tumbling of the piles was done every 10 days, with the purpose to provide aeration for the substrate and water was added to the same. After 30 days, the final tumbling was done. In the assembly piles and in the tumbling process the carcasses and the substrate were weighed separately. During the process, the monitored parameters were dry matter, ashes, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, pH, organic carbon and C/N ratio. All substrates were efficient in the decomposition of the broiler carcasses and final physiochemical composition values are in agreement with values in IN-25/Mapa, in other words, all of the substrates can be used as simple organic fertilizers.

Poultry carcass decomposition and physicochemical analysis of compounds in different Composter types

This study aimed to assess five composter types in poultry carcasses decomposition and to perform a physicochemical analysis of the compounds obtained. Composter types used were six-hole brick, wood, screen, windrow with three PVC pipes with six holes and windrow with three PVC pipes with 10 holes. Composting was followed by four periods using wood shaving like substrate with one bird carcass placed in each composter. Pile turning was performed every 10 days and temperature in each layer was measured on 1st, 7th, 14th, 19th and 29th day, at 3 p.m., as well as room temperature. Temperature during pile turning was also measured at five points per layer and carcass weighing performed to calculate decomposition percentage. Physicochemical parameters evaluated in substrates were moisture, ash, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, pH, organic carbon and C/N ratio, up to 30 days. Data were analyzed by repeated measures model, using MIXED method of SAS software. All values of final physicochemical composition of substrates were found according to values of IN-25, except nitrogen. The composter types were efficient in decomposition of poultry carcasses.

INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING IN THE OCCURRENCE OF DIARRHEA IN SWINE IN THE NURSERY PHASE IN SUMMER AND WINTER

This study the effect of artificial lighting on the sanitary condition of pigs during the nursery phase through the occurrence and duration of diarrhea in summer and winter were evaluated. For the analysis of the piglets with diarrhea, it was calculated the average number of days as well as the number of animals with diarrhea. These two variables were calculated for the first week and the total period of the experiment. Once a day the physical characteristics of the feces were observed by visual analysis, with the following criteria: hard consistency stool (0), normal (1), pasty (2) and aqueous (3). To facilitate the statistical analysis, scores 0 and 1 were considered as non-diarrheic feces and scores 2 and 3 were considered as diarrheic feces. For the number of days and the percentage of animals with diarrhea, only differences were found between the seasons. There was no influence of lighting programs on the incidence of diarrhea in piglets in the nursery phase.