Tarciso S. Filgueiras

A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)

Based on recent molecular and morphological studies we present a modern worldwide phylogenetic classification of the ± 12074 grasses and place the 771 grass genera into 12 subfamilies (Anomochlooideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, Bambusoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, Micraioideae, Oryzoideae, Panicoideae, Pharoideae, Puelioideae, and Pooideae), 6 supertribes (Andropogonodae, Arundinarodae, Bambusodae, Panicodae, Poodae, Triticodae), 51 tribes (Ampelodesmeae, Andropogoneae, Anomochloeae, Aristideae, Arundinarieae, Arundineae, Arundinelleae, Atractocarpeae, Bambuseae, Brachyelytreae, Brachypodieae, Bromeae, Brylkinieae, Centotheceae, Centropodieae, Chasmanthieae, Cynodonteae, Cyperochloeae, Danthonieae, Diarrheneae, Ehrharteae, Eragrostideae, Eriachneae, Guaduellieae, Gynerieae, Hubbardieae, Isachneae, Littledaleeae, Lygeeae, Meliceae, Micraireae, Molinieae, Nardeae, Olyreae, Oryzeae, Paniceae, Paspaleae, Phaenospermateae, Phareae, Phyllorachideae, Poeae, Steyermarkochloeae, Stipeae, Streptochaeteae, Streptogyneae, Thysanolaeneae, Triraphideae, Tristachyideae, Triticeae, Zeugiteae, and Zoysieae), and 80 subtribes (Aeluropodinae, Agrostidinae, Airinae, Ammochloinae, Andropogoninae, Anthephorinae, Anthistiriinae, Anthoxanthinae, Arthraxoninae, Arthropogoninae, Arthrostylidiinae, Arundinariinae, Aveninae, Bambusinae, Boivinellinae, Boutelouinae, Brizinae, Buergersiochloinae, Calothecinae, Cenchrinae, Chionachninae, Chusqueinae, Coicinae, Coleanthinae, Cotteinae, Cteniinae, Cynosurinae, Dactylidinae, Dichantheliinae, Dimeriinae, Duthieinae, Eleusininae, Eragrostidinae, Farragininae, Germainiinae, Gouiniinae, Guaduinae, Gymnopogoninae, Hickeliinae, Hilariinae, Holcinae, Hordeinae, Ischaeminae, Loliinae, Melinidinae, Melocanninae, Miliinae, Monanthochloinae, Muhlenbergiinae, Neurachninae, Olyrinae, Orcuttiinae, Oryzinae, Otachyriinae, Panicinae, Pappophorinae, Parapholiinae, Parianinae, Paspalinae, Perotidinae, Phalaridinae, Poinae, Racemobambosinae, Rottboelliinae, Saccharinae, Scleropogoninae, Scolochloinae, Sesleriinae, Sorghinae, Sporobolinae, Torreyochloinae, Traginae, Trichoneurinae, Triodiinae, Tripogoninae, Tripsacinae, Triticinae, Unioliinae, Zizaniinae, and Zoysiinae). In addition, we include a radial tree illustrating the hierarchical relationships among the subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. We use the subfamilial name, Oryzoideae, over Ehrhartoideae because the latter was initially published as a misplaced rank, and we circumscribe Molinieae to include 13 Arundinoideae genera. The subtribe Calothecinae is newly described and the tribe Littledaleeae is new at that rank.

Paspalum longiaristatum (Poaceae: Paniceae), a new serpentine endemic from Goias, Brazil, and the first awned species in the genus

Paspalum longiaristatum of subgenus Ceresia is described and illustrated. It is the first known awned species in the genus and the first known annual species in the subgenus.

Canastra, a new genus of Paniceae (Poaceae, Panicoideae) segregated from Arthropogon

Based on morphological, anatomical, and molecular evidence, the Brazilian endemic grass Arthropogon lanceolatus is reclassified in the newly described, monotypic genus Canastra. Canastra lanceolata is illustrated, and the genus is compared with the putatively related taxa in the Paniceae: Altoparadisium, Achlaena, Homolepis, Streptostachys, Panicum sects. Laxa, Lorea, and Prionitia, and Cliffordiochloa.

Paspalum burmanii lPoaceaec Paniceaerc a new species from Central Brazil

Paspalum burmanii, native to central Brazil, is described as a new species in subgenus Ceresia. The new species is morphologically related to P humboldtianum Fltigge, P buchtienii Hackel, and R phyllorachys Hackel by features of its inflorescences, spikelets, and upper anthecium texture and ornamentation. The new species is illustrated and compared with several putatively related taxa. A key to all related species is provided.

Paspalum morichalense (Poaceae: Paniceae), a New Aquatic Species from South America

Paspalum morichalense is describedl illustrated, and compared to related species of the group Dissecta. It occurs in Venezuela, Surinam, Brazil, and Bolivia. Its confusion with Paspalum commutatum Nees and Paspalum lacustre Chase ex Swallen is discussed.