Marco Antônio Pereira Teixeira

Estilos parentais e desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais na adolescência

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parenting styles and development of social skills during adolescence. A total of 193 high school students (ages 14-17) from two public schools in Porto Alegre answered a questionnaire to evaluate perception of performance in ten social skills, as well as, two scales (Responsiveness and Demandingness) allowing to classify parental attitudes in four types: authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent and negligent. Generally, the results indicate that the adolescents have the necessary social skills for the investigated situations. The skills for which they presented more difficulties were the following: beginning interpersonal relationship; asking for change on someone elses behavior and expressing feelings. Significant differences on the presence of social skills among the adolescents who identified their parents according to different parenting styles were not found. However, significant differences on variables related to social skills, as anxiety and aggressiveness, were noticed among these groups.

Adaptação à universidade em jovens calouros

El primer ano es un periodo critico para la adaptacion del estudiante a la universidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar cualitativamente la experiencia de adaptacion a la universidad en jovenes novatos. Participaron del estudio 14 estudiantes de cursos diferentes con edades entre 18 y 22 anos. Los sujetos fueron entrevistados individualmente y las entrevistas pasaron un analisis fenomenologico. Del analisis surgieron cuatro grandes temas: Saliendo de casa, Ingresando en la vida academica, Percibiendo cambios en si mismo y Adaptandose al curso. Los resultados indican que la adaptacion a la universidad entre novatos es una experiencia que trae cambios importantes para los estudiantes, y que el exito en la adaptacion depende de muchos factores, siendo que algunos de ellos no se relacionan directamente al contexto academico. Pese a eso, el contexto universitario tiene un papel importante para desempenar en el proceso de adaptacion a la universidad

Decisão de carreira entre estudantes em fim de curso universitário

This study evaluated the contribution of self-concept clarity, professional self-efficacy, exploratory behavior, participation in academic activities, labor market situation, perception of barriers to entrance in the labor market, perceived support to career plan, and perceived level of work opportunities in the predicting career decision-making among senior college students. Subjects (252 students between 20 and 30 years old) completed a self-report instrument specially developed for this research. Regression analysis showed that perceived level of work opportunities, professional self-efficacy, and self-concept clarity were the variables that contributed most to the prediction of career decision-making. The study highlights the need of an emphasis on practical aspects of professional education in university training, as a way to assist students in developing self-concept and self-efficacy. It also suggests that the university should teach students to cope effectively with their transition to the labor market, and to develop the abilities to set professional goals and utilize career development strategies.

Escalas de Práticas Parentais (EPP): Avaliando Dimensões de Práticas Parentais em Relação a Adolescentes

The aim of this study was to elaborate a self-report instrument to evaluate dimensions of parental educational practices concerning adolescents. The sample was composed of 409 adolescents (57,9% women, with an average age of 16,52 years old), from which 298 provided complete protocols. Initially, 62 items were generated to evaluate different dimensions of parental practices. The underlying structure present in the set of items was evaluated using principal components analysis. Repeated analysis allowed an interpretable solution of 6 components for a set of 27 items, considering items with factor loadings greater than 0.35 in just one component. The identified components are listed below, together with the respective Cronbach alpha value of the correspondent scales: punitive control (0.73), behavioral supervision (0.77), responsibility demandingness (0.70), intrusiveness (0.67), emotional support (0.89) and autonomy granting (0.76). Therefore, the results show that it is possible to empirically distinguish more specific parental educational practices than the responsiveness and demandingness dimensions that are tipically mentioned in the literature. Moreover, the scales show different correlational patterns when some psychosocial development indicators are considered, suggesting that the effects over the development are also distinct.

AUTONOMOUS CAREER CHANGE AMONG PROFESSIONALS: AN EMPIRICAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

Seven informants (4 women and 3 men), aged between 32 and 42, who had experienced at least one career change in their lives were interviewed about the history of their career trajectories. The interviews were analyzed according to the systematic and systemic reflexivity proposed by the phenomenological tradition: description, reduction and interpretation. The findings point to the need for professional guidance practice giving attention not only to professional information but also to a reflection of individual and work-related values. This would help both young people and adults to see their own objectives more clearly and to be capable of formulating their own career plans and following them through.

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Brazilian version of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R)

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the factor structure of the Brazilian version of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R; Cooper, 1994) in a sample of 584 university students. A secondary goal was to investigate the relationships between motives and measures of alcohol use and drinking problems. The DMQ-R assesses four motive dimensions: social, enhancement, coping, and conformity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a revised four-factor model identical to the original, with the exception of one item that did not load on its intended factor. Relative to coping and conformity motives, enhancement and social motives were strongly related to both alcohol use and drinking problems. Overall results indicate that the factor structure of the Brazilian DMQ-R parallels that observed in North America and Europe using the original English language DMQ-R, despite a distinct pattern of relationships with alcohol use and drinking problems.

Escalas de exploração vocacional (EEV) para universitários

In the international literature exploratory behavior has been described as a fundamental aspect of lifelong career development. The aim of this study was to develop a scale to measure the two main dimensions of vocational exploration (self exploration and environmental exploration) for university students. The scale was applied to 384 university students (mean age 21.7 years), of which 65% were females. Two dimensions were identified by analysis of principal components and demonstrated the feasibility of the construct. Internal consistency scores (0.85 and 0.89) were found to be satisfactory. No significant gender differences in the context of self or of environmental exploration were found. Final year students showed higher environmental exploration than those from the first years. Although complementary studies are still required, results suggest that the scale is valid and reliable.

Self-Consciousness Scale: A Brazilian Version

The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of a Brazilian version of the Self-consciousness Scale to university students. Factorial structure, sub-scale intercorrelations, and normative data obtained with 182 subjects are reported. These results suggest that the proposed model of self-consciousness is applicable in the Brazilian culture, although some significant sex differences were found for two of the scales. Reliability tests and the factorial validity of the scale showed that this version still needs refinement to be used as a reliable research tool.

Desenvolvimento e validação preliminar de uma escala multidimensional de satisfação de vida para adolescentes

The purpose of this study was to develop a Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Adolescents (MLSSA). Participants were 425 adolescents (224 boys and 201 girls) with a mean age of 16,1 years (SD=1,2) attending schools in the city of Santa Maria/RS. Items selection occurred on basis of the results from principal components analysis, and the final form of the MLSSA included 52 items, distributed over 7 factors: Family, Self, Compared Self, School, Non-violence, Self-efficacy and Friendship. The seven components explained 54% of the total variance. The coefficients of internal consistency were satisfactory for each subscale, as well as for the total scale (α=0,93). Evidences of validity were also obtained through a correlational analysis with a measure of Self-esteem.

Qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas em periódicos de psicologia brasileiros

Buscou-se avaliar a qualidade metodologica das revisoes sistematicas (RS) publicadas em periodicos brasileiros de psicologia. Dois autores conduziram uma RS nas bases PePSIC e SciELO, usando as palavras-chave: “revisao” e “sistematica”. Foram identificados e analisados 33 artigos atraves do instrumento Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) . A pontuacao media das revisoes foi 5,39 (em um escore que podia variar de 0 a 11). Houve diferenca de qualidade das RS publicadas no SciELO e no PePSIC, mas nao foi observada diferenca conforme o estrato do periodico, segundo o Qualis CAPES. Alem disso, nao verificou-se incremento na qualidade das publicacoes de 2001 a 2012. Sugere-se adocao de diretrizes por parte dos periodicos de forma a melhorar a qualidade das RS no Brasil.