Diéssica Zacarias Vargas

As variáveis intervenientes na produção do onset complexo mediante uma análise silábica

ABSTRACTPurpose : to verify and to compare the repair strategies and the influence of linguistic (syllabic and prosodic) and extralinguistic variables in the production of consonant clusters by children with typical and atypical phonological development. Method : it was analyzed the speech of 48 children, 24 with typical phonological development and 24 with atypical phonological development, similar in relation to sex, and age between 2:6 to 5:5;29 (typical group) and 5:0 to 7:11;29 (atypical group). The samples were collected transversely, based on the instrument Avaliacao Fonologica da Crianca. It was analyzed the words presented as target consonant clusters, with a corpus of 278 words of typical development and 460 of atypical development. The correct production, C 2 deletion, C 1 deletion, syllable deletion, epenthetic, metathesis and idiosyncrasies were considered as variants of the dependent variable. The extralinguistic factors such as age, sex and development type, and linguistic variables the number of syllables, next precedent syllabic context, the position in the word, the complexity of the onset in the syllable and metrical foot were considered as independent intervening variables. The speech data were statistically analyzed through VARBRUL.

Uso do programa MDVP em diferentes contextos: revisão de literatura

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever, a partir de revisao de literatura, a confiabilidade da analise acustica utilizando o Multi Dimensional Voice Program,comparacao de suas medidas com outros programas de analise acustica; caracterizacao de vozes de diferentes grupos; e sua utilizacao para verificar os efeitos e eficacia de diferentes procedimentos terapeuticos. Realizou-se levantamento bibliografico que priorizaram estudos dos ultimos cinco anos, incluindo-se artigos cujo objetivo estivesse de acordo com o interesse da presente revisao. A pesquisa foi realizada nos bancos de dados das bases Lilacs, BIREME, PubMed, MedLine, Scielo e Google Schoolar, por meio dos descritores acoustic, speech acoustics e voice. As medidas mais utilizadas sao frequencia fundamental, jitter, shimmer e proporcao harmonico-ruido. As medidas de tremor nao apresentam boa confiabilidade. As medidas mais consistentes que apresentam alta concordância com outros programas de analise acustica sao as relacionadas com a frequencia fundamental. Diversos estudos buscam caracterizar diferentes tipos de vozes tais como as de sujeitos sem alteracoes vocais de ambos os sexos, buscando estabelecer parâmetro de normalidade para diferentes grupos populacionais. Alem disso, alguns estudos caracterizam vozes com diferentes disturbios. A analise acustica e um recurso objetivo e necessario na avaliacao de pacientes com disturbio vocal e, principalmente, na comparacao de diversos tipos de tratamento.

Fatores intervenientes na produção correta da sílaba (c)vc em dados típicos e atípicos de fala

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the infl uence of extralinguistic, prosodic, and syllabic variables to the correct production of (C)VC syllables in children with typical and atypical phonological development. We analyzed speech data of 36 children. Dependent variables: correct production of the syllable, epenthesis, metathesis, coda omission, syllable omission and coalescence. Intervening variables: tonicity, number of syllables, preceding syllable context, following syllable context, word position, syllable onset complexity, coda segmental complexity and position of the (C)VC syllable in relation to the “metrical foot”. Extralinguistic variables: age, sex and type of phonological acquisition. The results showed as relevant to the correct production of blocked syllables for the typical speech data were age, sex, tonicity, word position, syllable onset complexity and coda segmental complexity. Except tonicity and syllable onset complexity, all other variables were selected as statistically signifi cant for the atypical data. The variable type of phonological development was selected. Besides, it was identifi ed in the typical cases a higher frequency and probability of blocked syllable correct production.

O desenvolvimento da percepção dos contrastes mínimos na língua brasileira de sinais em um grupo de Codas

Purpose: to verify the emergence and acquisition of the minimal contrasts perception in the Brazilian Sign Language, by Children of Deaf Adults. Methods: nine collections of Brazilian Sign Language perception skills of normal hearing children with deaf parents, from two to nine years old, during their language development period, were performed and analyzed. The applied test consisted of 35 minimal pairs, signs which varied in only one parameter, which could be: handshape, location, movement or orientation. The signs were graphically represented through pictures. A statistical analysis was performed with significance level of 5%. The used tests were the comparison tests by Friedman and Wilcoxon, and also the Spearman correlation test. Results: the parameter movement is more easily perceived than the other contrasts, followed by the parameters location and hand configuration, which act in a similar way in the perception of these learners. The most difficult contrast to be perceived was orientation. Another relevant finding refers to age group, because the longest the contact with sign language the children had, the better was the Coda performance in the perception test of the minimal contrasts. Conclusion: it was perceived that through the perception test it was possible to detect which parameters are first acquired. The most easily perceived was the movement parameter, followed by location and handshape, while orientation was the last to be acquired.

ESTRATÉGIAS DE REPARO UTILIZADAS NA AQUISIÇÃO DAS OBSTRUINTES EM DOIS MUNICÍPIOS DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

PURPOSE:to determine the repair strategies used in the acquisition of obstruents in two municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul that receive different dialectal influences, by describing and comparing the intervening variables in this process.METHODS:72 children participated in the study, 36 from the municipality of Santa Maria and 36 from Agudo, aged between 1:0 and 4:0 (years: months). The corpora of Santa Maria and Agudo were composed by 3,178 and 3,847 analyzed obstruents, respectively. The analyzed repair strategies were desonorization, omission, posteriorization, anteriorization, plosivization of fricatives, and others. The extralinguistic variables were age, gender, type of input, metrical foot, number of syllables, preceding and following syllable context, position in the word, grammatical class, voicing and class of obstruent. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package VARBRUL, with a significance level of 5%.RESULTS:there was a prevalence of the omission strategy in Santa Maria and the posteriorization strategy in Agudo. Desonorization was the least frequently used resource in both groups. There were both similarities and differences when the intervening variables were compared.CONCLUSION:based on the results, it was concluded that dialectal variation did not interfere in the choice of resources employed by subjects from Agudo, which could occur due to input received in this municipality, i.e. desonorized phonemes.

Atraso de linguagem e desvio fonológico: um continuum ou duas patologia distintas?

PURPOSE: to study and verify that the phonological disorder is a continuum of language delay, i.e. if children with atypical phonological development previously had some delay in language development. METHODS: data were collected and organized into two groups: Group 1 was comprised of 10 children with language delay, who underwent speech therapy performed for stimulation and progressed after treatment, and were then transferred to the speech sector. Group 2 consisted of 554 subjects with signs of phonological disorder; they were diagnosed with such disorder after the evaluations. RESULTS: the findings of this study showed no significant association between gender and diagnosis, and the distribution between boys and girls was similar. In the analysis performed for age of onset of first words, no significant results were found. However, there was a significant result in the comparison between age of onset of first words and diagnosis, and the age of onset in the group with language delay was later than that of other diagnostic hypotheses. CONCLUSION: the results of this study support the literature, because phonological disorder refers to a change at the phonological level only, rather than a continuum of language delay.