Tatiane Teles Albernaz

Fotossensibilização em ovinos associada à ingestão de Brachiaria brizantha no estado do Pará

Two outbreaks of photosensitization by Brachiaria brizantha were studied and an experiment was performed in Santa Ines and Dorper crossbred sheep, two to three months old, on a farm in Santa Luzia do Para municipality. These animals were kept from birth until about two months of age in a suspended stall floor, fed purple elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. purple), and had minerals and water ad libitum. After this period they were placed into a paddock of B. brizantha. At the time of the outbreaks and the experimental studies, the farm was visited for epidemiological assessment and clinical examination of the sheep, collection of blood samples for measurement of gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, urea, and creatinine. Pasture samples were collected for saponin determination and count of Pithomyces chartarum spores. Necropsies with collection of material for histopathological studies were performed. Outbreak 1 occurred at the time of low rainfall, when the grass was scarce and mature, and morbidity and lethality was 43.4% and 81.6%, respectively. Outbreak 2 occurred at the beginning of the rainy season, with morbidity and lethality rates of 16.3% and 76.9%, respectively. From the 50 animals in the experiment, 10 received three times 200ml of rumen fluid taken from mother sheep of the same batch. The first of these administrations was given one day before the sheep were introduced into the pasture and the other two at weekly intervals. After 15 days in the pasture, the animals were unquiet, looked for shade, had edema of the ears, yellowish mucosae, were apathic, had anorexia and showed sloughing of the skin followed by crusting in some areas of the body. Both, the sheep of the outbreaks as those from the experiment, showed increased levels of GGT, AST, BD, BI, BT, urea and creatinine. In sheep which received ruminal fluid the values of urea and GGT were similar to those which did not receive the ruminal fluid. The creatinine, AST and bilirrubine values were lower in sheep that received the ruminal fluid. Two types of saponins, methylprotodioscin and protodioscin, were detected in the samples of B. brizantha from the outbreaks and the experiment. The level of saponins in Outbreak 1 and 2 was 0.92% and 0.88% respectively. The levels of saponins in the experiment ranged from 1.13% to 1.62%. The numbers of spores of Pithomyces chartarum in both outbreaks and in the experiment were negligible. At necropsy there was widespread jaundice, the liver was brown-yellow with marked lobular pattern and increased consistency and the kidneys were enlarged yellowish-green. Histological changes occurred mainly in the liver and consisted of mild proliferation of bile ducts in portal tracts, presence of binucleate hepatocytes, foamy macrophages, necrosis of isolated hepatocytes, cholangitis, presence of crystals in hepatocytes and macrophages.

Afecções podais em vacas da bacia leiteira de Rondon do Pará

Foot diseases are some of the main causes of low performance in dairy cows. In order to determine the prevalence, clinical classification and to establish the epidemio-logical factors of foot diseases in cows from basin milk of Rondon do Para, 1,236 cows were evaluated and 275 had at least one type of foot injury. A total of 655 lesions was showed which a prevalence of 22.25%. Most frequent lesions were interdigital hyperplasia (80.92%), claw overgrowth (6.42%), and interdigital necrobacillosis (6.11%). Hind limbs were most frequently affected (61.83%), and lesions affecting the interdigital space were the most common in both the thoracic (36.34%) and hind limbs (48.09%). Epidemiological study showed that the environmental characteristics such as mountainous areas, newly formed grassland (with trunks and branches of trees), irregular ground, and mud and gravel in the floor of the pens may promote the development of foot lesions. In 95.5% of the farms, no measures had been taken for the control and prophylaxis of foot diseases. The specific clinical examination of the feet was efficient for the diagnosis.

Dermatite alérgica à picada de insetos em ovinos no estado do Pará

A skin disease was studied in 159 sheep on 15 farms located in seven counties of northeastern and southeastern of the state of Para and in one farm in the state of Roraima, Brazil. The disease affected mainly two to four year-old sheep of the Santa Ines breed and crossbreds. Clinical signs were characterized by alopecia, multifocal erythema, small papules, and crusts in several areas of the body, mainly around the eyes. Severe itching in the affected areas, restless, weight loss and lacrimation were also observed. Insects were always seen around the animals. Insects apparently associated with the lesions were captured and identified as pertaining to the genera Simulium and Hippelates. Biopsies of the skin lesions of 10 sheep revealed inflammatory non suppurative mononuclear infiltrates of the dermis with presence of eosinophils. The epidemiologic, clinical and pathological studies of the cases allowed the diagnosis of allergic dermatitis due to the insect bites.

Queilite angular traumática em eqüinos associada à ingestão de Panicum maximum

Uma condicao com aumento da fenda bucal de equinos por lesao na comissura labial foi estudada. Este aumento tinha extensao variavel e era uni ou bilateral. Na mucosa da bochecha da comissura labial exposta havia pequenas erosoes. Durante a mastigacao havia perda de pequena quantidade de capim e saliva pela fenda bucal aumentada. Os animais apresentavam bom estado nutricional. O exame histopatologico de tecido retirado da comissura labial revelou epidermite superficial. Nas quatro propriedades onde se verificou o problema, constatou-se que os equinos eram mantidos em sistema extensivo de criacao em pastagem de Panicum maximum (variedades Tanzânia, Mombaca, Tobiata e Coloniao), com folhas maduras, altas, lignificadas e de bordos cortantes. De acordo com os dados epidemiologicos, com os achados clinicos e histopatologicos, conclui-se que essas lesoes foram causadas pela acao cortante das folhas de Panicum maximum, associada a forma de apreensao da pastagem alta e mastigacao pelos equinos.

Surto de tétano em búfalos (Buballus bubalis) no Estado do Pará

Descreve-se um surto de tetano em bufalos da raca Murrah em uma propriedade situada no municipio de Sao Caetano de Odivelas, localizado na regiao metropolitana de Belem, estado do Para. Do rebanho de 250 bubalinos, 80 animais foram vacinados contra raiva por via intramuscular na regiao da garupa. Em um periodo de 15 a 19 dias apos a vacinacao quatro animais adoeceram, um morreu com dois dias de evolucao, um foi eutanasiado in extremis no setimo dia apos o inicio dos sinais clinicos e os demais se recuperaram apos tratamento. Nos bubalinos, o primeiro sinal clinico observado foi o prolapso da terceira palpebra, em especial quando o animal era estimulado, seguido por andar rigido, manifestado por dificuldade de flexao dos membros e permanencia em decubito lateral com os membros estendidos, palpebras muito abertas, sialorreia, hiperexcitabilidade, orelhas eretas, leve trismo e acumulo de alimento na cavidade oral. A necropsia foi evidenciada uma area de coloracao amarelada com presenca de exsudacao purulenta na musculatura da regiao da garupa, local de aplicacao da vacina. Ao exame histopatologico nao foram evidenciadas alteracoes significativas. Em dois animais foi realizado tratamento com penicilina por via intramuscular e soro antitetânico por via intramuscular e sub-aracnoide; apos duas semanas esses animais se recuperaram. Diante do quadro clinico, dos dados epidemiologicos e da ausencia de lesoes histologicas foi feito o diagnostico de tetano. Concluiu-se que o tetano e uma doenca a ser considerada na bubalinocultura no Brasil. A infeccao, provavelmente ocorreu durante o procedimento de vacinacao, atraves injecoes intramusculares utilizando agulhas contaminadas.

Lesões de pele causadas pelos espinhos de Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae) nos membros de bovinos e ovinos no estado do Pará

A condition of cattle and sheep characterized by ulcerous and granulomatous skin lesions of the legs was studied. Epidemiological data and the nature of the lesions indicate that they are caused by the thorns of Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae). The disease was observed only in pastures largely infested by the plant, and animals recover quickly when moved from them.

Intoxicação natural por Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) em búfalos na Ilha de Marajó, Pará

Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiologicos e os sinais clinicos dos primeiros casos de intoxicacao natural por Ipomoea asarifolia em bufalos. A doenca foi diagnosticada em quatro bubalinos de tres diferentes propriedades, no municipio de Cachoeira do Arari, Ilha de Marajo, PA, e ocorreu nos meses de novembro e dezembro, o periodo mais seco do ano nesta regiao e de escassez de alimento. Os sinais clinicos observados foram relacionados ao sistema nervoso central, como andar tropego, hipermetria, acentuados tremores musculares, queda ao solo em posicoes incomuns, nistagmo e marcada excitacao, sinais que se agravavam apos movimentacao. Baseado nos aspectos epidemiologicos, sinais clinicos e na ausencia de leoes histopatologicas, concluiu se tratar de intoxicacao por Ipomoea asarifolia.

Dermatite por lambedura em bovinos no estado do Pará

A condition of 13 cattle from 10 farms in six districts in the state of Para, Brazil, characterized by ulcerative skin wounds was studied. The lesions were observed in regions of the body to which the cattle had access with their own tongue; the animals licked the wounds frequently. Epidemiological studies, pathological findings and the differential diagnosis indicate that the dermatitis is caused by licking. The wounds healed after restraining the head of the animals that then were unable to lick themselves.

Fatal bothropic snakebite in a horse: a case report

The present study reports a snakebite in a horse in the state of Para, Brazil. At initial evaluation the animal was reluctant to walk and had tachycardia, tachypnea, severe lameness, bleeding on the pastern and swelling around the left hind leg. Blood samples from the bleeding sites, took on the first day, showed leukocytosis and neutrophilia, whereas biochemical values of urea and creatinine were significantly increased. The chosen treatment was snake antivenom, fluid therapy, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents and diuretic drugs. On the fourth day of therapy, the hematological values were within normal parameters. There was improvement related to the clinical lameness and swelling of the limb. However, a decrease in water intake and oliguria were observed. On the seventh day the animal died. Necropsy revealed areas of hemorrhagic edema in the left hind limb and ventral abdomen; the kidneys presented equimosis in the capsule, and when cut they were wet. Moreover, the cortex was pale, slightly yellow and the medullary striae had the same aspect. Based on these data, we concluded that the snakebite in the present study was caused by Bothrops spp. and that renal failure contributed to death.