Themis Maria Kessler

Novas perspectivas em comunicação suplementar e/ou alternativa a partir da análise de periódicos internacionais

TEMA: A Comunicacao Suplementar e/ou Alternativa (CSA) e uma area do conhecimento da pratica clinica, educacional e de pesquisa que favorece a qualidade de vida de seus usuarios e familiares. OBJETIVO: propor diretrizes de intervencao e pesquisa na area de CSA a partir da identificacao e sintese descritiva de artigos publicados em periodicos indexados em bases de dados eletronicas internacionais, quanto a tematica comunicacao suplementar e/ou alternativa, abrangendo pesquisas experimentais, relatos de atendimento individual e/ou em grupo, estudos de casos que incluissem sujeitos com paralisia cerebral ou com problemas neurologicos nao definidos e/ou com retardo mental. CONCLUSAO: A individualizacao das praticas quanto ao design, relevância e velocidade do processamento da informacao e o processo de inclusao da familia e demais parceiros conversacionais sao fundamentais ao sucesso na intervencao, generalizacao e manutencao de uso da prancha de comunicacao suplementar e/ou alternativa em contextos formais e informais. A prescricao individualizada dos recursos da area de CSA conforme caracteristicas fisicas, mentais, psiquicas, cognitivas e linguisticas do usuario tem impacto positivo na sua qualidade de vida e na de seus familiares. Portanto, recomenda-se a introducao o mais breve possivel dos recursos terapeuticos da area da comunicacao suplementar e/ou alternativa para sujeitos com oralidade restrita e/ou ausente.

Intersubjetividade mãe-filho na experiência com comunicação ampliada e alternativa

PURPOSE: to analyze the maternal perception on the introduction and use of alternative and augmentative communication boards in cerebral palsy language clinic. METHODS: semi-structured interviews were conducted and used to created analysis categories based on three guiding aspects: a) the constitution of maternal function and its execution with individuals with cerebral palsy; b) dialogic interaction under Bakhtinian perspective; and c) the effects of language clinic on the maternal role and on the dialogue between mothers and their children. RESULTS: the results indicate different types of resource usage in the mother-child dyad, which are related to the quality of the maternal role and to the form of presenting the resource to users and their family. When the conception of language with which the resource is implemented does not include the family or consider the exercise of maternal role, the results in its generalization and maintenance are precarious. In cases where there was a debate on family use of the communication board, favoring the process of intersubjectivity between subjects without orality and their family, use and generalization were increased. CONCLUSIONS: it may be concluded that Bakhtin conception on dialogic language crossed by psychoanalysis allows for a more efficacious approach as for the probed communicative device.

Classificação socioeconômica e qualidade de vida de familiares de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência auditiva

Purpose: to investigate the relation between socio-economic classification and the perception of quality of life of people who have a relative with hearing loss. Methods: It is a quantitative and descriptive exploratory research developted with relatives of hearing impaired children and teenagers, user of Sistema Unico de Saude. The researchers applied the Brazilian Criteria of Economic Classification - BCEC (In Portuguese: Criterio de Classificacao Economica Brasil - CCEB), and Quality of Life questionnaire of WHOQOL-BREF. All data were tabulated and statistically analyzed by using the descriptive statistics and graphical analysis of the variables. Results: twenty family members of patients with hearing disability took part in the research. The descriptive analysis of the answers of the Brazilian Criteria of Economic Classification - BCEC (In Portuguese: Criterio de Classificacao Economica Brasil - CCEB) showed that most of the participants belong to B2 and C1 classes, which correspond to 35% each. A reduced part of the sample is in the C2 class, which correspond to 10% and 20% is inserted in the B1 class. It was perceived the best quality of life in the social domain (69.1) and the worst quality of life in the environmental domain (55.1). Conclusion: the study showed that there was a relation between socioeconomic classification of the families and the perception of the quality of life, because the lower the socioeconomic classification is, the worse the perception of the quality of life was in all areas except for the environmental field.

Fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia e terapia ocupacional – prática interdisciplinar nos distúrbios da comunicação humana

Purpose: to identify, in the perception of physical therapists, speech therapists and occupational therapists of southern Brazil, how the theme of interdisciplinarity in health and Human Communication Disorders is developed. Methods: cross-sectional study of the qualitative and quantitative, exploratory and descriptive approach. Data collection was through self-administered questionnaires specific to each professional area. Data analysis used the descriptive analysis of the variables, Pearsons chi-square test and content analysis Results: they showed that study participants recognize the importance of interdisciplinarity in the area, but not all perform interdisciplinary actions in their daily work. This is due to the lack of professionals in the workplace, but also owing to the lack of knowledge on the duties of some professions. Regarding the importance of interdisciplinarity in the care of human communication disorders it was observed that professionals recognize that subjects attended both by physical therapy, speech therapy and by the occupational therapy require a comprehensive view and not just the attention on their illness. Conclusion: physiotherapists, speech therapists and occupational therapists are informed about the importance of interdisciplinarity in the care of disorders of human communication disorders, but the interdisciplinary practices are still not recurrent in the workplace.

O desenvolvimento da percepção dos contrastes mínimos na língua brasileira de sinais em um grupo de Codas

Purpose: to verify the emergence and acquisition of the minimal contrasts perception in the Brazilian Sign Language, by Children of Deaf Adults. Methods: nine collections of Brazilian Sign Language perception skills of normal hearing children with deaf parents, from two to nine years old, during their language development period, were performed and analyzed. The applied test consisted of 35 minimal pairs, signs which varied in only one parameter, which could be: handshape, location, movement or orientation. The signs were graphically represented through pictures. A statistical analysis was performed with significance level of 5%. The used tests were the comparison tests by Friedman and Wilcoxon, and also the Spearman correlation test. Results: the parameter movement is more easily perceived than the other contrasts, followed by the parameters location and hand configuration, which act in a similar way in the perception of these learners. The most difficult contrast to be perceived was orientation. Another relevant finding refers to age group, because the longest the contact with sign language the children had, the better was the Coda performance in the perception test of the minimal contrasts. Conclusion: it was perceived that through the perception test it was possible to detect which parameters are first acquired. The most easily perceived was the movement parameter, followed by location and handshape, while orientation was the last to be acquired.

Efeitos de oficinas de contar histórias com livros infantis realizadas com familiares de crianças surdas

OBJETIVO:analisar os efeitos nas estrategias utilizadas por familiares de criancas surdas ao contar historia por meio de livros infantis, antes e depois de oficinas com fonoaudiologo.METODOS:pesquisa exploratoria, qualitativa e descritiva. Foi desenvolvida com familiares que frequentavam uma clinica escola de uma universidade publica federal. No primeiro momento deste estudo foram analisados os prontuarios dos pacientes. No segundo foi realizada a gravacao em video da diade familiar-crianca surda enquanto contava historias com livros infantis. No terceiro os familiares participaram de oficinas com fonoaudiologo, envolvendo temas sobre brincar e contar historias. Apos as oficinas, foram realizadas novas gravacoes em video das diades contando historias. Os dados foram transcritos e submetidos a analise de video, bem como computado a frequencia do numero de direcao de olhares.RESULTADOS:participaram do estudo tres adultos e tres criancas. Apos as oficinas houve modificacoes significativas nas estrategias utilizadas pelos familiares ao contar historias. Empregaram variacao da entonacao; usaram onomatopeias; recursos corporais como expressoes faciais, movimentos, toques na crianca e destacaram as ilustracoes. Com relacao a direcao do olhar, apos as oficinas as criancas olham mais para o livro e ambos passaram a olhar mais uns para os outros.CONCLUSAO:apos as oficinas observaram-se mudancas qualitativas na maneira de contar historias, utilizando-se livros infantis como mediadores da interacao linguistica, por parte dos familiares participantes deste estudo. Os efeitos produzidos proporcionaram uma participacao mais produtiva da diade para o desenvolvimento de linguagem das criancas.