Danillo Henrique da Silva Lima

Occurrence of Pseudocowpox virus associated to Bovine viral diarrhea virus-1, Brazilian Amazon

In 2011, an outbreak of severe vesicular disease occurred in the state of Pará, Amazon region. Besides proliferative or verrucous lesions, cattle showed atypical clinical signs such as diarrhea and leading to death. The animals were submitted to clinical, pathological and molecular diagnosis, and laboratory tests have confirmed the presence of Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), a Parapoxvirus genus member, and have also found Bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (BVDV-1), probably causing persistent infection. The results of molecular diagnostics, followed by sequencing data demonstrated the circulation of both viruses (PCPV and BVDV-1) in an area previously affected by another poxvirus, as Vaccinia virus.The cocirculation between PCPV and BVDV-1 indicates a major concern for animal health because the clinical presentation can be a severe disease. This is the first detection of PCPV in the Brazilian Amazon.

Degenerative joint disease in cattle and buffaloes in the Amazon region: a retrospective study

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo sobre os aspectos epidemiologicos e clinico-patologicos em bovinos e bufalos com doenca articular degenerativa (DAD) no estado do Para, Brasil. Durante os anos de 1999 a 2014 foram avaliados 11 bovinos e 24 bubalinos. Todos os animais atendidos com suspeita clinica de DAD foram submetidos a exame clinico do sistema locomotor. Foram necropsiados sete bovinos e oito bubalinos com sinais clinicos da enfermidade. Os sinais clinicos comuns observados em ambas as especies foram claudicacao cronica, andar rigido, alteracoes posturais, crepitacoes audiveis no membro acometido, decubito prolongado, dificuldade para levantar, e emagrecimento progressivo. As lesoes articulares evidenciadas na necropsia consistiram em irregularidade da superficie articular, presenca de erosao na cartilagem articular e no tecido osseo subjacente, proliferacao de tecido osseo periarticular com formacao de osteofitos. Tanto nos bovinos como nos bubalinos as articulacoes mais acometidas foram as dos membros posteriores. Nos bubalinos, possivelmente o principal fator predisponente ao surgimento de DAD foi a deficiencia de fosforo, ao contrario dos bovinos, nos quais os defeitos de conformacao anatomica dos membros posteriores, traumas cronicos em virtude da atividade exercida, como a coleta de semen e a idade avancada, foram o que, possivelmente, contribuiram para surgimento da enfermidade.

Intoxicação natural por Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) em búfalos na Ilha de Marajó, Pará

Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiologicos e os sinais clinicos dos primeiros casos de intoxicacao natural por Ipomoea asarifolia em bufalos. A doenca foi diagnosticada em quatro bubalinos de tres diferentes propriedades, no municipio de Cachoeira do Arari, Ilha de Marajo, PA, e ocorreu nos meses de novembro e dezembro, o periodo mais seco do ano nesta regiao e de escassez de alimento. Os sinais clinicos observados foram relacionados ao sistema nervoso central, como andar tropego, hipermetria, acentuados tremores musculares, queda ao solo em posicoes incomuns, nistagmo e marcada excitacao, sinais que se agravavam apos movimentacao. Baseado nos aspectos epidemiologicos, sinais clinicos e na ausencia de leoes histopatologicas, concluiu se tratar de intoxicacao por Ipomoea asarifolia.

Serological survey of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle (Bos indicus) and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in ten provinces of Brazil

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii among 500 cattle (Bos indicus) and 500 buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) technique. Blood samples from were collected from water buffalo and cattle in 10 municipalities in the northern region of Brazil. The frequency of cattle and water buffaloes seropositive for Neospora caninum in Pará state, Brazil, was 55% and 44%, respectively, and the frequency of cattle and water buffaloes seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii was 52% and 39%, respectively. Seropositivity for both N. caninum and T. gondii was detected in 10.6% of the cattle samples and 14.8% of the buffalo samples. The frequency of cattle positive for N. caninum and T. gondii was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of buffalo in two and three provinces, respectively. Buffaloes had a lower seroprevalence for N. caninum or T. gondii in all of the provinces studied. These results suggest that both species, when exposed to the same risks for N. caninum and T. gondii infection, have a high serological prevalence. Cattle showed a higher probability of being seropositive when exposed to the same risks for N. caninum and T. gondii. Our study, which included an extensive number of blood samples, provides important epidemiological information pertinent to buffalo production in tropical countries that can be used as a basis for disease-management practices in Latin America.

Detecção e tratamento de otite por Rhabditis blumi em bovinos da região Norte do Brasil

This study aimed to describe the occurrence of parasitic otitis caused by Rhabditis blumi in dairy cattle of the Gir race from a farm in northern Brazil. Forty-two samples were collected from cattle by swab washed from the external auditory canal (EAC). On clinical examination, in 71.4% (30/42) of the cattle the parasite was found in the cerumen of the ear canal, along with alopecia of head and hump caused by discomfort and itching of the auricular region. At microscopic analysis of material from the conjunctival sac the parasite was found in 90% (9/10) of the evaluated cattle. In addition, 9.5% (4/42) of the cattle showed nervous symptoms, such as mild to moderate rotation of the head, apathy, flaccid lips and unilateral ptosis, change in chewing and food accumulation in the oral cavity. Thirty cattle positive for Rhabditis spp. were randomly divided into three groups of 10 animals each: (G1) Cattle Control, (G2) Cattle treated with ivermectin 1% pour-on, and (G3) Cattle undergoing wash of the external auditory canal (EAC). Each treatment was repeated three times with intervals of seven days. In G1, 10 cattle remained infected throughout the study. In G2, 20% of the cattle were negative after the first two treatments, however were positive at the third evaluation. In G3, all cattle remained positive, but with decrease in parasite load. Identification by molecular analysis of amplified fragments through the expansion D2/D3 28S rDNA confirmed the presence of only Rhabditis blumi. Based on clinical, morphologic and molecular examination, it appears to be the first report of the occurrence of R. blumi infection in Gir cattle in the State of Para, due to the purchase of cattle from areas where parasitic otitis has been diagnosed, as from Minas Gerais, to produce crossbred animals (Gir x Holstein). This emphasizes the importance of prior clinical examination by the veterinary service in order to transfer only healthy animals to other properties or regions. This appears also to be the first report on R. blumi infection of the conjunctival sac in cattle. Treatment with ivermectin in G2 did not produce clinical improvement.

Surto de intoxicação por sal em ovinos no estado do Pará

O presente trabalho relata um surto de intoxicacao por sal em ovinos no Brasil, em uma propriedade no estado do Para. De um total de 545 ovinos, oito animais adoeceram (1,46%) e quatro destes morreram (50%). A avaliacao das instalacoes e do manejo indicaram como fatores predisponentes a ingestao excessiva de mistura mineral e a restricao hidrica. Os principais sinais clinicos foram decubito, diminuicao ou ausencia da sensibilidade cutânea, ausencia dos reflexos de ameaca, palpebral e auricular, midriase, nistagmo, opistotono, espasticidade de membros, sonolencia e estupor. Havia ainda, timpanismo, diarreia, taquipneia, taquicardia, desidratacao e poliuria. A evolucao do quadro clinico nos animais que morreram variou de duas horas e meia a 48 horas. As medias das concentracoes sericas de sodio e de potassio de 31 ovinos do mesmo lote afetado pela intoxicacao, em amostras colhidas durante o surto, revelaram hipernatremia (190mEq/l) e hipercalemia (8,2mEq/l). A necropsia, observou-se em um animal, achatamento das circunvolucoes cerebrais. Microscopicamente, neste animal, evidenciou-se vacuolizacao moderada do neuropilo, particularmente nas lâminas intermediarias do cortex cerebral, com aumento dos espacos perineural e perivascular. Nessas areas foram observados ainda, acentuada tumefacao e edema dos astrocitos e necrose neuronal aguda. A dosagem de sodio no encefalo de um ovino, revelou-se elevada com valor de 3.513ppm. O diagnostico foi realizado com base na epidemiologia, nos sinais clinicos, nas lesoes macro e microscopicas e nas dosagens de sodio no soro e no encefalo dos ovinos.