Telat Yanik

Inhibitory effects of isatin Mannich bases on carbonic anhydrases, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase

Abstract The effects of isatin Mannich bases incorporating (1-[piperidin-1-yl (P1)/morpholin-4-yl (P2)/N-methylpiperazin-1-yl (P3)]methyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione) moieties against human (h) carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoenzymes hCA I and hCA II, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were evaluated. P1–P3 demonstrated impressive inhibition profiles against AChE and BChE and also inhibited both CAs at nanomolar level. These inhibitory effects were more powerful in all cases than the reference compounds used for all these enzymes. This study suggests that isatin Mannich bases P1–P3 are good candidate compounds especially for the development of new cholinesterase inhibitors since they were 2.2–5.9 times better inhibitors than clinically used drug Tacrine.

Effect of Melatonin on Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo

Abstract Beydemir, Ş. Gülçin, İ., Hisar, O., Küfrevioğlu, Ö.İ. and Yanik, T. 2005. Effect of melatonin on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 28: 65–68. The in vitro and in vivo effects of melatonin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were investigated. G6PD was purified with a specific activity of 16.7 EU/mg protein and 1,852-folds in a yield of 60.6% by using ammonium sulphate precipitation and 2′,5′-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity gel. In vitro studies showed that G6PD enzyme activity increased up to 0.22 mM melatonin concentration and was inhibited at higher levels. In vivo studies showed that though initial G6PD activity was 8.33±1.13 EU g1 Hb, it was inhibited (P<0.05) 3h after injection of 10 mg kg1 melatonin. It is recommended that intramuscular dose of melatonin for rainbow trout should be less than 0.22 mM.

Kinetic Properties of Carbonic Anhydrase Purified from Gills of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract Hisar, O., Beydemir, Ş., Bülbül, M. and Yanik, T. 2006. Kinetic properties of carbonic anhydrase purified from gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. Appl. Anim. Res., 30: 185–188. Kinetic behavior and some properties of carbonic anhydrase enzyme purified from gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied at 4C. The purification steps included high-speed centrifugation, sepharose-4B-L tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity gel chromatography and dialysis. Yield and specific activity of the enzyme were 40% and 55.56 EU/mg protein, respectively. The overall purification was 104.8-fold. The molecular mass was approximately estimated as 28 kDa by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and as 27 kDa by gel filtration column chromatography. Optimal pH, stable pH and optimal temperature of the enzyme were 9.5, 8.2 in 0.025 M boric acid buffer and 17.5C, respectively. KMand Vmax values of the enzyme for the substrate (p-nitrophenylacetate) were 8.13 mM and 2.10 μmol/mg protein/min, respectively. The dissociation constant of the enzyme inhibitor complex (Ki) value was 3.93±0.65 μM for sulfanilamide and sulfanilamide inhibited the enzyme in a noncompetitive manner. Data from present study showed that optimum kinetic properties of gill CA enzyme were different from other vertebrate CAs.

Inhibitory effects of ammonia and urea on gill carbonic anhydrase enzyme activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The effects of ammonia and urea on branchial carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme which plays a key role in ionoregulation, osmoregulation and acid-base balance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. CA activity of the control group for ammonia and urea was determined as 1285.7 ± 67.9 and 1261.7 ± 60.8EU/mg protein, respectively. The CA enzyme activities of the other groups were measured at 1, 2 and 3h after ammonia and urea applications. The corresponding activities of ammonia were 774.9 ± 68.8, 732.1 ± 48.6 and 768.1 ± 59.5EU/mg protein, respectively and that of urea were 769.3 ± 58.9, 638.2 ± 47.7 and 1108.1 ± 61.1EU/mg protein, respectively. The differences between the initial CA activities for the controls was not significantly (P > 0.01). The CA activities were significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited both in ammonia and urea group. However, the ammonia inhibited more than urea since there was significant differences between final values of gill CA activities.

Inhibitory Effects of Some Antibiotics on Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase from Rainbow Trout Erythrocytes in Vitro and in Vivo

Abstract Carbonic anhydrase (CA) from erythrocytes of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was purified by affinity chromatography through a process comprising hemolysate preparation, sepharose- 4B-l-tyrosine-sulfanylamide affinity gel chromatography, and dialysis. Then the effects of three antibiotics—sodium ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole—on this enzyme were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition effects were determined in vitro by means of the Lineweaver–Burk and activity–antibiotic regression graphs. The dissociation constant of the enzyme inhibitor complex (Ki ) and 50% inhibitory values were 2.16 ± 0.40 and 1.87 mM for sodium ampicillin, 7.40 ± 0.310 and 5.21 mM for streptomycin, and 18.50 ± 0.35 and 9.74 mM for trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. The in vivo experiment demonstrated that CA was significantly inhibited by trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole but not by sodium ampicillin and streptomycin.

Assessment of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine activity, gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activity on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues exposed to biopesticide

The goal of this study was to determinate toxicity mechanism of biopesticide with antioxidant enzymes parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), transcriptional changes of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and cytochromes P4501A (CYP1A), sod, cat, and gpx in liver and gill tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this aim, plant-based (natural pesticides, azadirachtin (AZA)) and synthetic pesticides (deltamethrin (DLM)) were exposed on the fish at different concentrations (0.0005 and 0.00025ppm of DLM; 0.24 and 0.12ppm of AZA) for 21 days. According to the results of the study, the activity of SOD, CAT and GPx decreased, but malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activity of 8-OHdG increased in the gill and liver of rainbow trout (p<0.05). Additionally sod, cat and gpx were down regulated; HSP70 and CYP1A were up regulated for transcriptional observation. The downwards regulation of antioxidant (sod, cat and gpx) and the upregulation of HSP70 and CYP1A was obvious with doses of AZA or DLM (p<0.05). The findings of this study suggest that biopesticide can cause biochemical and physiological effects in the fish gill and liver by causing enzyme inhibition, an increase in 8-OHdG levels and changes in both transcriptional parameters (sod, cat, gpx, HSP70 and CYP1A). We found that excessive doses of plant-based pesticide are nearly as toxic as chemical ones for aquatic organisms. Moreover, 8-OHdG, HSP70 and CYP1A used as a biomarker to determinate toxicity mechanism of biopesticide in aquatic environment.

Discrimination of Penaeid Shrimps with PCR-RFLP Analysis

Abstract A rapid polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was designed to examine genetic differentiation of some penaeid shrimps. Three hundred and fifty-six bp of cytochrome-b gene, a specific part of mitochondrial genome, was amplified with PCR to figure out differences between shrimp species Penaeus semisulcatus, Penaeus kerathurus, Parapenaeus longirostris, and Metapenaeus monoceros. PCR products were digested with different restriction endonucleases (DdeI, MboI, MboII, and MseI.). None of the tested enzymes, alone, was able to distinguish between the four shrimp species, but with the combination of the results of two digestions, all of the species could be differentiated. It was shown that PCR-RFLP method can be used to expose fraudulent substitutions of processed shrimps prior to marketing.

Growth of Trout Juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus fontinalis and Salmo trutta fario) under Uniform Cultural Conditions

Abstract Kocaman, E.M., Bayir, A., Sirkecioğlu, A.N., Cengiz Bayir, M. and Yanik, T. 2006. Growth of trout juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus fontinalis and Salmo trutta fario) under uniform cultural conditions. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 30: 73–75. Growth of trout juveniles namely rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (Salmo trutta faria) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were determined under same environmental conditions. Although the initial average weights of the three trouts were similar, the average final weights, rate of weight gain and feed per unit gain were superior in rainbow and brook trouts as compared to brown trout. Survival rate during the 140 d experimental period was 100% in all species. Thus faster and economic growth of rainbow trout over other cultured trouts is demonstrated.

Effects of light on trace elements and triiodothyronine levels in plasma of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio).

The changes of copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, manganese, and triiodothyronine as a result of short- and long-term isothermal exposure to light were determined in the plasma of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio). Two groups of fish were subject to a 3-mo treatment that consisted of (1) 8h of light followed by 16 h of darkness and (2) 16 h of light followed by 8h of darkness at 25°C. No significant changes were recorded between the two groups at the beginning of the study. After 3 mo, the triiodothyronine and elements levels as well as the growth rates of fish in the long-time exposure period were significantly higher than those in the short-time exposure (p<0.05).

A short report regarding the physicochemical properties of surface water quality in Karaçomak stream, Turkey

Within the scope of present study, the water quality of stream Karacomak in Kastamonu-Turkey was investigated. Water samples were collected from 9 stations selected on Karacomak stream, considering the pollution points and the points, where the entrance of water into stream is high. The samples taken were analyzed in terms of water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, saltiness, electrical conductivity, chemical composition and heavy metal content, and for their genotoxic and cytotoxic potential. Physicochemical evaluation indicated that all samples had heterogeneous intensity of environmental influence, but the considerable impact was noticed for the third and seventh stations. The present study highlights the need for continuous evaluation of water pollution level, and is intended to help in mitigating the environmental impacts and improve environmental performance.