Yakup Gumusalan

Morphometrical features of the human malleolar groove.

Background: Our aim was to investigate the morphometric features of malleolar groove of the lateral malleolus in humans. Methods: This study was performed on the malleolar grooves of 93 (80 dry and 13 cadaveric) fibulae. We measured the length of the fibula; length, width, and depth of the malleolar groove; the angle between malleolar groove and the fibular axis. Furthermore, we measured the distances between the distal tip of the fibula and the lateral and medial tubercles of lateral malleolus, and the width of posterior surface of the lateral malleolus. Results: We found the shape of malleolar groove regularly concave in 63 out of 93 (68%) fibulae. The features of the triangular area at the posterior aspect of the lateral malleolus, where the peroneal tendons pass over, may serve as a bed for the peroneal tendons. There was a significant correlation between the depth of the malleolar groove and the distances between the distal tip of the fibula and the medial and lateral tubercles, as well (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A strong correlation existed between either the shape of the groove or the values of the reference points. Clinical Relevance: The shape of the groove may be important in reinforcing the superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR) and other structures restraining the tendons.

A randomized pilot study of acupuncture treatment for primary dysmenorrhea

OBJECTIVE To compare the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy in primary dysmenorrhea patients. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-five young women with a diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea were recruited for the study. Their dysmenorrhea severity was rated by visual analog scale (VAS) immediately prior to entry into the study. They were randomly divided into two groups; and the following month they were given NSAID (group 1, n=24) or acupuncture treatment (group 2, n=11). Pain was rated again using VAS during menstruation in both groups. RESULTS After one months treatment, pain scores were significantly lower in both groups (p<0.05). Mean pain scores decreased by 52.2% and 69.5% in the NSAID and acupuncture groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Acupuncture was as effective as NSAID therapy for patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Since this was a pilot study with a small sample size and short follow-up period, larger studies are needed to clarify the effect of acupuncture in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

The comparative investigation of morphology of papillary muscles of left ventricle in different species

The papillary muscles of the heart are conical projections into the respective chamber of myocardium covered by endocardium. Functionally, the papillary muscles are important part of the respective valve complex. They prevent the cusps of a valve from being everted when the ventricle contracts. Our study was conducted on papillary muscles in left ventricle of 135 normal adult hearts (20 humans, 25 dogs, 60 sheep and 30 goats). The length (L), width (W), head number (HN), angle with ventricular wall (A°), distance with annulus (AnD) and apex (ApD), and the shapes of the anterior and posterior papillary muscles were observed. The tendinous chords (CTN) attached to each papillary muscle were counted at their origin. The values of both anterior and posterior papillary muscles were not statistically significant (p > 0.05) in measurements of L, W, HN, A° and AnD of all species, but those of CTN and ApD were significant (p < 0.05) between human and animal hearts, while the difference was not significant (p > 0.05) between sheep and goat hearts. Knowledge of morphology of papillary muscles in different species will be of much use to clinical investigators in their studies.

A previously undescribed anomaly of left anterior descending artery: Type V dual left anterior descending artery

Dual left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is a group of rare congenital coronary artery anomalies and exhibits 4 different types. The goal of this article is to define a new, previously undescribed type of dual LAD anomaly.

Bilateral aplasia of the tibialis anterior and unilateral aplasia of the extensor hallucis longus muscles

A 35-year-old woman presented with bilateral leg pain on walking that had been present since childhood. Clinical examination showed bilateral absence of the tibialis anterior tendons and the left extensor hallucis longus tendon. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that signal intensities in the location of the tibialis anterior muscles bilaterally and the left extensor hallucis longus muscle were uniformly high on T1-weighted images, consistent with fat tissue and aplastic muscles: findings not previously reported.

Effect of Atorvastatin and Ezetimibe Treatment on Serum Lipid Profile and Oxidative State in Rats Fed With a High-Cholesterol Diet

Introduction:The effects of ezetimibe and atorvastatin on serum lipid profile and oxidant-antioxidant system were investigated in rats. Methods:Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 6 groups. Group 1 was fed with standard rat chow. Group 2 and the other 4 groups were fed with a high-cholesterol diet: 10 mg/kg/d atorvastatin to group 3; 1 mg/kg/d atorvastatin to group 4; 10 mg/kg/d atorvastatin and 1 mg/kg/d ezetimibe to group 5; and 1 mg/kg/d ezetimibe to group 6. After 3 months, serum total, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and the activities of malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were measured in the plasma. In addition, the left anterior descending and femoral arteries were examined histopathologically. Results:Serum total, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels decreased slightly in group 3. However, administration of 1 mg/kg/d atorvastatin or 1 mg/kg/d ezetimibe did not significantly change lipid parameters. Plasma malondialdehyde levels slightly increased in group 2 compared with controls and decreased compared with both the atorvastatin regimens. However, malondialdehyde levels increased with the addition of ezetimibe to atorvastatin. Only the administration of ezetimibe significantly elevated the levels of malondialdehyde. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were also found to be significantly reduced in the groups receiving ezetimibe when compared with atorvastatin groups. Conclusions:Atorvastatin has a beneficial effect on oxidative stress in rats fed with high-cholesterol diet. A combination of ezetimibe with atorvastatin diminishes the beneficial effects of atorvastatin. Conversely, the sole administration of ezetimibe increases oxidative stress.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is a Complementary Method to Stereological Measurement of Testicular Volume

OBJECTIVES The objective of our research was to determine the accuracy and precision of the Cavalieri principle with images obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in estimation of the actual testicular volume in humans. METHODS We performed volume measurements of 42 testes from 21 patients scheduled for bilateral orchiectomy for prostate cancer. We performed volume estimation measurements with ultrasonography (US), Praders orchidometer (PrOM), and Cavalieri principle MRI (we used views in axial sagittal and planes) before orchiectomy. We measured actual testes volume with the fluid displacement technique after orchiectomy. Differences and correlations between estimated and actual volumes were evaluated. For all patients, we compared right and left testicular volumes independently with these measurements. RESULTS Mean +/- SD actual testicular volume and estimated testicular volumes with US, PrOM, and Cavalieri principle using MRI axial and sagittal images were 15.3 +/- 3.3 and 17.7 +/- 3.0 cm(3), 20.0 +/- 3.5 cm(3), and 16.0 +/- 3.7 and 16.0 +/- 3.6 cm(3), respectively. Estimated and measured volumes were not different from each other. US and PrOM measured volumes were correlated with the actual volume. However, r-values with Pearson correlation test for estimated volumes measured with the Cavalieri principle with MRI were higher than US and PrOM (r-values were 0.934 and 0.961 vs 0.919 and 0.757, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that testicular volume measurements with the Cavalieri principle using images obtained from MRI may be considered a complementary method to traditional techniques to estimate the actual testicular volume.

A case of bathing trunk nevus studded with neurofibroma-like papules.

There is a significant association between bathing trunk nevus and neurofibromatosis. However, not all neurofibroma-like papules detected clinically in cases with bathing trunk nevus may be a neurofibromas and histopathological confirmation is essential for definition of these lesions. We report a 21 year old white male patient with a bathing trunk nevus studded with neurofibroma-like papules of melanocytic nature. Histopathological examination of both papular and flat lesions showed diffuse melanocytes with plentiful eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei in the dermis. Immunohistochemistry showed strong positivity of dermal melanocytes for S-100 protein. The clinical and histopathological findings and positivity of dermal melanocytes for S-100 protein were consistent with bathing trunk melanocytic nevus.

The histopathological investigation of the effect on regional and systemic tissues of the application of Medicinal Plant Extract Ankaferd Blood Stopper in deep tissue injuries in Rats

BACKGROUND This study was planned to evaluate both the histopathological changes under light microscope as well as the systemic organ effects following application of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) (a mixture of five plant extracts) in an animal model of deep tissue hemorrhage. METHODS A total of 50 Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups of 10 rats each. The rats underwent femoral vein puncture and were treated with ABS tampon, ABS spray, or Surgicel, and one group was left untreated. After two weeks, each group underwent partial tissue excision from the same femoral region as well as from the brain, heart, kidney, and liver. RESULTS The specimens from all groups were obtained from the femoral region after two weeks and evaluated under light microscope. The light microscope revealed no histopathological changes in neurovascular structures or in deep connective tissues in any of the groups. CONCLUSION ABS provided hemostasis and was observed to stop bleeding. There were no histopathological changes at the tissue level and no pathological effects in other organs tissues under light microscope, and the remote organ tissue remained clear.

An anomalous muscle on the dorsomedial aspect of the foot (m. cuneo-naviculo-fascialis): case report.

The human foot occasionally has anomalous muscles, both extrinsic (originating from the leg and inserting on the foot) and intrinsic (both origin and insertion in the foot). The only intrinsic muscular structure in the dorsal foot is the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) muscle, which usually has four tendons; the first tendon is the extensor hallucis brevis (EHB). Many variations of the EDB muscle have been described.8 An anomalous muscle unlike those described in the literature was found in the dorsomedial aspect of the foot of a 7-yearold boy during surgery for excision of a mass.