Valdeir Eustáquio Júnior

Removal of the phenolic compounds in fixed bed anaerobic reactors with different support material

The operation of three fixed-bed anaerobic reactors with upflow and containing immobilized biomass were evaluated as regards to the removal of phenolic compounds found in the wastewater from coffee bean processing (RWC). The supports used in immobilization of the biomass were blast-furnace cinders, polyurethane foam and crushed stone. The PVC-made reactors with 139.5 L total volume were fed with increasing concentrations (13, 19.7 and 42.7 mg L-1) of phenolic compounds, and the hydraulic residence time (HRT) was maintained constant (around 1.3 days). At the end of each evaluated condition, samples were collected from the RWC along the height of the reactor for kinetic studies. Rapid acclimation of biomass attached to the blast-furnace cinders resulted in increased efficiency of removal of phenolic compounds in start-up, and the best performance of this reactor regarding the removal of these compounds over the period of the experiment. According to the results, the blast furnace cinders showed higher potential for use as supporting material of anaerobic reactors, when the objective is the removal of the phenolic compounds from RWC.

Efeito da adição de diferentes substâncias químicas no extrato de sementes de moringa utilizado como coagulante no tratamento de esgoto sanitário

This study was conducted in two phases. The first objective was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of moringa seed when used in extract form, on turbidity removal of the sewage. The second phase was to assess the effect of addition of different salts (NaCl e KCl) and a base (Ca(OH)2 in the preparation of moringa seed extract, with the best range of removal obtained in phase 1, used as a coagulating agent in removing turbidity from wastewater. According to the results, was concluded that the maximum efficiency in removing turbidity using the moringa seed extract, prepared with both NaCl and with KCl, was obtained at a concentration of 2 g L-1; the three substances used in the experiment, the Ca(OH)2 was demonstrated that the ability to leverage best coagulant action of Moringa oleifera seeds; the addition of the isolated extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera can also be found effective in removing the turbidity of the sewage, however, it is not feasible due to the wide availability of area needed for the treatment of sewage from a small community.

NOTA TÉCNICA: TRATAMENTO DE ESGOTO SANITÁRIO UTILIZANDO FILTRO ORGÂNICO SEGUIDO DE COAGULAÇÃO COM EXTRATO DE SEMENTES DE MORINGA PREPARADO COM Ca(OH)2

Among the forms of primary wastewater treatment, organic flters have stood out due to the high effciency in the removal of pollutants, the low cost of acquisition and the possibility of being submitted to composting after its use.It is aimed was to evaluate the effciency of the fltration process of domestic sewage in gross sawdust, with and without exclusion of the frst two pore volumes, followed by coagulation, using the moringa seed extract prepared with Ca(OH)2. Samples of the raw sewage, subjected to fltration with or without the exclusion of the frst two pore volumes followed by coagulation and only subjected to fltration with or without the exclusion of the frst two pore volumes were assayed for concentration of the TS,TFS, TVS, TSS, FSS, VSS and the values of electrical conductivity and turbidity. In all measured physical variables , except the variables TSS , VSS and turbidity, the processing excluding the frst two pore volumes followed by coagulation (F(E)+C) gave lower values effluent compared to treatment in which this was not done (F(SE)+C). Substances solubilized in the organic flter material of the coagulation process hampered by the pitcher seed extract prepared in Ca(OH)2, providing little or no removal effciency of sewage solids.