William Barbosa Gomes

A Entrevista Fenomenológica e o Estudo da Experiência Consciente

A way of studying conscious experience is by using interview. There are several manners of interviewing a person. One possibility is through out a flexible series of preestablished questions opened to the different reactions from the respondent. The interviews are taped recorded, transcribed and studied in a systemic and systematic way, by the three phenomenological steps: description, reduction and interpretation. The interview is used to obtain the respondents conscious experience. The phenomenological steps are used to study the researchers conscious experience of the recollected material from the interviews. In a semiotic phenomenological tradition, the conscious experience is understood in association with the concepts of intentionality, meaning and existence. So, conscious experience is considered in conjunction with its cognitive, affective and conative apparatus. Our researches focalize on the transformation from an epistemological consciousness to a psychological consciousness and its reverse. The interview has been a proficuous instrument for this end.

Estilos parentais e desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais na adolescência

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parenting styles and development of social skills during adolescence. A total of 193 high school students (ages 14-17) from two public schools in Porto Alegre answered a questionnaire to evaluate perception of performance in ten social skills, as well as, two scales (Responsiveness and Demandingness) allowing to classify parental attitudes in four types: authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent and negligent. Generally, the results indicate that the adolescents have the necessary social skills for the investigated situations. The skills for which they presented more difficulties were the following: beginning interpersonal relationship; asking for change on someone elses behavior and expressing feelings. Significant differences on the presence of social skills among the adolescents who identified their parents according to different parenting styles were not found. However, significant differences on variables related to social skills, as anxiety and aggressiveness, were noticed among these groups.

Decisão de carreira entre estudantes em fim de curso universitário

This study evaluated the contribution of self-concept clarity, professional self-efficacy, exploratory behavior, participation in academic activities, labor market situation, perception of barriers to entrance in the labor market, perceived support to career plan, and perceived level of work opportunities in the predicting career decision-making among senior college students. Subjects (252 students between 20 and 30 years old) completed a self-report instrument specially developed for this research. Regression analysis showed that perceived level of work opportunities, professional self-efficacy, and self-concept clarity were the variables that contributed most to the prediction of career decision-making. The study highlights the need of an emphasis on practical aspects of professional education in university training, as a way to assist students in developing self-concept and self-efficacy. It also suggests that the university should teach students to cope effectively with their transition to the labor market, and to develop the abilities to set professional goals and utilize career development strategies.

Historical Development and Methodological Foundations of Cognitive Neuropsychology

The cognitive neuropsychology is presented in its historical development and main methodological changes. The ontological debates are distinguished on the relations between mind and brain in the history of psychology. The appearance of neuropsychology is described as a result of the studies concerning the relations between aphasia and cerebral injuries. The research in cognition, a strong movement in psychology in the last four decades, is recognized as a contribution to the understanding of human mental operations. Such developments strengthened the relations between brain and mind. The main methodological proposals in cognitive neuropsychology are discussed with special emphasis for the following aspects: debate between case and groups studies; dissociations between cognitive tasks; and advances and limitations of the neuroimaging techniques. Finally, the historical process of scientific and professional organization of the area is described.

Conversas sobre sexualidade na família e gravidez na adolescência: a percepção dos pais

AbstractTalking about sexuality in the family and pregnancy ofadolescent girls: The parents’ perceptionThe aim of this study was to understand the parents’perception of pregnant adolescents, taking as evidence theirperception about the conversations established in the familycontext about sexuality. Thirteen semi-structured interviewswith nine mothers and four fathers, coming from low middleclass, were conducted. The interviews were analyzed andinterpreted according to three phenomenological reflexivesteps: description, that indicates the way of comprehensionof the theme in focus; reduction, that specifies critically theway of comprehension and its relation with the concretenessof the situation; and interpretation, that defines newpossibilities of understanding, explication and intervention.The analysis showed that the parents had conflicting valuesin relation to adolescent sexuality and were confused abouttheir role in the sexual orientation of their daughters. Thisambiguity was an effect of the re-signification of the sexualexperience of parents in face of their daughters’ experiencesand the changing values of present days. Parents were capableof perceiveing what was going on in their daugthers’ sexuallives, but did not feel able to give them an effectiveorientation. They failed in their attempt to provide thiseffective orientation because: 1) they overestimated theirdaughters’ knowledge about contraceptive methods; 2) theytried to postpone the sexual initiation of their daughters;and 3) they felt unprepared to talk about sexuality andcontraception

A experiência de assumir a gestação naadolescência: um estudo fenomenológico

Esta pesquisa propoe-se a descrever a experiencia de ser mae adolescente vivida por jovens que participaram de um programa de assistencia pre-natal. Foram obtidos, por uma entrevista semi-estruturada, depoimentos de seis adolescentes, com idades entre 17 e 20 anos, cuja vivencia da maternidade se dava ha mais de um ano. Os dados foram analisados atraves da descricao, reducao e interpretacao fenomenologicas, revelando dez categorias tematicas: o engravidar, o impacto da gravidez, a gestacao e o parto, participacao em um pre-natal para adolescentes, o ser gestante versus o ser adolescente, a auto-imagem, o grupo de interacao mae-bebe para adolescentes, a adolescente e suas relacoes, o bebe em relacao e a maternidade. Para as informantes, a orientacao de uma equipe multidisciplinar, a oportunidade de esclarecer duvidas e o convivio com outras adolescentes gravidas foram fundamentais ao desenvolvimento da gravidez e do parto sem complicacoes orgânicas, bem como ao estabelecimento da identidade materna.The objective of the present study was to describe the experience of being a teenage mother. Six teenage mothers, 17 to 20 years old, answered a semi-structured interview. They had all taken part of a pre-birth assistance program as well as experienced motherhood for more than one year. The data were analyzed in accordance with the phenomenological description, reduction and interpretation, which showed ten theme categories: being pregnant, impact of pregnancy, pregnancy and childbirth, taking part in a pre-birth program for teenagers, being pregnant versus being a teenager, self-image, attachment group for teenagers, teenage and its relationships, relation with the baby and motherhood. Subjects considered that having an opportunity to socialize with other pregnant teenagers, to find answers to their questions, and to have support from a multidisciplinary team was important to avoid problems during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as for establishing maternal identity.

Eu quero ajudar as pessoas: a escolha vocacional da psicologia

Neste estudo, 146 alunos no primeiro ano do curso de Psicologia, em duas universidades, uma particular e outra publica, do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, falam sobre a escolha da psicologia como profissao, atraves de entrevistas e questionarios. A interpretacao dos depoimentos sugere um perfil do estudante de psicologia e mostra o impasse vocacional do campo, caracterizado pelo distanciamento entre a profissao e os problemas contemporâneos.

Comunicação médico-paciente e adesão ao tratamento em adolescentes portadores de doenças orgânicas crônicas

Doctor-patient communication and adhesion to treatment in adolescents with chronic organic diseases . The evolution of Medicine, associated to appropriate adhesion to treatment, has been increasing the life expectancy of children with chronic organic diseases, until adolescence and adult life. This study focalizes the implications of doctor-patient communication in the adhesion to treatment. Eight boys and ten girls, between 12 and 18 years of age, with chronic organic diseases since childhood were interviewed. The interviews, following a flexible guideline, were recorded, transcribed, and submitted to qualitative analysis. Patients assisted in specific aid programs presented better communication with their doctors and greater adhesion to treatment. The adolescents identified the mother as mediator in the communication with the doctor, since the diagnosis, and they located themselves as spectators of this communication. It was interpreted that such situation does not favor the psychological development of these adolescents, and it impedes that they assume the disease and treatment. The creation of programs and procedures that include the pediatric patient formally in the doctor’s communication with the mother is suggested.

AUTONOMOUS CAREER CHANGE AMONG PROFESSIONALS: AN EMPIRICAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

Seven informants (4 women and 3 men), aged between 32 and 42, who had experienced at least one career change in their lives were interviewed about the history of their career trajectories. The interviews were analyzed according to the systematic and systemic reflexivity proposed by the phenomenological tradition: description, reduction and interpretation. The findings point to the need for professional guidance practice giving attention not only to professional information but also to a reflection of individual and work-related values. This would help both young people and adults to see their own objectives more clearly and to be capable of formulating their own career plans and following them through.

Self-Consciousness Scale: A Brazilian Version

The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of a Brazilian version of the Self-consciousness Scale to university students. Factorial structure, sub-scale intercorrelations, and normative data obtained with 182 subjects are reported. These results suggest that the proposed model of self-consciousness is applicable in the Brazilian culture, although some significant sex differences were found for two of the scales. Reliability tests and the factorial validity of the scale showed that this version still needs refinement to be used as a reliable research tool.