Pablo Wenderson Ribeiro Coutinho

Establishment of intercropping of beet and chicory depending on soil management

This study aimed to evaluate the productivity and quality characteristics of beet and chicory based on management of straw and intercropping period of establishment. The experiment was conducted in the organic horticulture sector of UNIOESTE, in a design of randomized blocks with four replications, where the treatments were arranged in 2 x 5 and 2 x 8 factorial schemes. The first factorial consisted of the straw mulch management (with and without incorporation of the gray velvet bean straw) and the intercropping period of establishments and beet and chicory monocrops (0; 7; 14 and 21 days after transplanting beet). The second factorial was composed of the straw mulch management (with and without incorporation) and the cultivation of chicory intercropped with beet and in monocrop at the same periods. The chicory interfered in beet’s productivity when the transplant occurred at the same period. The beet cultivation in a intercropping contributed positively to the better use of the area in the two management systems, influencing in a positive way the agronomic characteristics of the crop, but without compromising the commercial quality of the crops, that were agronomically viable, considering the UET index.

ALTERNATIVAS DE REMEDIAÇÃO E DESCONTAMINAÇÃO DE SOLOS: BIORREMEDIAÇÃO E FITORREMEDIAÇÃO

Esta revisao demonstra os principais mecanismos de remediacao de solos contaminados envolvidos pela biorremediacao e pela fitorremediacao e aborda fatores determinantes para o sucesso das mesmas. A biorremediacao consiste no uso de microrganismos capazes de transformar contaminantes em substâncias menos toxicas, e pode ocorrer tanto in situ, quanto ex situ. Para que o processo de biorremediacao ocorra de forma eficiente, os microrganismos devem estar presentes em grandes quantidades e possuir habilidade de degradacao do composto. A fitorremediacao e um metodo de descontaminacao in situ que envolve mecanismos como a fitoextracao, fitotransformacao, fitoestimulacao e fitoestabilizacao. O sucesso da fitorremediacao depende de plantas que possuam determinadas caracteristicas, entre as quais, boa capacidade de absorcao, sistema radicular profundo, acelerada taxa de crescimento, facilidade de colheita e ampla resistencia ao poluente. Biorremediacao de fitorremediacao tem sido estudadas nas condicoes brasileiras e tem mostrado grande potencial, visto que o Brasil e um pais com enorme diversidade, o que amplia as possibilidades de utilizacao das mesmas.

Productivity and Qualitative Characteristics of Varieties of Beets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, biometric and productivity of beet cultivars. The experiment was conducted in random blocks with four repetition. The treatments were six beet cultivars: Maravilha, Merlot, Kestrel, Itapua 202, Chata do Egito and Tall Top Early Wonder. These cultivars were evaluated for plant height, leaf number, diameter and length of root, average mass of root and fresh weight of shoot, the root shape index, productivity, the soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, pH and anthocyanin content. The highest average root masses and productivity were observed for the cultivars Maravilha e Tall Top Early Wonder, being similar to Itapua 202 cultivars and the Boring Egypt. For quality characteristics there was no difference between cultivars for the soluble solids and pH, this was not the same behavior for titratable acidity and ratio. The highest anthocyanin content were observed in cultivars Merlot, Kestrel and Chata do Egito. The cultivars Chata do Egito presented the best productivity and quality characteristics, for the factors and elements of the elapsed year climate.

Photosynthetic Efficiency in Aroeira and Cedro After the Application of Salicylic Acid

The objective of this research was to quantify the photosynthetic efficiency of Cedrela fissilis and Schinus terebinthifolius seedlings after application of salicylic acid for eight weeks. The experimental design was completely randomized, composed of four treatments, with five replicates of 20 seedlings each. The treatments consisted of increasing doses of the salicylic acid solution: 0, 100, 200, 300 mg L-1. The solution was composed of salicylic acid, deionized water and adjuvant and applied with hand sprayer, weekly for 2 months. The parameters evaluated after the application of the acid consisted of the rate of CO2 assimilation, leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration, as well as water use efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. In seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius there was a reduction of the photosynthetic parameters and consequently a better use of water as the doses of the plant growth regulator were increased. In the seedlings of Cedrela fissilis the dose of 200 mg L-1 resulted in greater CO2 fixation per molecule of water lost and in this sense, it can be inferred that the increase in the doses of salicylic acid improved the photosynthetic efficiency, but the use of water was lower. Thus, for both species, lower doses are more recommended because there must be a balance between the fixed amount of CO2, the plant generated from photoassimilates and the amount of water lost, in order not to generate a negative potential in the plant metabolism.

Production of Lettuce Seedlings with Association of Diazotrophic Bacteria and Humic Acids

The objective of this work was to verify the responses in agronomic and physiological characters of lettuce seedlings when submitted to different doses of humic acids and the presence or absence of inoculation of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out at the Protected Cultivation Station and Biological Control Teacher Mario Cesar Lopes, belonging to the Experimental Stations Nucleus of the State University of the West of Parana. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four repetitions, totaling 40 plots. The first factor consisted of five solutions containing humic acid (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%) and the second factor was the presence or absence of the diazotrophic bacterium Azospirillum brasilense obtained by commercial product. Germination tests were carried out in addition to the determination of agronomic characters such as the number of fully expanded leaves, plant height, stem diameter, main root length, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and Dickson quality index. The association of diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids did not influence the emergency rate, mean emergence time, mean speed of emergency, emergence speed index, plant height, and root length of lettuce seedlings. The dilutions of humic acids, regardless of inoculation with bacteria diazotrophic favored the development of the number of leaves, stem diameter and Dickson quality index. Inoculation of lettuce seeds with diazotrophic bacteria associated with the addition of humic acids, favored the development of the dry mass of root and total dry matter.

Aspectos nutricionais da bovinocultura leiteira do município de irituia-pa

A exigencia diaria em nutrientes e energia pelo animal e determinada pelo nivel de producao, peso corporal, estadio fisiologico e pela interacao com o ambiente. Em sistemas de manejo voltados a maximizar a producao dos animais, vacas em lactacao necessitam de alimento em quantidade e qualidade para que atinjam os desafios fisiologicos a que sao submetidas, para obtencao de indices zootecnicos satisfatorios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a nutricao dos bovinos leiteiros do municipio de Irituia, bem como avaliar o perfil dos pecuaristas da regiao. Onde foi realizado um diagnostico partitivo e analise qualitativa da producao leiteira do municipio. Os produtores do polo leiteiro apresentaram resultados relevantes em suas producoes apesar de todas as limitacoes encontradas e rusticidade tecnica no qual suas producoes se encontram.

MÉTODOS DE MELHORAMENTO GENÉTICO NO GIRASSOL

Buscando teores de oleos cada vez mais elevados, maior resistencia a pragas e doencas, resistencia a salinidade, o melhoramento do girassol vem sendo empregado utilizando novas tecnologias alem dos metodos tradicionais presentes nos campos de pesquisa. Onde dentre esses metodos, os utilizados no girassol, constituem basicamente por meio do uso de selecao massal, selecao recorrente e principalmente metodo de reservas ou de Putoivit para a obtencao de linhagens puras, quando que obtidas, sao incluidas nos metodos genealogico e bulk para a obtencao do produto comercial desejado. Dentre os principais componentes do sistema de melhoramento, a escolha adequada de cultivares influencia diretamente na interacao genotipos x ambientes pode ser reduzida por meio de estudos de adaptabilidade e estabilidade dos genotipos. Com isso este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar as caracteristicas do girassol, seus aspectos botânicos e edafoclimaticos, os objetivos buscados em seu melhoramento e os principais metodos utilizados na pesquisa.

METIL JASMONATO E FLEXÕES CAULINARES NA RUSTIFICAÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE Cordia trichotoma

The submission of seedlings to mechanical stimuli and plant growth regulator promote their hardening and can be included in the routine of nurseries, favoring the survival and initial growth in the field. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of applying methyl jasmonate and stem bending in hardening and initial growth of Cordia trichotoma seedlings. Seedlings were subjected to 20 stem bending daily for 4 weeks; 20 stem bending daily for 8 weeks; 50 µmol.L-1 of methyl jasmonate applied weekly for 4 weeks; 50 µmol.L-1 of methyl jasmonate applied weekly for 8 weeks and the control treatment. The design was a completely randomized, with five repetitions of the fourteen seedlings. Seedlings submitted to hardening treatments showed less increment in height, greater increment in stem diameter and less value for strength index. Seedlings of control treatment had greater loss of root tissue electrolytes and less potential for root regeneration. In the field, 180 days after planting, seedlings submitted to eight weeks of stem bending and eight methyl jasmonate applications showed greater increment in height and stem diameter. The results indicate that both stem bending such as methyl jasmonate application for eight weeks are effective in promoting hardening and improve the starting performance in field of Cordia trichotomaseedlings.