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Journal of Vascular Surgery | 2009

Prospective randomized trial of operative vs interventional treatment for renal artery ostial occlusive disease (RAOOD)

K. Balzer; Tomas Pfeiffer; Sebastian Rossbach; Adina Voiculescu; U. Mödder; Erhard Godehardt; W. Sandmann

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Patients with either renovascular hypertension (RVH) and/or renal insufficiency (RI) due to renal artery ostial occlusive disease (RAOOD) can successfully undergo an open surgical reconstruction procedure (OSRP), but since the publication of Blum et al(1) percutaneous balloon stent angioplasty (PTRA + stent) leaving a small part of the stent within the aorta has become very popular. However, balloon dilatation and stenting does not remove the atherosclerotic plaque, which is often heavily calcified but leads to disruption of the plaque causing myointimal hyperplasia and recurrent stenosis. Therefore, a comparison of the two treatment modalities concerning complications and durability in a prospective randomized design was felt to bring more insight to the discussion. METHODS From 1998 to 2004, we performed OSRP in 330 patients with RVH and/or RI for various locations of RAOOD. During this time period, 50 patients (female 18, male 32, mean age 64.4 years) with RAOOD of at least 70% stenosis (DSA and duplex criteria) in one or both renal arteries, who did not require other aorto/mesenteric/iliac reconstructive procedures agreed and were randomized to either OSRP (n = 25 patients, 49 arteries) or PTRA + stent (n = 25 patients, 28 arteries). Two patients crossed over to surgical treatment. Patients were followed on a regular basis for 4 years and longer. Endpoints were re-occurrence of RAOOD and impairment of either kidney function or RVH. RESULTS We approached 77 arteries. There was no early mortality in either group, but directly procedure-related morbidity was 13% in the interventional group and 4% in the surgical group. Four-year follow-up mortality was 18% in the interventional group and 25% in the surgical group. Both groups showed significant improvement of RVH (P < .001 in each group) as well as improvement or stabilization in patients with insufficient renal function. Freedom from recurrent RAOOD (>70%) was achieved in 90.1% of the surgical group and 79.9% of the interventional group. CONCLUSION Both treatment modalities showed good early results concerning RVH, kidney function, and renal perfusion. Despite a higher number of bilateral renal artery reconstructions in patients undergoing OSRP, which was probably due to the preferred technique of transaortic endarterectomy eliminating the plaque originating in the aorta and usually extending into both renal arteries, mortality was not higher and procedure-related morbidity was even lower compared to PTRA + stent. These findings and also longer durability of OSRP imply that surgical reconstruction remains the gold standard for patients with RAOOD before PTRA + stent may be considered.


Transplantation | 2003

Iliac artery stenosis proximal to a kidney transplant: Clinical findings, duplex-sonographic criteria, treatment, and outcome

Adina Voiculescu; Markus Hollenbeck; Jörg Plum; Gerd Rüdiger Hetzel; U. Mödder; Tomas Pfeiffer; W. Sandmann; Bernd Grabensee

Background. Stenosis of the iliac segment proximal to the transplant renal artery (Prox-TRAS) is an uncommon cause of graft dysfunction and hypertension. We assessed the role of duplex sonography (DS) in regard to clinical and angiographic findings and followed the patients after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), PTA stenting (PTAS), or surgery. Methods. From January 1988 to August 2001, 97 of 1,064 kidney recipients underwent angiography for clinical or Doppler-sonographic suspicion of vascular problems. Kidney function, blood pressure, medication, and DS findings after renal transplantation (RTx) at the time of diagnosis of Prox-TRAS and after treatment were evaluated. Results. Prox-TRAS was diagnosed in 16 patients (1.5%) (49.6±6.9 years). Four patients demonstrated early presentation of Prox-TRAS 1 to 7 days after RTx (group A), leading to acute renal failure but without hypertension. In all patients, DS revealed pulsus parvus et tardus, low pulsatility index (PI) (<1.0), and a pathologic flow profile in the iliac artery proximal and distal to the graft. After treatment (surgery in two patients, PTA in one patient, PTAS in one patient), all patients developed good renal function (creatinine 1.7±0.9 mg/dL). PI increased from 0.9±0.1 to 1.2±0.1 (P =0.04), and flow profile within the iliac artery distal to the graft normalized. Late presentation (3–209 months after RTx) of Prox-TRAS was observed in 12 patients (group B), causing an increase of creatinine in 11 patients (two patients receiving dialysis treatments), impairment of blood pressure (141±15 and 80.7±7 to 160±18 and 85±7 mm Hg, P =0.009), and an increase in antihypertensive drugs (2.1±1.1 and 4.3±1, P =0.003) in all patients. The PI was decreased when compared with values early after RTx (1.6±0.4 to 1.2±0.3, P =0.007), and flow profile in the iliac artery was pathologic. All patients except one were managed by surgery (n=6), PTA (n=1), or PTAS (n=4). Creatinine (2.7±1.4 to 1.8±0.4 mg/dL, P =0.02) and blood pressure (160±18/85±7 mm Hg to 138±7/82±9, P =0.018) improved. Antihypertensive drugs were reduced to 2.8±0.8 (P =0.01). PI increased from 1.2±0.3 to 1.9±0.5 (P =0.01). Flow profile within the iliac artery distal to the graft anastomosis normalized. Kidney function, blood pressure, and PI remained unchanged during follow-up (82±69.9 months) in both groups. Conclusions. Prox-TRAS is rare. Because clinical symptoms are similar to those of transplant renal artery stenosis, DS is a valuable tool for diagnosis and follow-up for this type of vascular lesion. Selective treatment with PTA, PTAS, or surgery improves kidney function and hypertension.


Chirurg | 2000

Ergebnisse der konventionellen chirurgischen Therapie des abdominellen Aortenaneurysmas seit Beginn der „endovasculären Ära“

Tomas Pfeiffer; Lutz Reiher; K. Grabitz; W. Sandmann

Summary.Introduction: In 1990 the new method of endovascular graft treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) emerged. For this reason we analyzed the results of open surgery for AAA in our department to consider the question of standard therapy. Methods: In a retrospective study the medical data of 941 consecutive patients treated by open surgery in a single center from 1990 to 1997 (mean age 67 years, 14.5 % female, 3.2 % suprarenal AAA) were analyzed. Operations were performed electively in 778 asymptomatic patients, urgently in 104 symptomatic patients, and as emergency operations (immediately after admission) in 59 symptomatic patients (45 patients presenting with rupture). Results: Mortality was 1.54 % (elective operations), 8.65 % (urgent operations), and 35.6 % (emergency operations, rupture). Morbidity was 15.9 % (elective operations), 28.8 % (urgent operations), and 66.7 % (emergency operations, rupture). Mortality was not increased in patients undergoing additional procedures of the renal, iliac, femoral, or crural arteries. Conclusion: Because of its low mortality and morbidity today open surgical repair remains the standard therapy for AAA.Zusammenfassung.Einleitung: Anfang der 90er Jahre kam die endovasculäre Stentimplantation als neuartige Methode zur Behandlung des abdominellen Aortenaneurysmas (AAA) auf. Dies bot uns Anlaß, die eigenen Ergebnisse der offenen Chirurgie des AAA zu überprüfen, um die Frage der Standardtherapie des AAA neu zu überdenken. Methoden: Die medizinischen Daten von 941 konsekutiven Patienten mit AAA, die in unserer Klinik von 1990–1997 offen chirurgisch behandelt wurden (Durchschnittsalter 67 Jahre, 6 % über 80 Jahre, 14,5 % Frauen, 3,2 % suprarenale AAA), wurden retrospektiv analysiert. 778 asymtomatische Patienten wurden elektiv, 104 symptomatische Patienten wurden dringlich, und 59 symptomatische Patienten (davon 45 mit Perforation) wurden als Notfall operiert. Ergebnisse: Die Letalität betrug bei elektiven Operationen 1,54 %, bei dringlichen Operationen 8,65 % und bei Notfällen mit perforiertem AAA (unverzügliche Operation nach Aufnahme in die Klinik) 35,6 %. Die Morbidität lag bei elektiven Eingriffen bei 15,9 %, bei dringlichen Operationen bei 28,8 % und bei Notfalloperationen mit perforiertem AAA bei 66,7 %. Für Patienten mit zusätzlichen Eingriffen an Nieren-, Becken- und Beinarterien sowie Kombinationseingriffen in anderen Operationsgebieten war die Letalität im Vergleich zum Durchschnitt nicht erhöht. Schlußfolgerung: Aufgrund der niedrigen Letalität und Morbidität stellt die offene Chirurgie auch heute den gültigen Standard der AAA-Behandlung dar.


Chirurg | 2002

Rekonstruktion der aortoiliakalen Strombahn bei Patienten nach Nierentransplantation Strategien zur Vermeidung einer ischämischen Transplantatschädigung

Tomas Pfeiffer; Hinrich Böhner; Bernd Luther; Adina Voiculescu; Bernd Grabensee; W. Sandmann

AbstractIntroduction. The rising life expectancy of patients undergoing kidney transplantation and the improvement in the function rate of the allografts have led to an increasing number of patients suffering from arteriosclerosis-related diseases of the aortoiliac arteries. In these particular cases, an interruption of the blood supply of the allograft is always necessary for operative repair of the aortic and iliac arteries. This means a high risk of ischemic damage to the transplanted kidney. Patients and methods. Between 1987 and 2000, 1,076 kidney transplantations were performed in our department. During this time, 14 reconstructive operations of the aortoiliac arteries were performed in 12 patients (6 women, 6 men, average age 55.2 (45–71) years). Operations were indicated in patients suffering from occlusive disease with imminent extremity or allograft loss, and symptomatic or asymptomatic aneurysms with a maximum diameter of more than 4 cm. In patients presenting with thoracoabdominal (1) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (3), protection of the transplanted kidney was performed by axilloiliac or axillofemoral bypass. Hypothermic flush-perfusion of the allograft containing PGE1 and heparin was performed in seven of nine operations for occlusive disease. Results. None of the patients presented with a permanent decrease in kidney function, six patients showed temporary creatinine elevation, and in nine patients creatinine levels at discharge were lower than they were preoperatively. None of the patients died. Conclusion. Reviewing all reported methods of allograft protection, we recommend a three-step strategy including sequential clamp technique (ischemia < 30 min.), hypothermic flush-perfusion (ischemia ≤ 60 min.), and temporary axilloiliac/femoral shunt (ischemia >60 min), depending on the expected renal ischemia time.ZusammenfassungHintergrund. Die Versorgung aortaler und iliakaler Aneurysmen und Verschlusserkrankungen bei Nierentransplantierten ist mit einer Unterbrechung der Blutzufuhr zur transplantierten Niere verbunden. Hieraus erwächst die Gefahr einer ischämischen Nierenschädigung. Patienten und Methoden. Von 1987–2000 wurden in unserer Klinik 1.076 Nierentransplantationen durchgeführt. Dabei erfolgten 14 rekonstruktive Eingriffe an der aortoiliakalen Strombahn bei 12 Patienten. Die Operationsindikationen ergaben sich aus extremitäten- oder nierenbedrohenden Verschlusserkrankungen, symptomatischen und asymptomatischen Aneurysmen. Bei Patienten mit thorakoabdominalem und abdominalem Aortenaneurysma erfolgte die Ischämieprotektion der Transplantatniere durch extrakorporalen temporären axilloiliakalen bzw. -femoralen Bypass. Sieben von 9 Eingriffen bei Verschlusserkrankungen wurden mit einer hypothermen Flushperfusion der Transplantatniere unter Zusatz von PGE1 und Heparin durchgeführt. Ergebnisse. In keinem Fall kam es zu einer dauerhaften Verschlechterung der Nierenfunktion, 6 Patienten wiesen eine passagere Kreatininerhöhung auf, bei 9 Patienten lagen die Kreatininwerte bei Entlassung unter dem präoperativen Wert. Kein Patient verstarb. Schlussfolgerung. Unter Berücksichtigung aller bekannten Verfahren empfehlen wir ein dreistufiges Therapiekonzept der Transplantatnierenprotektion, das sequenzielle Klemmtechnik, hypotherme Flushperfusion und temporären axilloiliakalen/-femoralen Shunt in Abhängigkeit von der Art des Eingriffs und der damit verbundenen zu erwartenden renalen Ischämiezeit umfasst.


Journal of Vascular Surgery | 2011

Long-term dilatation of polyester and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene tube grafts after open repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms

Peter L. Stollwerck; Bartosz Kozlowski; W. Sandmann; K. Grabitz; Tomas Pfeiffer

OBJECTIVES Since 1995, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts have been implemented in open surgical repair (OSR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and are supposed to show less dilatation than polyester grafts. This study examined differences in graft dilatation and clinical outcome. METHODS This single-center long-term, prospective randomized study monitored 99 consecutive patients after OSR of AAA. Implanted were 90 tube ePTFE Gore-Tex Stretch grafts, 56 tube Dacron grafts (Uni-Graft KDV, polyester, B. Braun, knitted), and 51 tube Dacron grafts (Gelseal Plus, polyester, Vascutek, triaxial knitted). Follow-up with ultrasound examination was performed at discharge, at 12 months, and at 6 years. RESULTS Patients were a mean age of 67 years. Thirty-day mortality was 2.5% (n = 5 of 199), without significant differences among the groups. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed 5-year survivals of 0.82 (ePTFE/Gore), 0.81 (polyester/Braun), and 0.83 (polyester/Vascutek). Mean ± standard deviation dilatation of the midgraft segment was 1% ± 5% (ePTFE/Gore), 10% ± 9% (polyester/Braun), and 7% ± 8% (polyester/Vascutek) (P ≤ .001) at discharge; 8% ± 11% (ePTFE/Gore), 24% ± 7% (polyester/Braun), and 20% ± 13% (polyester/Vascutek; P ≤ .001) after 12 months; and 19% ± 21% (ePTFE/Gore), 33% ± 22% (polyester/Braun), and 23% ± 19% (polyester/Vascutek; (P ≤ .001) after 6 years. No graft failure or rupture occurred. Graft patency was 100%. CONCLUSIONS After a mean implantation of 6 years, the ePTFE/Gore, polyester/Braun, and polyester/Vascutek tube grafts presented with significant differences. The ePTFE grafts showed a stronger resistance against dilatation than the two types of polyester grafts. Owing to similar perioperative and postoperative courses, no advantage could be identified in any group concerning the overall outcome. Vascular implants for OSR of AAA made of ePTFE and polyester are safe, even after a long implantation time. Therefore, the choice of the suitable graft does not depend on its postimplantation dilative characteristics. The outcome is not likely to be connected with dilatation of the implanted graft, because a causal connection between graft dilatation and death cannot be made. The study does not offer a basis for the preference of one of the three graft types. Nevertheless, continuous ultrasound examinations should be performed after implantation of an aortic tube graft to identify possible problems arising from changes in the graft and the residual vascular branches over time.


Herz | 2004

Management of patients with renal artery stenosis. Reappraisal of operative treatment

Tomas Pfeiffer; B. T. Müller; Rita Huber; Lutz Reiher; Sebastian Häfele; W. Sandmann

Zusammenfassung.Eine arterielle Hypertonie stellt häufig den ersten diagnostischen Hinweis auf das Vorliegen einer Nierenarterienstenose (NAST) dar. Geeignete Screeningmethoden zur Abklärung einer Hypertonie sind farbkodierte Duplexsonographie und Captoprilszintigraphie. Die Angiographie (intraarterielle digitale Subtraktionsangiographie) stellt den diagnostischen Goldstandard dar und ist Voraussetzung für die Wahl des invasiven Therapieverfahrens. Die Arteriosklerose ist im höheren Lebensalter die häufigste Ursache einer NAST. Bei jüngeren Patienten überwiegt die fibromuskuläre Dysplasie, von der fünf Haupttypen mit unterschiedlichen Prognosen und Therapieindikationen zu unterscheiden sind. Seltene Ursachen einer NAST sind Nierenarteriendissektion, Nierenarterienaneurysma mit kombinierten Stenosen sowie die meist im Kindes- und Jugendalter diagnostizierte „Coarctatio aortae abdominalis“ mit Hypoplasie der Viszeralarterien. Jede NAST, die hämodynamisch wirksam ist und eine renovaskuläre Hypertonie verursacht, sollte behandelt werden, wobei Nutzen und Risiko für den Patienten individuell abzuwägen sind. Ziele der Behandlung sind Besserung der Hypertonie und Erhalt der Nierenfunktion. Operative Verfahren, die nachfolgend erläutert werden, sind u. a. bei allen Patienten mit NAST, bei denen simultan weitere abdominale Gefäßeingriffe erforderlich sind (Bauchaortenaneurysmen, Stenosen oder Aneurysmen der aortoiliakalen oder viszeralen Arterien), indiziert. Bei arteriosklerotischen ostialen und ostiumnahen NAST stellen Angioplastie (PTA) und Operation (in der Regel transaortale Thrombendarteriektomie) derzeit konkurrierende Verfahren dar, wobei aufgrund eigener Erfahrungen die Langzeitergebnisse der operativen Therapie besser sind. Beide Methoden werden derzeit im Rahmen einer randomisierten Studie in unserer Klinik verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der operativen Therapie der Nierenarterien sind durchweg gut, das Operationsrisiko ist insbesondere für isolierte Eingriffe an den Nierenarterien niedrig. Die Resultate der eigenen Klinik werden nachfolgend dargelegt.Abstract.Arterial hypertension is most often the first symptom of renal artery stenosis (RAS). Appropriate screening methods for the diagnostic workup of hypertension are colour-coded duplex ultrasound and captopril scintigraphy. Angiography (intraarterial digital subtraction angiography) represents the diagnostic “gold standard”, which is the prerequisite for the selection of the most suitable therapeutic method. Atherosclerosis is the most common disease in elderly patients presenting with RAS. In younger patients, fibromuscular dysplasia is more frequent. Five main types with different prognosis and therapeutic indications can be classified. Rare causes of RAS are dissection, renal artery aneurysm with combined stenosis, and especially in children and adolescents middle aortic syndrome with hypoplasia of the visceral arteries. Every patient with RAS of hemodynamic relevance in the presence of hypertension should be treated, whereas therapeutic risk and benefit must be weighed up individually. Aims are the improvement of hypertension and the maintenance of renal function. Surgical techniques, which are described subsequently, are indicated in all patients who need further simultaneous treatment of the abdominal vessels (abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortoiliac or visceral artery stenosis or aneurysm, respectively). In atherosclerotic ostial stenoses, angioplasty (PTA) and open surgery (normally transaortic endarterectomy) are concurrent methods. In our experience, the long-term results of surgical reconstruction seem to be superior. Both procedures are subject to an ongoing randomized study in our department. The outcome of surgical treatment for RAS is satisfying, the operative risk especially in isolated renal artery lesions is negligible.


Herz | 2004

Therapie der Nierenarterienstenosen

Tomas Pfeiffer; B. T. Müller; Rita Huber; Lutz Reiher; Sebastian Häfele; W. Sandmann

Zusammenfassung.Eine arterielle Hypertonie stellt häufig den ersten diagnostischen Hinweis auf das Vorliegen einer Nierenarterienstenose (NAST) dar. Geeignete Screeningmethoden zur Abklärung einer Hypertonie sind farbkodierte Duplexsonographie und Captoprilszintigraphie. Die Angiographie (intraarterielle digitale Subtraktionsangiographie) stellt den diagnostischen Goldstandard dar und ist Voraussetzung für die Wahl des invasiven Therapieverfahrens. Die Arteriosklerose ist im höheren Lebensalter die häufigste Ursache einer NAST. Bei jüngeren Patienten überwiegt die fibromuskuläre Dysplasie, von der fünf Haupttypen mit unterschiedlichen Prognosen und Therapieindikationen zu unterscheiden sind. Seltene Ursachen einer NAST sind Nierenarteriendissektion, Nierenarterienaneurysma mit kombinierten Stenosen sowie die meist im Kindes- und Jugendalter diagnostizierte „Coarctatio aortae abdominalis“ mit Hypoplasie der Viszeralarterien. Jede NAST, die hämodynamisch wirksam ist und eine renovaskuläre Hypertonie verursacht, sollte behandelt werden, wobei Nutzen und Risiko für den Patienten individuell abzuwägen sind. Ziele der Behandlung sind Besserung der Hypertonie und Erhalt der Nierenfunktion. Operative Verfahren, die nachfolgend erläutert werden, sind u. a. bei allen Patienten mit NAST, bei denen simultan weitere abdominale Gefäßeingriffe erforderlich sind (Bauchaortenaneurysmen, Stenosen oder Aneurysmen der aortoiliakalen oder viszeralen Arterien), indiziert. Bei arteriosklerotischen ostialen und ostiumnahen NAST stellen Angioplastie (PTA) und Operation (in der Regel transaortale Thrombendarteriektomie) derzeit konkurrierende Verfahren dar, wobei aufgrund eigener Erfahrungen die Langzeitergebnisse der operativen Therapie besser sind. Beide Methoden werden derzeit im Rahmen einer randomisierten Studie in unserer Klinik verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der operativen Therapie der Nierenarterien sind durchweg gut, das Operationsrisiko ist insbesondere für isolierte Eingriffe an den Nierenarterien niedrig. Die Resultate der eigenen Klinik werden nachfolgend dargelegt.Abstract.Arterial hypertension is most often the first symptom of renal artery stenosis (RAS). Appropriate screening methods for the diagnostic workup of hypertension are colour-coded duplex ultrasound and captopril scintigraphy. Angiography (intraarterial digital subtraction angiography) represents the diagnostic “gold standard”, which is the prerequisite for the selection of the most suitable therapeutic method. Atherosclerosis is the most common disease in elderly patients presenting with RAS. In younger patients, fibromuscular dysplasia is more frequent. Five main types with different prognosis and therapeutic indications can be classified. Rare causes of RAS are dissection, renal artery aneurysm with combined stenosis, and especially in children and adolescents middle aortic syndrome with hypoplasia of the visceral arteries. Every patient with RAS of hemodynamic relevance in the presence of hypertension should be treated, whereas therapeutic risk and benefit must be weighed up individually. Aims are the improvement of hypertension and the maintenance of renal function. Surgical techniques, which are described subsequently, are indicated in all patients who need further simultaneous treatment of the abdominal vessels (abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortoiliac or visceral artery stenosis or aneurysm, respectively). In atherosclerotic ostial stenoses, angioplasty (PTA) and open surgery (normally transaortic endarterectomy) are concurrent methods. In our experience, the long-term results of surgical reconstruction seem to be superior. Both procedures are subject to an ongoing randomized study in our department. The outcome of surgical treatment for RAS is satisfying, the operative risk especially in isolated renal artery lesions is negligible.


Archivos españoles de urología | 2010

Renal Artery Aneurysm

Lutz Reiher; Tomas Pfeiffer; W. Sandmann

A 45-year-old woman presented with a 10-year history of arterial hypertension. After initially successful conservative therapy with two antihypertensive drugs, arterial blood pressure was not controlled well during the last months. To exclude a renovascular origin of hypertension, an angiography was performed, which showed fibrodysplastic disease of the right renal artery with several stenotic segments and aneurysms (Fig. 9.1).


Herz | 2004

Therapie der Nierenarterienstenosen@@@Management of Patients with Renal Artery Stenosis. Reappraisal of Operative Treatment

Tomas Pfeiffer; Barbara Theresia Mller; Rita Huber; Lutz Reiher; Sebastian Hfele; W. Sandmann

Zusammenfassung.Eine arterielle Hypertonie stellt häufig den ersten diagnostischen Hinweis auf das Vorliegen einer Nierenarterienstenose (NAST) dar. Geeignete Screeningmethoden zur Abklärung einer Hypertonie sind farbkodierte Duplexsonographie und Captoprilszintigraphie. Die Angiographie (intraarterielle digitale Subtraktionsangiographie) stellt den diagnostischen Goldstandard dar und ist Voraussetzung für die Wahl des invasiven Therapieverfahrens. Die Arteriosklerose ist im höheren Lebensalter die häufigste Ursache einer NAST. Bei jüngeren Patienten überwiegt die fibromuskuläre Dysplasie, von der fünf Haupttypen mit unterschiedlichen Prognosen und Therapieindikationen zu unterscheiden sind. Seltene Ursachen einer NAST sind Nierenarteriendissektion, Nierenarterienaneurysma mit kombinierten Stenosen sowie die meist im Kindes- und Jugendalter diagnostizierte „Coarctatio aortae abdominalis“ mit Hypoplasie der Viszeralarterien. Jede NAST, die hämodynamisch wirksam ist und eine renovaskuläre Hypertonie verursacht, sollte behandelt werden, wobei Nutzen und Risiko für den Patienten individuell abzuwägen sind. Ziele der Behandlung sind Besserung der Hypertonie und Erhalt der Nierenfunktion. Operative Verfahren, die nachfolgend erläutert werden, sind u. a. bei allen Patienten mit NAST, bei denen simultan weitere abdominale Gefäßeingriffe erforderlich sind (Bauchaortenaneurysmen, Stenosen oder Aneurysmen der aortoiliakalen oder viszeralen Arterien), indiziert. Bei arteriosklerotischen ostialen und ostiumnahen NAST stellen Angioplastie (PTA) und Operation (in der Regel transaortale Thrombendarteriektomie) derzeit konkurrierende Verfahren dar, wobei aufgrund eigener Erfahrungen die Langzeitergebnisse der operativen Therapie besser sind. Beide Methoden werden derzeit im Rahmen einer randomisierten Studie in unserer Klinik verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der operativen Therapie der Nierenarterien sind durchweg gut, das Operationsrisiko ist insbesondere für isolierte Eingriffe an den Nierenarterien niedrig. Die Resultate der eigenen Klinik werden nachfolgend dargelegt.Abstract.Arterial hypertension is most often the first symptom of renal artery stenosis (RAS). Appropriate screening methods for the diagnostic workup of hypertension are colour-coded duplex ultrasound and captopril scintigraphy. Angiography (intraarterial digital subtraction angiography) represents the diagnostic “gold standard”, which is the prerequisite for the selection of the most suitable therapeutic method. Atherosclerosis is the most common disease in elderly patients presenting with RAS. In younger patients, fibromuscular dysplasia is more frequent. Five main types with different prognosis and therapeutic indications can be classified. Rare causes of RAS are dissection, renal artery aneurysm with combined stenosis, and especially in children and adolescents middle aortic syndrome with hypoplasia of the visceral arteries. Every patient with RAS of hemodynamic relevance in the presence of hypertension should be treated, whereas therapeutic risk and benefit must be weighed up individually. Aims are the improvement of hypertension and the maintenance of renal function. Surgical techniques, which are described subsequently, are indicated in all patients who need further simultaneous treatment of the abdominal vessels (abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortoiliac or visceral artery stenosis or aneurysm, respectively). In atherosclerotic ostial stenoses, angioplasty (PTA) and open surgery (normally transaortic endarterectomy) are concurrent methods. In our experience, the long-term results of surgical reconstruction seem to be superior. Both procedures are subject to an ongoing randomized study in our department. The outcome of surgical treatment for RAS is satisfying, the operative risk especially in isolated renal artery lesions is negligible.


Chirurg | 2004

[Interdisciplinary operative procedure-pelvis and abdomen].

W. Sandmann; K. Grabitz; Bernd Luther; B. T. Müller; Tomas Pfeiffer

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel kurativer Tumorchirurgie im Bereich des Abdomens, des Retroperitoneums und in der Beckenregion wird erschwert bei Ausdehnung auf vaskuläre Strukturen. Wenngleich gefäßchirurgische Prinzipien zur Basisausbildung aller operativer Disziplinen gehören sollten, erfordert der Gefäßersatz in speziellen Situationen besondere Techniken und einschlägige Erfahrungen, welche gewöhnlich nicht Bestandteil der viszeralchirurgischen Ausbildung sind. Mit Hilfe der modernen Bildgebung, mit der sich die Überschreitung von Organgrenzen und anatomischen Regionen routinemäßig feststellen lässt, kann die operative Strategie festgelegt und der Einsatz gefäßrekonstruktiver Methoden geplant werden. Anhand von Negativbeispielen und unter Hinweis auf grenzüberschreitende Tumorlokalisation wird ein Plädoyer für das interdisziplinäre Vorgehen gehalten. AbstractSurgery for tumors in the abdomen, retroperitoneum, and pelvis requires technical skills and expertise sometimes beyond the capability of a single surgeon. This holds especially true if curative tumor resection involves replacement of arteries and veins, which needs careful planning to avoid long periods of ischemia, and the selection and provision of vascular substitutes according to anatomical position, postsurgical therapy, and adjuncts to avoid thrombosis and infection of vascular grafts. Since the works of Fortner, the value of close collaboration between general and vascular surgeons has been demonstrated, but many of the former even today continue to attempt the operation alone, although the result is not always a masterpiece. The authors refer to their experience in major tumor surgery in either the single management of vascular complications or collaboration. The potential value of close collaboration is presented by negative examples, and a plea is made for a less “eminence”-based management of these sometimes difficult cases, which is based on vast positive experience with vascular diseases of the aorta and the visceral and iliac arteries and veins, including safety measures and adjuncts.

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W. Sandmann

University of Düsseldorf

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Lutz Reiher

University of Düsseldorf

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B. T. Müller

University of Düsseldorf

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K. Grabitz

University of Düsseldorf

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Bernd Grabensee

University of Düsseldorf

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Rita Huber

University of Düsseldorf

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Bernd Luther

University of Düsseldorf

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K. Balzer

University of Düsseldorf

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