Alessandra dos Santos Belo Reis

Fotossensibilização em ovinos associada à ingestão de Brachiaria brizantha no estado do Pará

Two outbreaks of photosensitization by Brachiaria brizantha were studied and an experiment was performed in Santa Ines and Dorper crossbred sheep, two to three months old, on a farm in Santa Luzia do Para municipality. These animals were kept from birth until about two months of age in a suspended stall floor, fed purple elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. purple), and had minerals and water ad libitum. After this period they were placed into a paddock of B. brizantha. At the time of the outbreaks and the experimental studies, the farm was visited for epidemiological assessment and clinical examination of the sheep, collection of blood samples for measurement of gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, urea, and creatinine. Pasture samples were collected for saponin determination and count of Pithomyces chartarum spores. Necropsies with collection of material for histopathological studies were performed. Outbreak 1 occurred at the time of low rainfall, when the grass was scarce and mature, and morbidity and lethality was 43.4% and 81.6%, respectively. Outbreak 2 occurred at the beginning of the rainy season, with morbidity and lethality rates of 16.3% and 76.9%, respectively. From the 50 animals in the experiment, 10 received three times 200ml of rumen fluid taken from mother sheep of the same batch. The first of these administrations was given one day before the sheep were introduced into the pasture and the other two at weekly intervals. After 15 days in the pasture, the animals were unquiet, looked for shade, had edema of the ears, yellowish mucosae, were apathic, had anorexia and showed sloughing of the skin followed by crusting in some areas of the body. Both, the sheep of the outbreaks as those from the experiment, showed increased levels of GGT, AST, BD, BI, BT, urea and creatinine. In sheep which received ruminal fluid the values of urea and GGT were similar to those which did not receive the ruminal fluid. The creatinine, AST and bilirrubine values were lower in sheep that received the ruminal fluid. Two types of saponins, methylprotodioscin and protodioscin, were detected in the samples of B. brizantha from the outbreaks and the experiment. The level of saponins in Outbreak 1 and 2 was 0.92% and 0.88% respectively. The levels of saponins in the experiment ranged from 1.13% to 1.62%. The numbers of spores of Pithomyces chartarum in both outbreaks and in the experiment were negligible. At necropsy there was widespread jaundice, the liver was brown-yellow with marked lobular pattern and increased consistency and the kidneys were enlarged yellowish-green. Histological changes occurred mainly in the liver and consisted of mild proliferation of bile ducts in portal tracts, presence of binucleate hepatocytes, foamy macrophages, necrosis of isolated hepatocytes, cholangitis, presence of crystals in hepatocytes and macrophages.

Carcinoma de células escamosas perineal em cabras no Pará

Squamous cell carcinoma in goats of two farms in the State of Para is described. Prevalence, correlation with the pigmentation of the perineal area and macro and microscopic characteristics of the lesions were studied. The tumors on the perineum were of varied development degrees, diameters and forms. On one farm, in the county of Viseu, from a total of 347 goats, 20 presented the neoplasia (5.8%). On the second farm, in the county of Garrafao do Norte, three cases of squamous cell carcinoma in a herd of 400 goats (0.75%) were observed. The tumor was only observed in animals in which the perineal area was despigmented. The high incidence of this tumor appears to be due to lack of pigmentation at the perineo and the high and short tail of the goats, that exposes the area to intense ultraviolet radiation in the tropics.

Surto de encefalomielite equina Leste na Ilha de Marajó, Pará

Nove casos de encefalomielite equina foram estudados na Ilha de Marajo, estado do Para, Brasil. Os equinos apresentavam dificuldade em se manter em estacao, andavam em circulo, tinham acentuada depressao, palpebras cerradas, paralisia da lingua, tremores musculares, bruxismo, anorexia e desidratacao. Alguns apresentavam diminuicao dos reflexos auricular, palpebral, de ameaca, diminuicao do tonus da lingua e taquicardia. Posicao de auto-auscultacao foi observada com frequencia. Os animais muitas vezes eram encontrados apoiados em troncos e cercas para se manterem em estacao. A necropsia verificou-se hemorragia das leptomeninges e da medula, alguns apresentaram ainda aderencia das leptomeninges. A histopatologia verificou-se encefalite difusa que afetava principalmente a substância cinzenta, com meningite e coroidite. Foi observada perivasculite mononuclear. Em dois equinos identificou-se o virus da encefalomielite equina Leste pela reacao de Semi-Nested transcricao reversa de polimerase em cadeia (Semi-Nested RT-PCR).

Detecção de Brucella abortus em linfonodos de búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) em diferentes fases da gestação

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a presenca do DNA de Brucella abortus e caracterizar as lesoes causadas por esse agente em linfonodos de bufalas. Foram utilizadas 19 bufalas em diversos estagios de gestacao, sorologicamente positivas para brucelose, submetidas ao abate sanitario, das quais se coletou fragmentos de diversos linfonodos. A idade fetal foi determinada atraves de exames ultrassonograficos associados a mensuracao dos fetos durante a necropsia. Amostras foram coletadas e submetidas a qPCR e histopatologia. A deteccao de DNA de B. abortus nos linfonodos das bufalas avaliadas foi verificada a partir do quarto mes de gestacao em sete bufalas e em uma bufala pos-paricao. Os achados histologicos foram linfadenite aguda a cronica. A presenca de DNA de B. abortus foi detectada em todos os grupos de linfonodos avaliados, sendo que os linfonodos mais acometidos foram os mamarios.

Aspectos clínico-patológicos do envenenamento botrópico experimental em equinos

The clinical and pathological alterations in horses, experimentally inoculated with Bothropoides jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops moojeni and Bothropoides neuwiedi poisons, were studied with the purpose to supply subsidies for the diagnosis of the poisoning. The liofilized poisons were diluted in 1ml of physiologic solution and subcutaneously administered to six horses, at doses of 0.5 and 1mg/kg (B. jararaca), 0.8 and 1.6mg/kg (B. jararacussu), 0.205mg/kg (B. moojeni) and 1mg/kg (B. neuwiedi). All horses, less those that received the poison of B. jararacussu, died The clinical signs began between 8min and 2h10min after the inoculation. The clinical course varied, in the four cases of lethal exit, from 24h41min to 70h41min, and was 16 days in the two horses that recovered,. The clinical picture, independent of the poison type and doses, was characterized by tumefaction at the site of inoculation, dragging on the ground with the hooves of the inoculated leg, inquietude, apathy, decrease of reaction to external stimuli, pale mucous membranes and hemorrhages. Laboratory exams revealed normocytic normochromic anemia with progressive decrease in the number of erythrocytes, of hemoglobin and of the hematocrit, and leucocytosis due to neutrophilia. There was increase of alamina aminotransferase, creatinaquinase, lactic dehydrogenase, ureia and glucose, as well increase of the time of activation of protrombin and partial tromboplastina. At postmortem examination, the main findings were extensive hemorrhagic areas in the subcutaneous tissue, with the presence of non-coagulated blood, to a large degree associataed with edema (hemorragic edema), which extended from the inoculation site of the venom to the cervical, thoraxic and scapular region, and to the leg. In the periphery of the hemorragic areas existed gelatinous edema. There were great amounts of sanguinary liquid in the thoracic, pericardic and abdominal cavities. No significant histological alterations were found.

Lesões de pele causadas pelos espinhos de Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae) nos membros de bovinos e ovinos no estado do Pará

A condition of cattle and sheep characterized by ulcerous and granulomatous skin lesions of the legs was studied. Epidemiological data and the nature of the lesions indicate that they are caused by the thorns of Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae). The disease was observed only in pastures largely infested by the plant, and animals recover quickly when moved from them.

Intoxicação natural por Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) em búfalos na Ilha de Marajó, Pará

Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiologicos e os sinais clinicos dos primeiros casos de intoxicacao natural por Ipomoea asarifolia em bufalos. A doenca foi diagnosticada em quatro bubalinos de tres diferentes propriedades, no municipio de Cachoeira do Arari, Ilha de Marajo, PA, e ocorreu nos meses de novembro e dezembro, o periodo mais seco do ano nesta regiao e de escassez de alimento. Os sinais clinicos observados foram relacionados ao sistema nervoso central, como andar tropego, hipermetria, acentuados tremores musculares, queda ao solo em posicoes incomuns, nistagmo e marcada excitacao, sinais que se agravavam apos movimentacao. Baseado nos aspectos epidemiologicos, sinais clinicos e na ausencia de leoes histopatologicas, concluiu se tratar de intoxicacao por Ipomoea asarifolia.

Quadro clínico-patológico do envenenamento crotálico experimental em bubalinos comparado com o de bovinos

The objective of the study was to verify the sensibility of buffaloes to the poison of Crotalus durissus terriiicus and to study the clinical-pathological picture in buffaloes in comparison with the one in cattle. The subcutaneous inoculation of the liofilized poison of the snake, diluted in 1ml of physiologic solution, was done in the area of the humerus-radio-ulnar joint of three buffaloes at doses of 0.015, 0.03 and 0.066mg/kg, and of two cattle at doses of 0.03 and 0.066mg/kg. The buffalo that received the 0.03mg/kg dose presented severe clinical signs but recovered six days later. The bovine that received the same dose, died after a clinical course of 22h56min. The 0.066mg/kg dose caused death of the bovine as also the buffalo, with a clinical course of 4h23min and 8h12min, respectively. The buffalo that received the 0.015mg/kg dose recovered, after a course of 48 hours. The buffalo that died, showed clinical signs from 3h58min on, and the buffaloes that showed symptoms from 17h25min and 24h00min after inoculation of the venom, but recovered. In the two cattle that died (with doses of 0.03 and 0.066mg/kg), the first clinical signs occurred 6h10min and 6h31min after the inoculation of the venom. The inoculation produced in the buffaloes and cattle nervous symptoms of flaccid paralysis. The main signs observed in the buffaloes as well as the cattle, were slight volume increase at the site of inoculation, respiration difficulties characterized by predominantly abdominal breathing, apathy, sialorreia, difficulty to get up when stimulated, evolution to sternal decubitus followed by lateral decubitus with peddling movements of the legs, and decrease of the reflexes related to the cranial nerves. The buffaloes showed also augmentation of the sustentation base, dragging of the hooves of the hind legs, slow and staggering gait, difficulty in apprehension of the food, The cattle showed additionally paralysis of the eyeballs, revealed through non-exhibition of the sclera during head rotation in latero-caudal direction. Laboratory exams revealed in the cattle and the buffaloes leucocytosis by neutrofilia, and in the biochemistry series, increase in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, creatinaquinase and lactic dehydrogenase. There was no alteration in the urinalysis nor in the activation time of protrombine and in the time of partially activated tromboplastin. Necropsy only evidenced slight edema corresponding to the inoculation site in one bovine. Histopathological examination revealed picnosis of the epitelial cell nuclei of some kidney tubules in the cortex (in the buffalo and in one bovine) and slight vacuolation of hepatocites (in one bovine).

Lesões traumáticas de pele causadas pelos espinhos de Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis em equídeos

Foram realizadas pesquisas sobre a natureza e causa de lesoes de pele em equideos em uma propriedade no municipio de Castanhal, regiao Nordeste do Estado do Para. Foram realizadas visitas tecnicas, estudos epidemiologicos, coletas de sangue, biopsias de pele afetada e a inspecao da pastagem. O estudo incluiu 25 equideos, dos quais 14 machos e 11 femeas, de seis meses e oito anos de idade. Os animais apresentaram lesoes ulcerativas, de bordos irregulares, na cabeca (narinas, focinho, labios superiores e inferiores e chanfro), na cavidade oral (vestibulo bucal e gengiva) e nos membros (boletos, metacarpos e metatarsos e articulacao escapulo-umeral). No exame histopatologico foram observados focos de erosoes cutâneas, caracterizados por perda e necrose da epiderme, com espongiose, degeneracao vesicular da epiderme remanescente e leve infiltrado inflamatorio na derme subjacente, constituido predominantemente por macrofagos e, em menor grau, eosinofilos. Na inspecao da pastagem, constituida de Brachiaria humidicola, foi constatada grande invasao de duas plantas providas de espinhos, Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis, ambas da familia Leg. Mimosoideae. Concluiu-se, que as lesoes de pele foram causadas pela acao traumatica dos espinhos de Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis.

Dermatite por lambedura em bovinos no estado do Pará

A condition of 13 cattle from 10 farms in six districts in the state of Para, Brazil, characterized by ulcerative skin wounds was studied. The lesions were observed in regions of the body to which the cattle had access with their own tongue; the animals licked the wounds frequently. Epidemiological studies, pathological findings and the differential diagnosis indicate that the dermatitis is caused by licking. The wounds healed after restraining the head of the animals that then were unable to lick themselves.