Wanderley Pereira de Araújo

Influência do estágio de lactação na composição do leite de cabras (Capra hircus)

A influencia do estagio de lactacao na composicao do leite de cabras foi estudada em 27 animais lactantes da raca Saanen durante oito meses, colhendo-se o total de 304 amostras. Foram selecionados e mantidos, no decorrer do trabalho, animais saudaveis, sem qualquer alteracao no exame fisico da glândula mamaria e cujo leite manteve-se negativo ao exame microbiologico. Avaliaram-se os teores de gordura, proteina, lactose e solidos totais. A concentracao de solidos totais, gordura e lactose declinaram durante a lactacao, porem os teores de proteina foram praticamente estaveis durante o periodo estudado. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a constituicao do leite de cabras sofreu influencia do estagio de lactacao.

Fagotipagem de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a antibióticos, isoladas de leite

In this study, 201 strains of S. aureus were isolated from crude milk and submitted to antibiotic resistance by the disc diffusion method using impregnated paper discs with the following antibiotics: amikacin, ampicillin, cephalotin, cephoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, oxacylin, penicillin, tetracycline, tobramycin and vancomycin. With the exception of 88 (43.8%), 90 (44.8%), 24 (11.9%) e 40 (19.9%) resistant strains to penicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline, respectively, it was verified that most of the 201 strains (95% or more) showed sensitivity to the others tested antibiotics. The strains resistant to these four antibiotics were phage-typified with the basic international set of phages for S. aureus of human and bovine origin and showed predominant sensitivity to the phage of the groups III and III/No Classified from the human basic set and to the phage groups III, IV and to the association III/IV from the bovine set.

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE). Occurence of positive sera in goats raised in Brazil

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is a retroviral disease of goats characterised by arthritis in adult animals and encephalomyelitis in young animals (Perring et al., 1988). Serological surveys performed in many parts of the world indicate a high and widespread prevalence of infection (Crawford and Adams, 1981). In Brazil, serological surveys have been made only in the States of Rio Grande do SUl (Moojen et al., 1986) and Bahia (Fiterman, 1988). For this study, animals of a Saanen goat herd bred in the state of Silo Paulo were separated in two,groups: adult animals (more than one ycar-old) and young animals (less than one year-old). Blood serum was obtained and an agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test was performed to detect antibodies against CAE virus. The antigen, control serum and agar-gel used were the components of a commercial kit for the serological diagnosis of Maedi-Visna virus infection (Institut Pourquier, Montpellier, France). In the AGID-test, 49% of the animals were positive. Young animals showed a higher prevalence (63%) when compared with adult animals (38%) (Table I).

Citologia do leite de búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) hígidas criadas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

The quantitative and qualitative evaluations of cells present on milk are important for understanding many events, physiologic or not, of the mammary gland. Despite that, citations in the literature are conflicting concerning healthy buffaloes. This study evaluated milk cellularity in 108 samples of healthy buffaloes mammary glands. They were analyzed by somatic cell count, automatic and microscopic, and the cellular types in slides of milk smear and also after cytocentrifugation of cellular suspension (differential citology evaluation). Results of milk somatic cells count, by microscopic and automatic techniques, were similar but cellular predominance (from Prescott - Breed or cytocentrifugation) differed in relative values. More mononuclear cells were found in slides of cytocentrifugation of cellular suspension smears and more leucocytes on direct microscopic count technique. The cytocentrifugation smears showed a better evaluation of cellular morphology, identifying 61.1% of monocytes and macrophages, 32.9% of neutrophils, 5.3% of lymphocytes and 0.7% of eosinophils. Mononuclear phagocytes showed a high plasticity on structure with many morphological patterns.

Prevalência da infecção pelo Vírus da Leucose dos Bovinos em rebanhos leiteiros criados no estado do Amazonas, Brasil

The prevalence of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) was determined, through the anti-BLV serum antibody test, in 661 samples collected in 16 dairy herds from four municipalities in the micro region of Manaus, at the Amazonas state. The agar gel immunodiffusion test with an envelop glycoprotein virus-antigen (gp-51) was used as a method of diagnosis the infection or the presence of anti-BLV antibodies transferred passively by the colostrum to calves up to six- month-old.. ll herds were positive for the BLV test. The overall prevalence was 8.9%. When the calves less than six-month-old were excluded a rate of 9.6% (58/604) infection prevalence was found. The influence of the age and sex factors on the prevalence of BLV were analysed by the two-proportion test. Higher prevalence rate was found in cattle older than 12-month-old as compared to the younger calves. No sexual effect was found.

Análise das metodologias diretas e indiretas para a contagem de células somáticas no leite de cabras hígidas

The particular apocrine secretion of goat milk different from the merocrine one observed in cows, may lead to errors in interpreting cellularity evaluations in the milk of this species. Thus, the objective of the present trial was to determine Somatic Cell Counts by means of one indirect methods, the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and direct methods, flow cytometry and direct microscopic count using methyl green-pyronine-Y stain, beyond comparing the methods of cellular counting. A total of 102 samples from 51 Saanen, Brown Alpine and Toggenburg female goats, bred in the state of Sao Paulo, were analyzed. Goats were separated in groups according to the phase of lactation and to physical examination of the mammary gland, and milk examination. Samples were divided into two aliquots, and were collected after California Mastitis Test evaluation. One aliquot was used in automatic cell counts, and the other, in direct microscopic count using methyl green-pyronine-Y stain. CMT results were as follows: 74.5% of the samples were negative, 8.8% yielded traces, 8.8% were weak positive (1), 6.8% were distinct positive (2) and 0.9% were strong positive (3). Medians of somatic cell counts in goat milk as evaluated by means automatic cell counter and direct microscopy, and grouped according to the different CMT scores, were as follows: 181,000, 578,000, 628,000, 1,421,500, and 5,542,000 cells/mL of milk and 74,991, 271,396, 71,420, 640,995, and 5,049,394 cells/mL of milk in scores negative, traces, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Medians obtained in automatic cell counts and direct microscopic counts, grouped according to the phase of lactation were 159,500; 508,000; and 277,500 cells/mL of milk and 62,493; 89,275; and 146,411 cells/ml of milk, respectively. The correlation between the automatic and microscopic methods for somatic cell counts was 88%. Based on the results obtained, it could be concluded that there were differences between the automatic and microscopic methods for somatic cell counts, being this most adequate for the determination of the celularidade in the cellularity of goat milk.

Valores de referência da atividade enzimática da aspartato-aminotransferase e da gama-glutamiltransferase em bovinos da raça Jersey. Influência dos fatores etários, sexuais e da infecção pelo vírus da leucose dos bovinos

With the purpose of having the reference values established for the biochemical parameters which evaluate the hepatic function through the determination of the enzymatic activities of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) of Jersey breed, raised in the Sao Paulo State, as well as, to evaluate the influence of age factors, sexual factors and of the infection by the bovine leukosis virus on the biochemical parameters mentioned, samples of blood sera from 170 animals were collected and examined, being 106 females and 17 males, clinically healthy and non-reagents to the glycoproteic antigen of the bovine leukosis virus capsule, and 47 sororeagent cows to the above mentioned virus. The reference patterns to the Jersey breed were established for aspatate aminotransferase enzymes (33.91±10.99U/l) and for gama-glutamiltransferase enzyme (13.21±12.72U/l). The seric activities of AST and GGT also had influence of age factors. The seric rates of AST raised with the age, the minimal value was observed in calves until three months age (26.39±22.17U/l) and maximal value was obseved in cows with age between 48 and 72 months (38.60±11.24U/l). GGT seric rates was higher for until three months age female calves (31.15±38.70U/l) than in older animals (between 8.70±2.40U/l and 14.24±10.37U/l). The evaluation of sexual factors influence and infection by Bovine Leukosis Virus on AST and GGT seric enzimatic activity had not showed the influence of these factors on the values found in this research.

Pesquisa de anticorpos contra o vírus da Estomatite Vesicular em bovinos de corte criados na região de Araçatuba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil em 2000

No ano de 2000 foram pesquisadas 1099 amostras de soro de bovinos de corte, adultos, pertencentes a seis rebanhos situados nos municipios de Auriflama, Gastao Vidigal,, Magda, Santo Antonio do Aracangua, Sebastianopolis do Sul e Turiuba, regiao de Aracatuba. A tecnica empregada para a dosagem de anticorpos para o virus da Estomatite Vesicular foi a soroneutralizacao em microplacas, utilizando a cepa Indiana 1 Costa Rica/72 com titulo de 106,0 DICT50/50mL. As celulas utilizadas foram as da linhagem de Rim de Macaco Verde Africano (VERO-CCL 81), provenientes do American Type Cell Colection (ATCC). O titulo de anticorpos de cada amostra de soro, foi calculado como a reciproca da maior diluicao do soro expresso em log10, que protegeu 100,00% da monocamada celular. Foram consideradas positivas as amostras com titulo superior a 1,6 log10 (1/40). Das 1099 amostras de soro analisadas, 28 (2,50%) foram positivas ao virus da Estomatite Vesicular tipo Indiana 1, com titulos de anticorpos variando de 1,9 a 2,8. Com excecao do rebanho situado no municipio de Turiuba, nos outros cinco foram encontrados animais reagentes ao virus. Esta avaliacao mostrou que houve circulacao do virus da Estomatite Vesicular nestes rebanhos provocando resposta humoral. Sendo assim e necessario a realizacao de estudos para se determinar o sitio de permanencia do virus.