Waldomiro Borges Neto

Application of Factorial Design and Response Surface Methods to Optimize Ethyl Biodiesel Production from Corn Oil

In this study were investigated, by applying fractional factorial and central composite, and the variables of the reaction of transesterification of corn oil using ethyl alcohol: (i) reaction time, (ii) agitation speed, (iii) molar ratio ethanol: oil, (iv) type of catalyst, (v) concentration of the catalyst and (vi) temperature. The goal is to optimize the process conditions in order to achieve maximum efficiency of the transesterification reaction and evaluate the effect of each variable and their interactions on yield. After bench scale was performed physicochemical characterization of ethyl biodiesel of corn in the best condition, and that fits the parameters analyzed in accordance with the specifications of the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and European Committee for Standardization (EN).

Volumetric Property for Tankage of Biodiesel from Residual Oil

The recycling of frying oil for biodiesel production not only removes an undesirable compound of the environment, but it also allows the generation of an alternative energy source to petroleum derivatives, renewable and less pollutant. A physical property known as the coefficient of volumetric expansion is important to fuel tankage and is determined for diesel and biodiesel of residual oil obtained by the basic homogeneous catalysis. This study aims to determine this expansion coefficient from experimental data of specific mass as a function of temperature of methylic and ethylic biodiesel of residual oil and compare it with diesel. All physical-chemistry properties analyzed are in accordance with specification from Brazil. The coefficient of volumetric expansion for diesel oil, ethylic and methyl biodiesel are 8.36 × 10 -4 o C -1 , 8.37 × 10 -4 o C -1 and 8.35 × 10 -4 o C -1 , respectively, and the values were found with 95% confidence. Statistical data show an excellent correlation of the linear model with experimental values. Variation in the coefficient of expansion implies in different intensities of intermolecular interactions.

Use of Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray Ionization and Exploratory Analysis for Classification of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Adulterated with Vegetable Oils

Due to the economic value and health benefits of the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), this product is mainly the subject of adulteration by addition of cheaper vegetable oils. Thus, this study evaluated the detection of extra virgin olive samples oil adulterated with oils of canola, sunflower, corn and soybeans through exploratory multivariate analysis. The oil fingerprints were obtained by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode (ESI(+)-MS). The mass spectrometry data were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). Through the analysis of the loadings obtained in the PCA, it was possible to identify the ratio m/z most important for distinguishing authentic and adulterated oils, as well as the composition related with these samples. Authentic and adulterated samples were classified into different groups by the two methods, indicating that the developed methodologies are alternatives for the quality control of extra virgin olive oils.

Development and Validation of PLS Models for Quantification of Biodiesels Content from Waste Frying Oil in Diesel by HATR- MIR

Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e a validacao de dois modelos PLS para quantificacao de biodiesel metilico e biodiesel etilico provenientes de oleos de fritura em misturas com diesel empregando dados de espectroscopia no infravermelho medio. A exatidao dos modelos PLS mostraram excelente desempenho com baixos valores de RMSEC, RMSECV e RMSEP. Alem disso, a exatidao foi comprovada pela avaliacao da regiao de elipse de confianca. O metodo foi validado de acordo com as diretrizes internacionais e nacionais pela estimativa de figuras de merito, tais como exatidao, precisao, linearidade, seletividade, sensibilidade analitica, limites de deteccao e quantificacao e erro sistematico. Uma excelente correlacao foi observada entre os valores reais e previstos do conjunto de previsao (R = 0,9999) e os modelos nao apresentaram erros sistematicos conforme a norma ASTM E1655. Os modelos propostos utilizam uma unica faixa espectral permitindo a determinacao de biodiesel em mistura com diesel na faixa de concentracao entre 1,00 e 30,00% (v/v), em ambos os modelos. Assim, as metodologias propostas foram validadas sem a necessidade de escolher faixas espectrais se comparado com as normas pertinentes que regulamentam a determinacao do teor de biodiesel em mistura com diesel. Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; oleo de fritura; espectroscopia no infravermelho; calibracao multivariada; PLS; validacao analitica.