Yannis S. Androulidakis
University of Miami
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Ocean Dynamics | 2016
Christos Makris; Panagiota Galiatsatou; K. Tolika; Christina Anagnostopoulou; Katerina Kombiadou; Panayotis Prinos; Kondylia Velikou; Zacharias G. Kapelonis; Elina Tragou; Yannis S. Androulidakis; Gerasimos Athanassoulis; Christos Vagenas; I. Tegoulias; Vassilis Baltikas; Yannis N. Krestenitis; Theodoros Gerostathis; Kostantinos Belibassakis; Eugen Rusu
This paper addresses the effects of estimated climate change on the sea-surface dynamics of the Aegean and Ionian Seas (AIS). The main aim is the identification of climate change impacts on the severity and frequency of extreme storm surges and waves in areas of the AIS prone to flooding. An attempt is made to define design levels for future research on coastal protection in Greece. Extreme value analysis is implemented through a nonstationary generalized extreme value distribution function, incorporating time harmonics in its parameters, by means of statistically defined criteria. A 50-year time span analysis is adopted and changes of means and extremes are determined. A Regional Climate Model (RegCM3) is implemented with dynamical downscaling, forced by ECHAM5 fields under 20C3M historical data for the twentieth century and the SRES-A1B scenario for the twenty-first century. Storm surge and wave models (GreCSSM and SWAN, respectively) are used for marine climate simulations. Comparisons of model results with reanalysis and field data of atmospheric and hydrodynamic characteristics, respectively, are in good agreement. Our findings indicate that the dynamically downscaled RegCM3 simulation adequately reproduces the present general circulation patterns over the Mediterranean and Greece. Future changes in sea level pressure and mean wind fields are estimated to be small, yet significant for marine extremes. In general, we estimate a projected intensification of severe wave and storm surge events during the first half of the twenty-first century and a subsequent storminess attenuation leading to the resettlement of milder extreme marine events with increased prediction uncertainty in the second half of the twenty-first century.
Journal of Geophysical Research | 2017
Vassiliki H. Kourafalou; Yannis S. Androulidakis; Matthieu Le Hénaff; Hee Sook Kang
Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies along the northern Cuban coast (CubANs) have been identified in the Straits of Florida, associated with the northward shift of the Florida Current (FC) and the anticyclonic curvature of the Loop Current (LC) at the western entrance of the Straits. The dynamics of CubAN eddies and their interaction with the LC/FC system are described for the first time using satellite, drifter and buoy data, and a high-resolution model. It is shown that the evolution of CubANs to the south of the FC front complements the evolution of cyclonic eddies to the north of the FC, advancing previous studies on synergy between FC meandering and eddy activity. Two types of CubAN eddies are characterized: (a) a main anticyclonic cell (type “A”) within the core of the LC during retracted phase conditions, associated with the process of LC Eddy (LCE) shedding from an extended LC, and (b) an individual, distinct anticyclonic eddy that is released from the main LC core and is advected eastward, along the northern Cuban coast (type “B”). There are also mixed cases, when the process of LCE shedding has started, so a type “A” CubAN is being formed, in the presence of one or more eastward progressing type “B” eddies. CubAN evolution is associated with an increased mixed layer and weaker stratification of the upper ocean along the eddys track. The cyclonic activity along the Cuban coast and wind-induced upwelling events also contribute to the evolution and fate of the CubAN eddies.
Journal of Geophysical Research | 2018
Yannis S. Androulidakis; Vassiliki H. Kourafalou; Tamay M. Özgökmen; Oscar Garcia-Pineda; Björn Lund; Matthieu Le Hénaff; Chuanmin Hu; Brian K. Haus; Guillaume Novelli; Cedric M. Guigand; H. Kang; Lars Robert Hole; Jochen Horstmann
The Taylor Energy Site is located in the vicinity of the Mississippi Delta region over the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM). Surface oil patches have been persistently observed within this site since 2004, when an oil rig was destroyed by Hurricane Ivan. A multiplatform observational experiment was conducted in April 2017 to investigate, for the first time, the main hydrocarbon pathways from the Taylor Energy Site toward the NGoM continental shelves, and the Gulf interior, under the influence of local and regional physical processes. Results indicate that the Mississippi River (MR)-induced fronts over the Taylor Energy Site, in combination with local circulation, prevailing winds and broader regional dynamics determine the hydrocarbon transport. The drifters deployed during the field experiment, in tandem with satellite data, drone imagery, wind measurements, and radar-derived data, efficiently described three major hydrocarbon pathways, associated with MR plume dynamics (downstream/upstream coastal currents) and basin-wide circulation (offshore pathway). Two different types of drifters, drogued and undrogued, showed clearly different pathways, which suggest potential differences in the expected advection of oil, depending on whether it forms a surface slick or whether it is partially mixed below the surface. The existence of multiple river fronts influenced the fate of oiled waters, preventing the hydrocarbons from reaching the Delta, like a natural boom barrier, trapping and directing the oil either westward or eastward. Thermohaline measurements showed that the MR plume near Taylor was 5–10 m deep, while the clearer ocean was characterized by a 40 m upper ocean homogenous layer.
Marine Pollution Bulletin | 2018
Shaojie Sun; Chuanmin Hu; Oscar Garcia-Pineda; Vassiliki H. Kourafalou; Matthieu Le Hénaff; Yannis S. Androulidakis
An oil platform in the Mississippi Canyon 20 (MC-20) site was damaged by Hurricane Ivan in September 2004. In this study, we use medium- to high-resolution (10-30 m) optical remote sensing imagery to systematically assess oil spills near this site for the period between 2004 and 2016. Image analysis detects no surface oil in 2004, but ~40% of the cloud-free images in 2005 show oil slicks, and this number increases to ~70% in 2006-2011, and >80% since 2012. For all cloud-free images from 2005 through 2016 (including those without oil slicks), delineated oil slicks show an average oil coverage of 14.9 km2/image, with an estimated oil discharge rate of 48 to ~1700 barrels/day, and a cumulative oil-contaminated area of 1900 km2 around the MC-20 site. Additional analysis suggests that the detected oil slick distribution can be largely explained by surface currents, winds, and density fronts.
Journal of Geophysical Research | 2013
Vassiliki H. Kourafalou; Yannis S. Androulidakis
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers | 2012
Yannis S. Androulidakis; Vassiliki H. Kourafalou; Yannis N. Krestenitis; Vassilis Zervakis
Journal of Coastal Conservation | 2011
Yannis N. Krestenitis; Yannis S. Androulidakis; Yannis N. Kontos; George Georgakopoulos
Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans | 2015
Yannis S. Androulidakis; Katerina Kombiadou; Christos Makris; Vassilis Baltikas; Yannis N. Krestenitis
Ocean Dynamics | 2013
Yannis S. Androulidakis; Vassiliki H. Kourafalou
Continental Shelf Research | 2012
Yannis S. Androulidakis; Yannis N. Krestenitis; Vassiliki H. Kourafalou
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Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies
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