Woro A. Noerdjito

Diversity and body size of dung beetles attracted to different dung types along a tropical land-use gradient in Sulawesi, Indonesia

Dungbeetlesareafunctionallyimportantcomponentofmostterrestrialecosystems,butcommunitieschange with habitat disturbance and deforestation. In this study, we tested if dung beetle ensembles on dung of introduced cattleandoftheendemicanoa,asmallbuffalo,areaffecteddifferentiallybyhabitatdisturbance.Therefore,weexposed 10 pitfall traps, five baited with anoa and five baited with cattle dung, per site in six habitat types ranging from naturalandselectivelyloggedrainforesttothreetypesofagroforestrysystem(characterizedbydifferentmanagement intensity) and open areas (n = 4 replicate sites per habitat type) at the margin of Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We found 28 species, 43% of which were endemic to Sulawesi. Species richness, abundance and biomass declined from natural forest towards open area. Large-bodied species appeared to be more sensitive to habitat disturbance and the ratio of large to small-sized dung beetles declined with land-use intensity. Although selectively logged forest and cocoa agroforestry systems had lower species richness compared with natural forest, they appearedtomaintainahighportionofspeciesoriginallyinhabitingforestsites.Thesimilarityofdungbeetleensembles recorded at forest and agroforestry sites reflects the high similarity of some habitat variables (e.g. vegetation structure and microclimate) between both habitat types compared with open areas. Species richness and abundances as well as species composition, which was characterized by decreases in mean body size, changed with land-use intensity, indicating that dung type is less important than habitat type for determining ensemble structure of these Indonesian dung beetles.

インドネシア西ジャワ州ボゴール植物園におけるアリ類の種多様性，およびムカシアリ属2 新種の記載

Ant fauna was investigated in the Bogor Botanic Garden (Kebun Raya Bogor), West Java, Indonesia, by the following sampling methods: (1) collection of ants on tree trunks, (2) collection of litter ants using a handy sifter, (3) pitfall traps, (4) sugar baits, (5) collection of ants on bamboo shoots, (6) searching for colonies, (7) collection of foraging workers. In all, 216 species representing all the subfamilies known from the Oriental region were collected in 1985 and between 1990 and 1998. After intensive collections in 1995 and 1997, the cumulative number of ant species was still increasing slowly in 1998. The ant fauna was compared with the results from other sites in Southeast Asia, and those of preliminary surveys made by us in four national parks in West Java, i.e., Ujung Kulon and Pangandaran (lowland forests), and Gunung Halimun and Gunung Gede (mountain forests). Species composition in the Bogor Botanic Garden was similar to that of lowland rainforests in West Java, but remarkably different from mountain forests.

Effect of habitat transformation from grassland to Acacia mangium plantation on dung beetle assemblage in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

AbstractClean Development Mechanism afforestation often involves the creation of fast growing tree plantations on non-forest lands. To estimate the possible impacts of afforestation on the biodiversity of local species, we compared the diversity of dung beetles collected using baited pitfall traps placed in grasslands, plantations of Acacia mangium, and intact natural forests in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The species richness in plantations was higher than that on grasslands but lower than that in intact natural forests. Ordination analysis revealed that the structures of beetle assemblages in plantations were intermediate between intact natural forests and grasslands. However, the indicator species for the intact natural forests were never or rarely seen in the plantations. These results suggest that afforestation increases the local native diversity of dung beetles but that plantations are not readily colonized by the indicators of intact natural forests. Conversely, it is suggested that afforestation decreases the abundances of two grassland specialists.

Life table parameters of Indonesian tortoise beetles under laboratory conditions

Life history traits such as adult longevity, fecundity and duration of immature stages have been studied under laboratory conditions in several cassidine species (Albuquerque & Becker, 1986; Habib & Vasconcellos-Neto, 1979; Kosior, 1975; Ward & Pienkowski, 1978). Life table parameters, for example the intrinsic rate of natural increase r, the mean length of a generation T and the reproductive rate V x/V 0, can provide an opportunity for interspecific and geographic comparisons of demographic characteristics. However, the parameters have been derived for few cassidine species (Nakamura et al., 1989 for two Aspidomorpha species in Sumatra), because the survivorship (l x ) and fertility (m x ) schedules throughout life are indispensable for the calculations.

MORFOLOGI MULUT DAN SALURAN PENCERNAAN SERANGGA PEMAKAN TUMBUHAN DAN PEMANGSA

Oncom teimasuk makanan yang harganya murah tetapi mengandung protein yang relatif tinggi. Di Jawa Barat makanan ini telah lama dikenal serta banyak dimakan. Pembuatannya dilakukan secaia tiadisional dengan menggunakan bahandasar bungkil kacang tanah dengan campuran onggok/ampas tapioka dan ampas tahu, atau bahan dasar ampas tahu dengan campuran onggok. Sampai saat ini belum banyak usaha yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui seluk beluk ilmiah produk ini, apalagi usaha terencana untuk meningkatkan mutu seita menyebarluaskan pemanfaatannya. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan dari terbatasnya pustaka yang ada (Dwidjoseputro et al. 1970, Van Veen et al. 1968, Steinkraus & Van Veen 1971, Muhilal et al. 1970; Slamet & Tarwotjo 1971; Saono et al. 1974).

SERANGGA PENGUNJUNG KACANG PANJANG (VIGNA UNGUICULATA)

Oncom teimasuk makanan yang harganya murah tetapi mengandung protein yang relatif tinggi. Di Jawa Barat makanan ini telah lama dikenal serta banyak dimakan. Pembuatannya dilakukan secaia tiadisional dengan menggunakan bahandasar bungkil kacang tanah dengan campuran onggok/ampas tapioka dan ampas tahu, atau bahan dasar ampas tahu dengan campuran onggok. Sampai saat ini belum banyak usaha yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui seluk beluk ilmiah produk ini, apalagi usaha terencana untuk meningkatkan mutu seita menyebarluaskan pemanfaatannya. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan dari terbatasnya pustaka yang ada (Dwidjoseputro et al. 1970, Van Veen et al. 1968, Steinkraus & Van Veen 1971, Muhilal et al. 1970; Slamet & Tarwotjo 1971; Saono et al. 1974).