Tamotsu Miyoshi

In vitro adsorption removal of paraquat by activated carbon and cation exchange Resin

With the modernization of agriculture, environmental pollution and accidental poisoning by agricultural chemicals have become a great social problem. With the remarkable increase in the amount of paraquat used, the number of deaths by swallowing of paraquat has also increased in recent years. Presently, an effective antidote and treatment for paraquat poisoning is not available. For primary treatment, administration of an adsorbent is done at the same time as gastrointestinal lavage. As an adsorbent for paraquat poisoning, the efficacy of activated carbon, Fullers Earth, bentonite, and a cation exchange resin have been reported. In this work, the authors discuss the adsorption characteristics of paraquat in artificial gastric juice and normal saline solution.

Microscopic observations on tissue calcium distribution in the brown alga,Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar

The distribution of Ca2+ in thallus tissues of the brown algaUndaria pinnatifida was investigated by microspectro-photometric analysis after fixation with Carnoys reagent and staining with an alizarine sulfonate dye. Ca2+ accumulation in the young thallus was much higher in mucilage cells of the basal than the apical region; there was least in the pith of the basal region. A roughly uniform pattern was found in the stipe from the central part of the young thallus, while a highly irregular pattern occurred in both stipe and blade from the corresponding area of the mature thallus; the Ca2+ content was much lower than in the cortex, mucilage cells and vacuoles of the mature stipe than in the corresponding area of the young stipe. The contents of all regions of the mature blade were higher than those in the young blade; they were particularly high in mucilage cells.

Adsorption Removal of Benzalkonium Chloride by Granular Activated Carbon for Medical Waste Water Treatment

The adsorption removal of benzalkonium chloride disinfectant by granular activated carbon is discussed. The adsorption isotherm of benzalkonium chloride was expressed by the Freundlich equation. A significant correlation was found between the amount of benzalkonium chloride adsorbed in less than 1000 ppm of equilibrium concentration and the micropore volume of activated carbon. As for the adsorption rate, a change in intraparticle diffusiveness was found with increasing adsorption ratio. No significant correlation between the values of intraparticle diffusiveness and the properties of activated carbon was found. It was concluded that the micropore volume of activated carbon was the dominant factor in the adsorption removal of benzalkonium chloride by granular activated carbon.

Adsorption of indigo carmine by activated carbon

Abstract Adsorption of indigo carmine as an acid dye onto activated carbon was studied in order to elucidate its adsorption behavior on the basis of amount adsorbed, pore size distribution, pH and basicity of activated carbon, and pH of filtrate. Activated carbon No.1 and No.4 were the preferable adsorbents for removing indigo carmine in the range of higher and lower equilibrium concentration, respectively. An approximately linear relationship existed between the pore volume with radius of less than 200 A and the amount adsorbed.

Boric Acid Removal by Activated Carbon.

In search of a better primary treatment of acute boric acid poisoning, the adsorption capacity of boric acid onto activated carbon as an antidote was investigated in vitro.Wide differences in the amount of boric acid adsorbed were recognized depending on individual activated carbons. In order to elucidate the dominant factor in boric acid adsorption, correlations between the properties of activated carbon and the amounts of boric acid adsorbed are discussed. A significant correlation was recognized between the surface pH of activated carbon and the amount of boric acid adsorbed in low equilibrium concentration. It is assumed that the surface pH of activated carbon is a chief factor affecting the amount of boric acid adsorbed.

Study on the phenol removal for the security of water quality in rural areas.

For the security of water quality in rural areas, adsorption removal of phenol which is one of disinfectants for excretions by six kinds of commercial activated carbon was investigated.At equilibrium concentration of 1 and 10 ppm, activated carbon indicated pH 10.19 adsorbed phenol as much as 2.17 and 1.84 times compared with activated carbon indicated pH 3.06, respectively. At low equilibrium concentration of phenol, the amount adsorbed was significantly influenced by surface pH of activated carbon (p <0.05).These results suggest that the difference in amount of phenol adsorbed onto activated carbon is due to the interaction between phenol and surface oxygen groups on the adsorbent. Therefore, it is concluded that the activated carbon of which surface is basic suitable for the adsorption removal of phenol in the agricultural waste waters.

Nutritional evaluation of serum colloidal reactions. Especially Thymol turbidity test.

徳島県の農漁村の健康な中老年 (30-69才) の住民287名 (男性96名, 女性191名) を対象に, 摂取栄養素量と肝機能検査で用いられている血清こう質反応の一つであるTTTと関係について疫学的な調査を実施し, 以下の結果を得た。対象集団の栄養状態は, 熱量, 蛋白質, 脂質, 糖質の摂取量は比較的良好な集団である。TTT値は女性は男性に比べていて有意に高い。又男女ともに加令に伴って上昇する傾向を認めた。男性では, 中年層において糖質, 熱量, 植物性蛋白質, 老年層において動物性脂質, 熱量と有意な関係を認めた。女性では, 中年層において重相関係数は, 統計的に有意でなかった。しかし, 老年層においては, 動物性蛋白質, 植物性脂質と関連性が認められ, TTT値が, 肝機能検査の指標ぼかりでなく, 摂取栄養量と深く関係していることが認められた。

Study on the serum enzyme activity and nutrient intakes. Application of canonical correlation analysis.

The purpose of this study is to make clear a comprehensive relationship between two groups of serum enzyme activity and nutrient intakes. The first group of measurement include serum GOT, GPT, ALP activity and the second group of measurements include protein, fat, carbohydorate, vitamin A, B1, B2, C, animal protein, animal fat, age, and weight.These figures are taken from the epidemiological survey of Tokushima prefecture, including 252 males and 383 females, investigated from 1975 to 1980.Appling the canonical correlation analysis, we found the following results.1) In male, only two canonical correlations were statistically significant. The serum GOT and GPT activity related to body weight, further serum GOT activity was effected quality of food intakes.2) In Female, three canonical correlations were statistically significant. Both serum GOT and GPT activity related to protein intakes. High correlations were observed between serum GOT activty and vitamin B1, between serum GPT activity and vitamin C, between serum ALP activity and age.

Micro-determination of Saccharin in Urine by Gaschromatography and Its Excretion in Man

尿中サッカリンの極微量を定量するために炎光光度型ガスクロマトグラフ (FPD) による新定法量を確立し, これを用いてヒトにおけるサッカリンの尿中排泄について検討した。本法のサッカリンの検出感度は0.5ngであった。1) 男女おのおの3名ずつにサッカリン50mgを1回投与後尿中への排泄量を測定したところ, 投与後1時間より急速に始まり, 5～7時間で最高となりそれ以後で下向傾向を示した。2) サッカリンの排泄率は投与後6時間で約60%, 12時間で約90%であった。しかし投与量の約5%は12時間より92時間にわたり徐々に少量ずつ排泄された。3) 正常人の尿中サッカリン排泄量を1974, 1978年の両年に同一人10名の8時間尿を測定したところ1974年度測定では0.6～313μg (平均84μg), 1978年度測定では19～5963μg (平均1737μg) とFAO/WHOのADI 5mg/kg/dayをこえて検出されたものはいなかった。4) 1974, 1978年度の両年を通して正常人の尿中サッカリン (8時間) の排泄量は最低0.6μg, 最高5,963μgにわたり, 変動の差は最低者の約1万倍であった。また1978年度測定者の尿中サッカリンの排泄量は1974年測定時の20倍に及んだ。5) 糖尿病患者の尿中サッカリン排泄量を1979, 1980年の両年に測定したところ, 入院患者は食事療法がいきとどきサッカリンの尿中排泄量は著しく少なかった。しかし外来患者は甘味剤としてサッカリンを使用した食品摂取がされて尿中への排泄量は平均7725.8μg/8時間であり正常者の1978年度測定時の4.4倍となっていた。