Thierry Moreno

Automatic alignment of a Kirkpatrick-Baez active optic by use of a soft-x-ray Hartmann wavefront sensor.

We present what we believe to be the first automatic alignment of a synchrotron beamline by the Hartmann technique. Experiments were performed, in the soft-x-ray range (E=3 keV, lambda=0.414 nm), by using a four-actuator Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) active optic. A system imaging the KB focal spot and a soft-x-ray Hartmann wavefront sensor were used alternatively to control the KB optic. The beam corrected with the help of the imaging system was used to calibrate the wavefront sensor. With both closed loops, we focused the beam into a 6.8 microm x 9 microm FWHM focal spot.

Metrology and Tests beamline at SOLEIL Design and first results

The objectives of this project is install at the 2.75 GeV SOLEIL synchrotron radiation source a calibration and metrology test facility for the R&D of optical components and detectors. We have build, on a bending magnet, two branches to cover an energy range from few eV to 28 keV and give access to white beam. This installation will first address the needs of the SOLEIL experimental groups (Optics and Detectors) and will be used by a large community. This beamline will also be valuable as a general‐purpose beamline to prepare, test and set up a wide range of experiments in the field of Astrophysics, laser plasma etc … A complementary important aspect of this installation is the realization of primary standard: the metrology beamline of SOLEIL could become the national primary standard source in collaboration with the Laboratoire National d’Essais (LNE) and help in the design and characterization of several diagnostics for the Megajoule Laser in Bordeaux in collaboration with the CEA DIF. The beamline has ...

Wavefront Closed‐Loop Correction for X‐Ray Microfocusing Active Optics

Automatic alignment of a synchrotron beamline by Hartmann technique was performed, in the soft X‐ray range (E = 3 keV, λ = 0.414 nm), using a 4‐actuators Kirkpatrick‐Baez (KB) active optic. A system imaging the KB focal spot and a soft X‐ray Hartmann wave‐front sensor were used alternatively to control the KB. The beam corrected with the help of the imaging system was used to calibrate the wave‐front sensor. With both closed loops, we focused the beam into a 6.8×9 μm2 FWHM focal spot. Closed‐loop corrections are limited by the optical quality of the imaging system.

A Shack-Hartmann measuring head for the two-dimensional characterization of X-ray mirrors.

The recent development of short-wavelength optics (X/EUV, synchrotrons) requires improved metrology techniques in terms of accuracy and curvature dynamic range. In this article a stitching Shack-Hartmann head dedicated to be mounted on translation stages for the characterization of X-ray mirrors is presented. The principle of the instrument is described and experimental results for an X-ray toroidal mirror are presented. Submicroradian performances can be achieved and systematic comparison with a classical long-trace profiler is presented. The accuracy and wide dynamic range of the Shack-Hartmann long-trace-profiler head allow two-dimensional characterizations of surface figure and curvature with a submillimeter spatial resolution.

The tomography beamline ANATOMIX at Synchrotron SOLEIL

ANATOMIX is a 200-m-long undulator beamline for full-field tomography techniques at photon energies from 5 to 25 keV. It is currently under construction at Synchrotron SOLEIL, the French national light source near Paris. ANATOMIX will feature experimental stations both for parallel-beam microtomography (with a beam of up to 40 mm width) and for zone-plate transmission X-ray microscopy (down to pixel sizes of 30 nm) in absorption and phase contrast. The location of ANATOMIX on a canted straight section of the SOLEIL storage ring implies specific challenges for the design and operation conditions of the beamline. In this paper we present general design aspects and the status of construction.

Optimized IR synchrotron beamline design.

Synchrotron infrared beamlines are powerful tools on which to perform spectroscopy on microscopic length scales but require working with large bending-magnet source apertures in order to provide intense photon beams to the experiments. Many infrared beamlines use a single toroidal-shaped mirror to focus the source emission which generates, for large apertures, beams with significant geometrical aberrations resulting from the shape of the source and the beamline optics. In this paper, an optical layout optimized for synchrotron infrared beamlines, that removes almost totally the geometrical aberrations of the source, is presented and analyzed. This layout is already operational on the IR beamline of the Brazilian synchrotron. An infrared beamline design based on a SOLEIL bending-magnet source is given as an example, which could be useful for future IR beamline improvements at this facility.

A new optical scheme for large‐extraction small‐aberration vacuum‐ultraviolet synchrotron radiation beamlines

Vacuum-ultraviolet radiation delivered by bending-magnet sources is used at numerous synchrotron radiation facilities worldwide. As bending-magnet radiation is inherently much less collimated compared with undulator sources, the generation of high-quality intense bending-magnet vacuum-ultraviolet photon beams is extremely demanding in terms of the optical layout due to the necessary larger collection apertures. In this article, an optimized optical layout which takes into account both the optical and electron beam properties is proposed. This layout delivers an improved beam emittance of over one order of magnitude compared with existing vacuum-ultraviolet bending-magnet beamlines that, up to now, do not take into account electron beam effects. The arrangement is made of two dedicated mirrors, a cylindrical and a cone-shaped one, that focus independently both the horizontal and the vertical emission of a bending-magnet source, respectively, and has been already successfully applied in the construction of the infrared beamline at the Brazilian synchrotron. Using this scheme, two vacuum-ultraviolet beamline designs based on a SOLEIL synchrotron bending-magnet source are proposed and analysed. They would be useful for future upgrades to the DISCO beamline at SOLEIL and could be readily implemented at other synchrotron radiation facilities.

In situ characterization of undulator magnetic fields

A new in situ method is proposed to characterize the peak magnetic fields of undulator sources. The X-ray beam emitted by the HU52 Apple-2 undulator of the DEIMOS beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron is analyzed using the Bragg diffraction of a Si(111) crystal. Measurements over the undulator gap range in linear horizontal polarization are compared with simulations in order to rebuild the Halbach function linking the undulator gaps to their peak magnetic fields. The method presented also allows information about the electron beam to be obtained.

Technical Report: X-ray Wave-Front Measurements and X-ray Active Optics

In 2002, under a close collaboration with the Center for X-ray Optics (CXRO), we used ALS beamline 12.0 to perform the first experimental demonstration of wave-front analysis via the Hartmann technique in the EUV spectral range.

Metrology and Tests Beamline at SOLEIL

The objectives of this project is to design and install at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation source a calibration and metrology test facility for the R&D of optical components and detectors. We propose to build, on a bending magnet, three branches dedicated to VUV, soft x‐ray and hard x‐ray energy ranges. The beamline will cover an energy range from few eV to 28 keV and give access to white beam from the bending magnet. This installation will first address the needs of the SOLEIL experimental groups (Optics and Detectors) and will be used by a large community. This beamline will also be valuable as a general‐purpose beamline to prepare, test and set up a wide range of experiments in the field of Astrophysics, laser plasma etc. A complementary important aspect of this installation is the realization of primary standard: the metrology beamline of SOLEIL could become the national primary standard source in collaboration with the Laboratoire National d’Essais (LNE) and help in the design and characterization o...