Vagner G. Cortez

Diversity of Brazilian Fungi

Ate 2010, o conhecimento sobre a diversidade de fungos do Brasil estava registrado em publicacoes esparsas de taxonomia e ecologia e em algumas poucas listas de especies. Com a publicacao do Catalogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil, e a disponibilizacao da lista online, tem sido possivel agregar o conhecimento disperso. A versao ora apresentada acrescenta 2.111 nomes de especies aos 3.608 listados em 2010. Sao citadas 5.719 especies de fungos distribuidas em 1.246 generos, 102 ordens e 13 divisoes, consistindo em consideravel aumento em relacao a 2010, quando estavam registrados 924 generos e 78 ordens. Predominam os Basidiomycota (2.741 especies, em 22 ordens) e Ascomycota (1.881 especies, em 41 ordens). A Mata Atlântica possui a maior quantidade de registros, com 3.017 especies, seguido pela Amazonia (1.050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) e Pampa e Pantanal com 84 e 35 especies, respectivamente. A regiao Nordeste tem a maior riqueza (2.617 especies), seguida pelo Sudeste (2.252), Sul (1.995), Norte (1.301) e Centro Oeste (488 especies). Em relacao aos Estados da Federacao, Sao Paulo (1.846 especies), Pernambuco (1.611) e Rio Grande do Sul (1.377) sao os mais diversos.

Gasteroid mycobiota of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Calvatia, Gastropila and Langermannia (Lycoperdaceae)

SummaryThe diversity of the lycoperdaceous genera Calvatia, Gastropila and Langermannia in the mycobiota of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil) was investigated. These genera are considered distinct, based on the structure of the gleba and subgleba, and basidiospore characters. The following taxa were identified in the area: Calvatia cyathiformis, C. cyathiformis var. chilensis, C. fragilis, C. rugosa, Gastropila fragilis, Langermannia bicolor and L. bicolor var. cirrifera comb. et stat. nov. The generic and specific taxonomic limits are discussed, as well as their distribution and ecological data. Macroscopic photographs, line drawings of microstructures and SEM micrographs of the basidiospores are presented.

Hypoxylon (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota) from Western Paraná, Brazil

Hypoxylon is one of the most specious genera in Xylariaceae, whose species are saprobes or facultative parasites. In a survey of the Hypoxylon species from Parque Estadual de São Camilo, municipality of the Palotina, West region of Paraná State (24°18′00″–24°19′30″S and 53°53′30″–53°55′30″W). Twelve taxa were found: H. anthochroum, H. griseobrunneum, H. lenormandii, H. monticulosum, Hypoxylonpeleae, H. cf. pilgerianum, H. rickii, H rubigineoareolatum, H. rubiginosum, H. subgilvum, H. subrutilum, and Hypoxylon vinaceobrunneum. Among these, H. vinaceobrunneum is proposed as new species, based on the following characters: surface effused-pulvinate, brown vinaceous; without apparent KOH-extractable pigments or with dilute grayish sepia; ostioles slightly papillate; ascospores light brown to brown, 7–10xa0×xa03–3.5xa0µm, with slightly germ slit shorter than the spore-length. H. peleae is new to South America, whereas H. griseobrunneum is new to Brazil, and all the remaining taxa are newly reported from the State of Paraná or Southern Brazil. Key for the identification, morphological descriptions, and illustrations are presented for all species.

Further notes on the morphology and distribution of Neopaxillus echinospermus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Southern Brazil

Neopaxillus echinospermus is a common but poorly understood agaric species from South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay). In this paper, we discuss conflicting morphological features reported in the literature and expand the distribution of the species to Seasonal Deciduous and Semideciduous Forests from Rio Grande do Sul and Parana states, respectively, in Southern Brazil. Hyphal structure of the pileipellis, presence of cheilocystidia and caulocystidia, presence of clamp connections and oleiferous (thrombopleurous) hyphae, and the basidiospore morphology under scanning electron microscopy are illustrated and discussed in detail.

Studies on Amanita (Amanitaceae) in Brazil: the discovery of A. aureofloccosa in the Brazil

Amanita aureofloccosa is reported for the first time from South America, in semideciduous seasonal forests at the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (29°43′S and 53°47′W). It is a rare species of Amanita sect. Vitadinii and characterized by its brightly colored basidiome. For a better comparison, the lectotype and other African materials of this species were also analyzed.

Synopsis of the Strophariaceae (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) from Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

In a survey of the Strophariaceae from a natural reserve at Southern Brazil, a total of 16 species were studied: Deconica coprophila, D. horizontalis, Hypholoma ericaeum, H. subviride, Leratiomyces ceres, Pholiota limonella, P. spumosa, Psilocybe caeruleoannulata, P. wrightii, P. zapotecorum, Stropharia acanthocystis, S. agaricoides, S. araucariae, S. earlei, S. rugosoannulata and S. venusta. Full descriptions and illustrations on Pholiota limonella and Psilocybe zapotecorum are presented due to a lack of the detailed description for the State of Rio Grande do Sul.