Valéria Maria Nascimento Abreu

Avaliação de materiais alternativos em substituição à maravalha como cama de aviário

Aiming to evaluate alternative materials to be used as broiler litter reutilization, six consecutive lots of 5,600 female broilers were allocated to 35 pens. The treatments consisted of seven types of litter materials: wood shavings, rice husk, ground corncob, chopped camerongrass, chopped soybean straw, chopped corn stalk and sawdust, each one with five replications. In the birds, it was evaluated the average body weight, feed consumption and in the litter, it was evaluated the contents of N, Ca, P and pH. The presence of salmoella, the eimeria oocists counting in the litter, and the gut birds lesions score at slaughter were also observed. The use of alternative materials evaluated as litter, per six concecutive lots, as a alternative for wood shavings did no prejudice the performance of broilers. These materials, by presenting mineral values higher than wood shavings, after discarding, could be used as culture fertilizers.

Condições térmicas ambientais e desempenho de aves criadas em aviários com e sem o uso de forro

This experiment was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design, factorial arrangement 2x2, to evaluate the effect of period of year and type polyethylene liming on thermal and humidity of aviaries and performance of broiler. Four aviaries were divided in four boxes to house 200 chickens each. The recorded performance traits were body weight, weight gain feed intake, feed:weght gain ratio and mortality from hatch to 42 days of age. Better thermal conditions and higher chicken performance were observed in the polyethylene liming aviaries.

Characterization of phosphate structures in biochar from swine bones

The objective of this work was to develop an alternative methodology to study and characterize the phosphate crystalline properties, directly associated with solubility and plant availability, in biochar from swine bones. Some phosphate symmetry properties of pyrolyzed swine bones were established, using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, principal component analysis, and multivariate curve resolution analysis, on four pyrolyzed samples at different carbonization intensities. Increasing carbonization parameters (temperature or residence time) generates diverse phosphate structures, increasing their symmetry and decreasing the crossed polarizability of the pair 1H-31P, producing phosphates with, probably, lower solubility than the ones produced at lower carbonization intensity. Additionally, a new methodology is being developed to study and characterize phosphate crystalline properties directly associated with phosphate solubility and availability to plants.

Medidas morfológicas em função do peso e da idade da ave, por meio de imagens

ABSTRACT The study was carried out with the objectives to quantify the distribution of the superficial temperature ofthe body of the broiler, to determine the relationship of proportion of the rate of heat loss (HLR) and ofcooling (CR) in function of the weight and broiler age and to accomplish morphologic evaluations bymeans of image analysis. The ROSS 508 broilers of one day were weekly accompanied during 42 daysof age, distributed in two groups of 10 animals. Weekly, each broiler was weighed, photographed andthe temperature of each body part was observed. The data of the temperature of broiler´s body partswere appraised using PROC MIXED of the SAS. Both temperature measurements of the broiler partsshowed variability though not presenting a defined behavior with age. The rate of heat loss (HLR)increased with age and broiler weight. However, cooling rate (CR) was inversely proportional to thebroiler weight. The use of digital images to esteem the area, the weight and the morphologic measures infunction of the broiler age is viable and can be used in calculation of heat and mass transfer for climatizationsystems of poultry house and also for the development of equipments using vision computational.

Curtain color and lighting program in broiler production: I - general performance

The objective of the present study was to evaluate mortality and performance, darkling beetle population (Alphitobius diaperinus), light intensity, electrical energy consumption and economic efficiency of broilers reared under two lighting programs (nearly continuous or intermittent) and two curtain colors (yellow or blue). The experiment was conducted between June, 2004 and May, 2005. Six flocks were sequentially housed in four 12 × 10 m broiler houses divided into 4 pens with 200 birds each. Litter was reused six times or until flock 6. Body weight and feed conversion were determined on days 21, 35, and 42 of each flock. Mortality was recorded daily. Electrical energy consumption was recorded at the end of the grow-out of each flock (every 42 days). A completely randomized design in a 6 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (flocks, lighting programs, curtains) with four replicates per treatment was applied. Broilers reared in houses with yellow curtains and under nearly continuous lighting programs presented the best feed conversion ratio and the highest body weight. Nearly continuous lighting programs resulted in 1.48 times more sudden deaths and 1.34 times higher general mortality when compared with intermittent lighting programs. Electrical energy consumption was 2.12 times higher in nearly continuous lighting programs in relation to intermittent lighting programs. The presence of darkling beetles was higher in broiler houses with blue curtains and intermittent lighting program. The economic analysis showed the feasibility of using a mixed system, with intermittent light program in winter and spring and nearly continuous lighting program in the summer and autumn, both in broiler houses with yellow curtains.

Análise termográfica da temperatura superficial de telhas

The objective of study was to get thermographic images from the surface of roof tiles to evaluate their tempertures. The evaluated treatments were: T1 - grey Coppo Venneto wave tiles ; T3 -Ivory-colored Coppo Venneto wave tiles; T2 - Ivory- colored, plain tile; T4 - plain, grey roof tile; T5 - glazed clay colonial tile; T6 - Asbestos wave tile T7 - French clay tiles . Each treatment was made up of three tiles which were piled one top of the other, except for the asbestos tiles. The experimental design was in randomized block with three repetitions. The data which were collected in each set time were analyzed through the repetitive measure model, using the MIXED procedure - SAS. The temperatures of the inferior surface of the tiles were very similar throughout the day. The ivory colored tiles had better superior and inferior temperature than the grey-colored ones in their respective category. The glazed, clay colonial tile presented a larger temperature of inferior surface than the other tiles.

Avaliação de Coberturas de Cabanas de Maternidade em Sistema Intensivo de Suínos Criados ao Ar Livre (Siscal), no Verão

The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental thermal conditions of different maternity hut covering materials, in the summer period through the following treatments: 1) maternity hut with polystyrene fecula covering 2) maternity hut with isolation of aluminum covering 3) maternity hut with screen and grass covering 4) maternity hut with canvas and grass covering 5) outdoor environment 6) under shade a tree. The six treatments were arranged in a randomized split-plot design where the six treatments were in the plot with five schedules hours in the subplots and three replicates. Sow lactantes Landrace x Large White were alloted at random considering farrowing order. Relative Humidity Air (RH), Air Speed, and Environmental Temperature (Te) data were determined and Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI) and the Radiant Thermic Load (RTL) were calculated. The materials used as maternity hut covering improved the animal thermal comfort but they were not enough to assist ideal conditions for thermal comfort.

Comportamento suíno influenciado por dois modelos de maternidade

In this study two models of motherhood were evaluated. A model (MOD 1) consisted of two similar rooms, each room was made up of eight individual breed cells. The creep was of brick with wooden lid and floor heating by electrical resistance. The rooms of second model (MOD 2), consisted of 20 individual cells breeder, where only 16 were evaluated. The creep of wood was heated by 60 W incandescent lamp. The environmental conditions of the rooms and the interior of creep were assessed. The behavior of the piglets was assessed in the hall environment and creep. Generally, the more favorable environment for the piglets was in MOD 1 with the higher values of temperature and humidity within the comfort zone. The floor temperature of creep of MOD 2 was the one which provided the best results. The most observed behavior in the piglets was to stay inside the creep area and cluster of lying. The theme of this study needs further research, taking into account variables that may affect the temperature inside the creep area such as the material used in construction of shelter and heat exchange among the piglets.

Evaluation of litter material and ventilation systems in poultry production: I. overall performance

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the performance, mortality and the incidence of lesion on the foot-pad of broilers and litter enterobacteriaceae load in two ventilation systems and two litter materials. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m broiler houses, internally divided in 4 pens, with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each one with 42 days of duration and interval of 15 days of downtime between flocks. It was evaluated two ventilation systems (stationary and oscillating fans), and two litter materials (soybean straw and rice husks). Performance variables studied were body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality of birds at 21, 35, and 42 days of age. Flock mortality was daily recorded, and total mortality was used for analysis. Evaluation of lesions by using foot-pad macroscopic examination was performed in all birds at final weighing. It was also performed quantitative examinations of litter enterobacteria. Statistical analyses were performed by using the mixed model theory for repeated measures and logistical regression. Rice husks litter promoted the best performance of birds at all studied ages. Results did not permit to recommend a ventilation system inasmuch as both had similar performances. Soy straw litter causes a high incidence of foot-pad lesions. Enterobacteria occurrence is lower in reused litter.

Evaluation of litter material and ventilation systems on poultry production: II. thermal comfort

The objective of this study was to evaluate environmental thermal conditions in broiler houses with two different ventilation systems and two different litter materials. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m broiler houses, internally divided in 4 boxes/poultry house, with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each one with a duration of 42 days with 15 days of downtime between flocks. Treatments tested were two ventilation systems (stationary or oscillating fans), and two types of litter materials (soybean straw or rice husks). It was collected in the center of each pen and in the external enviroment, dry and wet bulb temperatures, black globe temperature, and air velocity. These data were collected at 3-hour intervals from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. at the fourth, fifth and sixth week age of the bird. Based on the data collected at each time, wet and globe temperature index (WBGT) and radiant heat load (RHL) were determined. Litter temperature reaings were also performed by using an infrared thermometer. Effects of flock, ventilation, week, hour and the interactions among factors on the studied variables were evaluated in the analysis of the internal thermal environment by using the theory of mixed models for repeated measures. Ventilation provided by stationary and oscilating fans had equal behavior and it did not affect the studied variable. However, both ventilation systems are sufficient to soften internal thermal conditions in the broiler house in relation to the external environment. Relative humidity of the air is higher when rice husks is used as litter material.