Xin Yu Wang

A first modern contribution to Caloplaca biodiversity in South Korea: two new species and some new country records

Eleven species are recognized of which C. bogilana and C. subflavorubescens are described here as new to science while nine species (C. cinnabarina, C. decipiens, C. ferruginea, C. inconspecta, C. pellodella, C. scopularis, C. stantonii, C. squamosa and C. subsoluta) are reported for the first time for South Korea. Both new species are peculiar due to their secondary chemistry; anthraquinones along with atranorin, gyrophoric acid and lecanoric acid in C. bogilana, and gyrophoric acid together with anthraquinones in C. subflavorubescens. Zahlbr., B. granuligera (Hue) Zahlbr., B. hexaspora (Hue) Zahlbr., B. injucunda (Hue) Zahlbr. and B. multicolor (Hue) Zahlbr.); these Blastenia species have not been studied by any taxonomists until now. Also, no recent contribution to this genus for any region of South Korea exists. Our paper presents descriptions of two new species, along with collection data for nine taxa new to South Korea. Our contribution increases the number of known South Korean Calo- placa species to twenty-five. Compared with Caloplaca biodiversity known in European territories of similar latitude and area, for example Greece (Abbott 2009), the number of known South KoreanCaloplacaspecies is a small fraction of a totalCaloplacabiodiversity in South Korea. Extensive exploration and further investigations on this genus in the near future will definitely increase its tally.

Notes on Some New Records of Macro- and Micro-lichens from Korea

Abstract The paper describes nine new records of macro- and micro-lichens from Korea. A brief taxonomic description and comments are presented for all the studied taxa (Catapyrenium squamellum, Chrysothrix candelaris, Endocarpon pallidulum, Endocarpon petrolepideum, Lecanora oreinoides, Leprocaulon albicans, Parmotrema saccatilobum, Verrucaria glaucina and Xanthoria parietina). The lichen genera Catapyrenium, Chrysothrix and Verrucaria are reported for the first time in this country.

Notes on Lichen Genus Buellia De Not. (lichenized Ascomycetes) from South Korea

Abstract Based on a literature survey and assessment of the important features of lichen genus Buellia (spore shape and size, anatomy of the exciple as well as analysis of the lichen substances), the present paper describes four new records of B. maritima, B. polyspora, B. spuria and B. stellulata from South Korea. Among them, B. maritima and B. polyspora are firstly reported in East Asia including in China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan. Brief description of all the new records along with earlier described species placed under genus Amandinea and Hafellia are provided with their distribution and chemistry. A key to all the Buellia species reported so far from South Korea is also provided.

Plant Hormones Promote Growth in Lichen-Forming Fungi

The effect of plant hormones on the growth of lichen-forming fungi (LFF) was evaluated. The use of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and indole-3-butyric acid resulted in a 99% and 57% increase in dry weight of the lichen-forming fungus Nephromopsis ornata. The results suggest that some plant hormones can be used as inducers or stimulators of LFF growth for large-scale culture.

Notes on the Existence of Leucodecton desquamescens (Thelotremoid Graphidaceae) in South Korea.

Abstract This study describes a new record of a thelotremoid lichen (Leucodecton desquamescens) from South Korea. The taxon is characterized by thick, bulging thallus with many calcium oxalate crystal inclusions; an immersed, round to irregular ascomata with free exciple, ellipsoid to ± roundish submuriform, brown ascospores, and lack of secondary metabolites. A detailed taxonomic description and comments are presented for this taxon. The lichen genus Leucodecton is reported for the first time in South Korea.

A Lichen Genus Porpidia (Porpidiaceae) from South Korea

Abstract Taxonomic study of the crustose lichen Porpidia was performed in this paper. Three species are described, including two recorded species and one new record: Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A. J. Schwab. A description of each species is presented along with morphological, anatomic, and chemical characteristics. A key to the identification of species of Porpidia is also presented.

Taxonomic Study on the Lichen Genus Xanthoparmelia (Ascomycotina, Parmeliaceae) in Korea

In previous studies investigating the genus Xanthoparmelia, thirteen different species have been reported from South Korea alone. However, there currently has been no revisional study performed until now. To explore the genus Xanthoparmelia, a phenotypic analysis was performed based on morphological, anatomical and chemical characters, while an investigation of Xanthoparmelia phylogeny was based on nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA ITS sequences. A thorough examination of the specimens deposited in the Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI) confirmed that eight species of Xanthoparmelia occur inside South Korea. Our analysis further confirmed the colors of the lower surface and medullar chemistry are important taxonomic characters in Xanthoparmelia. This study also presents a detailed description of each species and a key to the genus.

New species and new records of the lichen genus Porpidia (Lecideaceae) from western China

Abstract: A taxonomic study of the genus Porpidia in western China revealed two species hithertounknown to science, Porpidia squamosa and P. shangrila, along with three new records for the country:P. flavicunda, P. soredizodes and P. thomsonii. Detailed taxonomic descriptions, ecological and chemicalcharacters, and illustrations are provided for the new taxa, and brief taxonomic descriptions providedfor the newly reported taxa. A key to all known Chinese Porpidia species is also provided.Key words: key, saxicolous lichens, taxonomyAccepted for publication 14 April 2012 IntroductionPorpidia Ko¨rb., one of the largest genera seg-regatedfrom Lecidea (Hertel1975),hasbeenwell studied in different parts of the world(Hertel 1975; Gowan 1989; Fryday 2005).Previously only seven species have been re-ported from China (Wei 1991), with mostbeing discovered by Hertel (1977). SinceHertel’s work no further research has beencarried out on the genus in China.Ourstudy wasmainly focused onthewest-ern part of China, which covers nine pro-vinces, Gansu, Guizhou, Ningxia, Qinghai,Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, and Xin-jiang, and one municipality, Chongqing. Itis a region of sunken basins, rolling plateaux,and towering massifs at altitudes varyingfrom less than 500 m to more than 4000 m.The areaincludesfive mainmountainranges:Tianshan, Kunlun, Qilian, Hengduan andHimalaya Mountains; the highest tablelandon Earth is also located in this region.Porpidia specimens were mainly collectedfrom the mountainous regions at an altitudeof more than 1000 m. The first two authorscarried out the field survey, in the most partfrom the mountainous region in south-western China. We also identified many pre-viously unexamined specimens of Porpidialodged in various herbaria in China [HMAS,KUN, SDNU]; these specimens were col-lected from the western part of China. Ourstudies led to the discovery of two new spe-cies, described here in detail, and three newrecords for the Chinese lichen mycota.Materials and Methods

Dactylospora glaucomarioides (Ascomycetes, Dactylosporaceae): A Lichenicolous Fungus New to South Korea

The lichenicolous fungi flora of South Korea is poorly known. During recent field trips to various parts of South Korea and after an extensive examination of herbarium lichen specimens, we encountered a lichenicolous fungi growing over a thallus of the lichen Ochrolechia yasudae Vain., characterized by small black apothecia with mostly three-septate brown ascospores. It was identified as Dactylospora glaucomarioides. This is the first report of this lichenicolous fungus from South Korea. A taxonomic description and comments are presented.

Taxonomic study of peltigera (peltigeraceae, ascomycota) in Korea.

Abstract A taxonomic study of Peltigera in South Korea was performed. The phylogenetic analysis based on nr DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences suggests that Peltigera is a well-supported monophyletic group. Important characteristics are the phycobiont type of thallus and the vein type at the lower cortex (wide and flat, or narrow and ridged). The vertical or horizontal arrangement of the apothecia is also important in distinguishing species in this genus. Eleven species of Peltigera were revealed and confirmed, which included one new record, P. elisabethae. A description of each species is presented with morphological, anatomic, and chemical characteristics, and comparisons between similar species are made. A key to the species is also presented.