Teruo Tanaka

Penems. I. Novel synthesis of antibacterial penem compounds utilizing 1,3-dithiolane derivatives

Abstract A novel penem synthesis utilizing 1,3-dithiolane or 1,3-dithiane derivatives allowed us to synthesize a number of new antibacterial penem compounds.

2-Thioxopenams, useful intermediated for penem synthesis

The new penam derivatives, 2-thioxopenams, are prepared by a novel synthetic method and treated with alkylating agents to give penem derivatives.

Usefulness of Selenium Oral Solution Administration for Patients with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities under Long-term Total Parenteral Nutrition.

Selenium is a component of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which metabolizes oxygen radicals. Generally, selenium is obtained from such foods as grains and fish. Therefore, for patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) who cannot orally consume meals, a selenium deficiency remains a problem. To overcome this problem, selenium oral solution was administered to SMID patients under long-term total parenteral nutrition, and the usefulness of selenium oral solution was evaluated using the serum selenium concentration and GPx activity as indices.Before selenium oral solution administration, the serum selenium concentration of SMID patients was 3.0 ± 0.7, μg/dL, which is an extremely the low value compared with 11.2 ± 1.2, μg/dL which is the normal value for a healthy adult. Moreover, the GPx activity of 48.5 ± 12.3 n mol/min/mL was also extremely low in comparison to a healthy adult s value of 112.6 ± 5.6 n mol/min/mL. When a selenium oral solution (6, μg/kg) was administered to SMID patients for two weeks once per day, the serum selenium concentration and the GPx activity increased, and there was no difference from a normal healthy adult s value. Although the selenium oral solution thereafter decreased to 1.5μg/kg once per day, the serum selenium concentration and the GPx activity were mostly maintained in the normal region. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between the serum selenium concentration and the GPx activity. (p< 0.001)These results suggested that the administration of oral selenium solution to patients with selenium deficiency diseases, such as SMID, and patients under long-term total parenteral nutrition, thus improved the serum selenium concentration and GPx activity.

Improvement of Tablet Case and Quality Control of Tablets and Capsules for Automatic Tablet Counting and Packing System.

The automatic dispensing system which is connected between the prescription ordering system and automatic tablet counting and packing system (ATC) machine has been developed in recent years. The quality control of tablets and capsules (unsealed) in ATC and the stability of these drugs after ATC package must be considered for packing these drugs in a one dose-package by automatic dispensing system. Therefore, we selected 190 drugs (tablets and capsules) from the drugs adopted in our hospital and stored in a light-resistant or moistureproof place as mentioned in package inserts, and investigated the stability of these tablets and capsules (unsealed condition) with time when they were stored in the ATC tablet cases provided in our dispensary and under the conditions of constant temperature and humidity (in a dark place, at 20°C and 52%RH). In our study, we used a new tablet case devised for improving the light-resistant and maintained appropriate conditions of temperature and humidity in the dispensary by using an air conditioning system continuously. As a result, the quality control of these drugs stored in ATC was greatly improved. The appearance of ASPARA K®, DEPAKENE ®and AUGMENTIN ® were changed markedly under the sealed condition in ATC by temperature and humidity. We judged from our findings that the application of these three drugs to the automatic dispensing system is by far difficult since there are still problems to be solved for the quality control of these drugs.