V.L. Voeikov

Water: A medium where dissipative structures are produced by a coherent dynamics

The Belousov-Zhabotinsky phenomenon is analyzed in a framework where the dynamics of dissipative structures outlined by Prigogine is implemented through the collective dynamics produced in liquid water by Quantum Electrodynamics, which has received recently some experimental support. A mechanism allowing the appearance of self-produced oscillations is suggested.

Biological Significance of Active Oxygen-Dependent Processes in Aqueous Systems

Water actively participates in bioenergetics and bioregulation. It is essential for purposeful production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and extracellular matrix. Due to specific structuring of water it itself may serve the source of free radicals and initiate reactions with their participation. On the other hand water structuring provides for its direct oxidation with oxygen. Processes going on in aqueous systems in which ROS participate are the sources of high grade energy of electronic excitation which is not easily and uselessly dissipated in aqueous milieu of living systems but rather can be accumulated, concentrated, and used as energy of activation for the performance of biochemical reactions. Such processes spontaneously acquire oscillatory character and may serve as pacemakers for biochemical reactions dependent on them. Thus due to its unique structural-dynamic properties water may serve as a transformer of energy from low density to high density form, may accumulate the former and use it for organization and support of vital activity

Coherent structures in liquid water close to hydrophilic surfaces

Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) predicts the occurrence of a number of coherent dynamical phenomena in liquid water. In the present paper we focus our attention on the joint coherent oscillation of the almost free electrons produced by the coherent oscillation of the electron clouds of water molecules, which has been described in previous publications, and of the negative electric charges lying on the solid surfaces wet by water. This joint coherent oscillation gives rise to a number of phenomenological consequences which are found to exist in the physical reality and coincide with the layers of Exclusion Zone (EZ) water experimentally observed close to hydrophilic surfaces.

Synchronous Changes in Dark Current Fluctuations in Two Separate Photomultipliers in Relation to Earth Rotation

We recorded the fluctuations of the dark current in two photomultipliers located 2000 km from each other in different time zones (in International Institute of Biophysics (Neuss, Germany) and in Moscow State University(Moscow, Russia)). We studied the fluctuations by distribution of their amplitudes (histograms of data). Comparison of the histograms obtained in both locations revealed the higher probability of the similarity of the histogram shape for the measurements done at the same local time. This observation is in a good agreement with similar correlations we have previously found in different spatially separated processes. These data suggest that some cosmophysical factors affect many fluctuations processes observed on the Earth.

A paradoxical effect of hydrated C60-fullerene at an ultralow concentration on the viability and aging of cultured Chinese hamster cells

The effect of an aqueous solution of hydrated C60-fullerene (HyFn) on the growth and “stationary phase aging” (accumulation of “age-related” changes in cultured cells during the slowing down of their proliferation within a single passage and the subsequent “aging” in the stationary phase of growth) of transformed B11-dii FAF28 Chinese hamster cells was studied. The final calculated concentration of HyFn in the growth medium was 10−19 M. A paradoxical result contrasting the available data on the absence of HyFn cytotoxicity at higher concentrations was obtained in our experiments: namely, HyFn decelerated cell proliferation (estimated by the growth of mass culture, as well as by the efficiency of colony formation) and accelerated the “stationary phase aging” of the cell culture. Moreover, repeated addition of an aqueous solution of HyFn (to the final calculated concentration of 10−19 M) to the cells that had already reached the stationary phase of growth caused a rapid (within no more than 24 h) death of a significant part of the cell population. The observed effect of HyFn at ultralow concentration is supposed to arise from the alterations in the properties of the water surrounding the fullerene molecule: namely, water becomes a donor and acceptor of electrons and regulates redox processes (especially those involving oxygen) in aqueous systems. This effect of HyFn at an ultralow concentration may be specific for transformed cells, and, therefore, experiments on normal fibroblasts with limited mitotic potential are planned as a continuation of the present study. It is also possible that the reported antiaging effect of HyFn in experimental animals is due to its anticancer, immunostimulatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties manifested only at the whole-organism level.

ACTIVATED BICARBONATE SOLUTIONS AS MODELS OF CONFINED ONTIC OPEN SYSTEM AND PROTOTYPES OF LIVING RESPIRING SYSTEMS

Addition of H 2 O 2 in sub-millimolar concentrations to 1–5 mM Na/K-bicarbonate solutions initiates in them a process accompanied with low-level photon emission amplified with luminol. Photon emission lasts without decay for many months in samples isolated from air and ambient light. Photon emission intensity reveals monthly and circadian rhythms. Amplitude of photon emission intensity from test-tubes filled with active solutions increases two- to threefold on periods coinciding with the eclipses of the moon and the sun. Preparations of water-soluble fullerenes in dilutions equivalent to their concentrations 10 –13 , 10 –15 and 10 –19 –10 –20 M increased photon emission two- to threefold while intermediate dilutions affected it much weaker. We suggest that addition of H 2 O 2 to aqueous bicarbonate solutions initiates in them cyclic chain reactions in which water is oxidized with oxygen. Bicarbonate may stabilize these cyclic reactions due to its ability to participate in free radical reactions. Extremely long-lasting photon emission (high density electromagnetic energy) from activated bicarbonate solutions indicates that they reside in stable non-equilibrium (excited) state supported presumably by continuous efflux of low density (electromagnetic) energy from the environment. Such systems may represent a model of Confined Ontic Open Systems able to transform low grade energy into high grade energy. It is notable that bicarbonate is the necessary constituent of cytoplasm of aerobic cells and of important biological liquids, in particular of blood plasma. Normal and healing drinking waters also usually represent bicarbonate solutions.

New Oscillatory Process in Aqueous Solutions of Compounds Containing Carbonyl and Amino Groups1

Frequency-correlated oscillations of chemiluminescence and the redox potential are observed during the amino-carbonyl reaction, which occurs in aqueous solutions of methylglyoxal and various amino-containing compounds (ethanolamine, glycine, and β-alanine) at room temperature. The duration and amplitude of oscillations depend on the composition and concentration of the starting reactants, pH, stirring, and surface area through which oxygen diffuses into the system.

Primary structure of bovine cerebellum GTP-binding protein G39 and its effect on the adenylate cyclase system

The primary structure of bovine cerebellum GTP‐binding protein α‐subunit, protein G39 was determined by parallel analysis of the protein amino acid sequence and the corresponding cDNA nucleotide sequence. The protein consists of 354 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 40064 Da. High homology between G39 and other G‐proteins, especially rat brain Go was shown. An assumption is made that certain brain adenylate cyclase system properties are determined by the presence of G39.

Mitogenetic Radiation, Biophotons and Non-Linear Oxidative Processes in Aqueous Media

Mitogenetic radiation (MGR), discovered by A. G. Gurwitsch, gave birth to the field of biophotonics that is now energetically developing. However, most facts of unique properties of MGR and of processes in which they originate, of the surprising discoveries made during several decades of intensive MGR research, are practically forgotten. Present-day biophotonics may gain a lot for its further development from discoveries and insights made at that time. In particular, it was discovered that usual enzymatic reactions are followed with MGR, that MGR emission from aqueous solutions of simple amino acids is correlated with spontaneous polypeptide synthesis, that substances possessing specific enzymatic activities may self-reproduce in such solutions. All these processes crucially depend on oxygen (and in some cases on illumination with visible light). An extremely sensitive analytical method — MGR spectral analysis — helped to show that branched chain reactions with the participation of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals serve as energy sources for the emergence of high energy mitogenetic photons. All these amazing phenomena are discussed, in particular here in relation to the growing understanding of the important role of reactive oxygen species and their reactions taking place in aqueous milieu for bioenergetics and bioinformatics.

The stable nonequilibrium state of bicarbonate aqueous systems

Data obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and chemiluminescence analysis indicate that in aqueous solutions of bicarbonates, superoxide radical and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly produced. The stationary level of the superoxide radical is found to increase when a solution is illuminated. Reactions involving ROS are shown to be accompanied by the generation of electron excitation energy, keeping bicarbonate solutions in a stable nonequilibrium state. The system can emit part of this energy. Variations in emitting activity are found to correlate with variations in the cosmophysical factors. The emitting activity of solutions is found to vary in the presence of low and ultralow concentrations of hydrated fullerenes. It is noted that the phenomenon of spontaneous charge separation in aqueous systems (G. H. Pollack) could play a role in maintaining a stable nonequilibrium state in bicarbonate systems where the reactions with ROS participation are catalyzed by forms of carbonate. It is concluded that the abovementioned properties of bicarbonate aqueous systems most likely keep living matter whose structural basis is formed by these systems in a stable excited state, thereby making it highly sensitive to the action of external factors with low and ultralow intensities.