Thereza Karolina Sarmento da Nóbrega

High-Intensity Resistance Exercise Promotes Postexercise Hypotension Greater than Moderate Intensity and Affects Cardiac Autonomic Responses in Women Who Are Hypertensive

Abstract de Freitas Brito, A, Brasileiro-Santos, MdS, Coutinho de Oliveira, CV, Sarmento da Nóbrega, TK, Lúcia de Moraes Forjaz, C, and da Cruz Santos, A. High-intensity resistance exercise promotes postexercise hypotension greater than moderate intensity and affects cardiac autonomic responses in women who are hypertensive. J Strength Cond Res 29(12): 3486–3493, 2015—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity resistance exercise (RE) sessions on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac autonomic modulation, and forearm blood flow (FBF). Sixteen trained hypertensive women (n = 16, 56 ± 3 years) completed the following 3 experimental sessions: control (CS), RE at 50% (EX50%), and RE at 80% (EX80%) of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Both EX50% and EX80% comprised a set of 10 repetitions of 10 exercises, with an interval of 90 seconds between exercises. Measurements were taken preintervention and postintervention (at 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 minutes of recovery). Reductions in systolic/diastolic BP after exercise were greater in EX80% (largest declines, −29 ± 4/−14 ± 5 mm Hg) than EX50% (largest declines, −18 ± 6/−8 ± 5 mm Hg, p ⩽ 0.05). Heart rate and cardiac sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) increased more in relation to pre-exercise values in EX80% than EX50% (largest increases 96 ± 3 vs. 90 ± 4 b·min−1, LF/HF = 1.77 ± 0.25 vs. 1.40 ± 0.20, respectively, p ⩽ 0.05). Increases in FBF and hyperemia was also higher in EX80% than EX50% compared with pre-exercise (4.97 ± 0.28 vs. 4.36 ± 0.27 ml·min−1·100 ml−1 and 5.90 ± 0.20 vs. 5.38 ± 0.25 ml·min−1·100 ml−1; p ⩽ 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that RE of higher intensity promoted greater postexercise hypotension accompanied by greater increases in FBF, vasodilator response, HR, and cardiac sympathovagal balance.

CAFEÍNA E EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DOS ASPECTOS HEMODINÂMICOS

Objective: to systematically review the cardiovascular effects of caffeine on exercise in athletes, not athletes apparently healthy and cardiac patients. Material and methods: the search was conducted using the Medline, Lilacs and Scielo. Found 108 studies. Of these, only 10 were included in the hemodynamic aspects include exercise in humans. Results: hemodynamic variables were the most studied blood pressure (BP) (n = 9) and heart rate (HR) (n = 9). Few studies have examined blood pressure measured (n = 2), double-product (n = 1) and blood flow (n = 1). Moreover, were monitored during exercise, and only one, for a period of 10 minutes in the recovery period. Caffeine increased the BP in most studies. Likewise, increased the FC. However, two studies were found that the substance caused a significant decrease of this variable. Conclusion: caffeine in moderate concentrations of 5mg/kg body, causes cardiovascular changes both at rest and during and after exercise. However, the magnitude of these changes may vary according to population. DESCRIPTORS Blood pressure. Heart rate. Autonomic nervous system.

INFLUÊNCIA AGUDA DO TABACO NA PRESSÃO ARTERIAL, FREQÜÊNCIA CARDÍACA E NA HIPOTENSÃO PÓS-EXERCÍCIO EM HOMENS JOVENS FUMANTES

Introduction: It was investigated the impact of tobacco abstinence on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in response to an aerobic exercise session. Materials and Methods: Five smokers (23.6±1.9 years), previously sedentary, performed three treadmill exercise sessions lasting 30 minutes with intensity between 60 and 70% HRmax, maintaining abstinence from six hours (ABS), smoking a cigarette five minutes before exercising (FIM) or 1 hour after smoking a cigarette (F1H). A group of nonsmokers (23.2 ± 0.4 years) performed a control session (CON). HR and BP were monitored before, during and after exercise sessions. The data were presented as mean and standard error. ANOVA test was used, with Tukey post-hoc test to compare procedures. Results: HR and BP were similar during and immediately at the end of the exercise for all situations (p less than 0.05). However, 30 minutes after exercise, the diastolic BP was found to be increased by FIM (77.6±3 mmHg) compared with control (p less than 0.05), while in ABS, F1H and CON reduction occurred (68.5 ± 3, 71.6 ± 4 and 66.0 ± 6 mmHg respectively) with no significant difference. Conclusion: smoking abstinence does not alter the responses of HR and BP in smokers during exercise, but reduces the benefits of acute exercise on reducing post-exercise BP. DESCRIPTORS Blood Pressure. Physical Exercise. Tobacco. Nicotine.

RESPOSTA DE UMA SESSÃO COM VÍDEO GAME ATIVO NA HIPOTENSÃO PÓS-EXERCÍCIO EM JOVENS NORMOTENSOS

Introduction: There have been reports on the use of the active video game (AVG) and the physiological demands imposed by its practice, in addition to its possible application in the therapeutic field. However, its effect on blood pressure (BP) remains unclear. Objective: Thus, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the AVG to promote post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in normotensive individuals. Material and Methods: Eight volunteers (24.5±2.3 years, 22.4±2.0 kg/m²) underwent three experimental sessions lasting 60 minutes: 1) AVG; 2) sedentary video game (SVG); and 3) aerobic treadmill exercise (AE). Heart rate (HR) was measured before and during the sessions, every 10 minutes. BP measurements were performed before and after the sessions, every 10 minutes for a 60-minute recovery period. The intensity reached in the AVG session was 21.9% of maximum heart rate (MHR), which is considered to be a low intensity when compared to the AE (73.2% of MHR). The PEH values obtained in the AVG session were similar to those of the AE session for systolic BP, in which the greatest reduction was found for AVG at 60 min (-10.5 ± 5.0 mmHg) and for AE at 40 min (-15.7 ± 3.5 mmHg) (p <0.05). These findings differed from those obtained in the SVG session, whose highest systolic BP values were found to be 6.8 ± 3.2 mmHg (p <0.05). The diastolic PEH values (60 minutes post-exercise) did not differ significantly between the three sessions; however, there were higher PEH values in the AVG and AE sessions. Conclusion: An AVG session can acutely reduce BP as much as a treadmill exercise session. DESCRIPTORS Hypertension. Post-Exercise Hypotension. Video Games.

Caminhada/corrida ou uma partida de futebol recreacional apresentam efetividade semelhante na indução de hipotensão pós-exercício

INTRODUCTION: Aerobic exercises are the most investigated and recommended for the promotion of blood pressure reduction. However, is not yet clear how acyclical modalities (volleyball, soccer and others) may promote the post-exercise hypotension (PEH). OBJECTIVE: To compare the acute pressoric response of a soccer match with a walking/running session in recreational soccer practices. METHOD: Eight normotensive (59.7±5 years) and eight hypertensive subjects (57.3±7 years) had blood pressure (BP) monitored before the exercise sessions and during 30 minutes of recovery time. RESULTS: Soccer and walking/running promoted reduction of systolic BP of -13.8±11 and -6.8±9 mmHg respectively among the hypertensive, and -13.3±6 and -5.8±7 mmHg among the normotensive individuals. Diastolic BP was reduced to -8.8±5 and -2.8±4.8 mmHg for hypertensives, and -6.5±5 and -4.4±2 mmHg for normotensives. There were no significant differences between soccer and walking/running. CONCLUSION: Recreational soccer presents the same efficacy in promoting PEH as walking/running.