Yoshinari Imajo

Radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Retrospective review of 105 patients based on a survey of Kansai Cancer Therapist Group

One hundred five patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with radiation therapy combined with or without chemotherapy at 16 of the participating institutes in Kansai Cancer Therapist Group, Japan, from January 1978 to December 1980. The study comprised 77 males and 28 females; their ages ranged from 15 to 80 years (mean, 53 years). Five‐year survival rates according to stage were as follows: Stage I, 100%; Stage II, 67%; Stage III, 44%; and Stage IV, 34%. As far as Stage IV disease was concerned, the radiation therapy only group showed significantly poorer prognosis than the combined radiation and chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). Cancer 57:2267–2271, 1986.

Radiochemotherapy for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in palatine tonsil

From January 1966 to December 1980, 367 cases of non‐Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) were autopsied at Kobe University Hospital. The rate of extranodular type was 76.7% and the most common site of origin was the palatine tonsil. Of 133 patients with NHL in the palatine tonsil, at the Kobe University Hospital 110 were treated. All of the patients were treated by irradiation. Sixty‐one patients were treated by irradiation alone. Forty‐nine patients were treated in addition with conventional chemotherapy using vincristine, cyclophosphamide, endoxan a, and prednisolone. In 14 of 49 patients, adjuvant immunochemotherapy using a Streptococcus pyogenes (OK‐432) was added at maintenance dose in combination with induction radiochemotherapy. The survival curve of the patients treated by radiochemotherapy is better than that of the patients treated by irradiation alone. The survival rates at 0 to 1, 1 to 2, and 2 to 3 years for the patients treated by radiochemotherapy were 81.5, 66.3, and 59.0%, respectively, significantly higher than those of the radiotherapy group. The 5‐year survival rates of the radiotherapy group were 50.2% for Stage I and 26.5% for Stage II patients. The rates increased to 78% and 41.8% by radiochemotherapy. The extranodal NHL of Stage II also frequently develops into the advanced stage and adjuvant chemotherapy is necessary for such patients.

Active specific immunotherapy using the immune reaction of a low-dose irradiated tumor tissue

Active specific immunotherapy using the immune reaction of a low-dose irradiated tumor tissue was studied on the transplanted MM46 tumor of female C3H/He mice after radiotherapy. MM46 tumor cells were inoculated into the right hind paws of mice. On the 5th day, irradiation with the dose of 3000 rad was performed. On the 11th day, tumor cells and mononuclear cells, which were separated from the low-dose irradiated tumor tissue (2000 rad on the fifth day), were injected into the left hind paws of the tumor-bearing mice. Effectiveness of this active specific immunotherapy against tumor was evaluated by the regression of tumor and survival rate of mice. Tumor was markedly regressed and survival rate was significantly increased by the active specific immunotherapy.

Combination Therapy of Radiation and Immunomodulators in the Treatment of MM46 Tumor Transplanted in C3H/He Mice

Female C3H/He mice aged 10 weeks with transplanted MM46 tumor were used in an investigation of the timing of administration of immunomodulators, such as PSK (a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from Coriolus versicolor), OK-432 (streptococcal preparation), bestatin (inhibitor of aminopeptidase B) combined with two fractionated local irradiation with the total dose of 3,000 rad. The daily dose of 250 mg/kg of PSK, 1.0 KE/mouse of OK-432, or 300 μg/mouse of bestatin were injected intraperitoneally for 4 consecutive days before or after irradiation. The antitumor effect was evaluated by the changes of tumor volume and survival curves. When PSK or OK-432 was administered after irradiation, tumor growth was decreased and 60-day survival rate and survival curve were significantly elongated compared with the control group and the group to which PSK or OK-432 were administered before irradiation (p

Improvement of the Tumor-Suppressive Effect of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Amelanotic Melanoma by Intratumoral Injection of the Tyrosinase Gene

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is successful when there is a sufficient (10)B concentration in tumor cells. In melanoma, (10)B-para-boronophenylalanine (BPA) accumulation is proportional to melanin-producing activity. This study was done to confirm enhancement of the tumor-suppressive effect of BNCT on amelanotic melanoma by intratumoral injection of the tyrosinase gene. D178 or FF amelanotic melanomas were implanted s.c. in Syrian hamsters. One group of D178- or FF-bearing hamsters (TD178 or TFF group) received intratumoral injections of pcDNA-Tyrs constructed as a tyrosinase expression plasmid. The other hamsters (pD178 and pFF groups) were injected with pUC119, and control hamsters (D178 and FF groups) only with transfection reagents. All the groups underwent immunofluorescence analysis of tyrosinase expression and BPA biodistribution studies. BNCT experiments were done at the Kyoto University Research Reactor. Tyrosinase expression increased in the tumors of the TD178 and TFF groups but remained the same in the pD178 and pFF groups. Tumor boron concentrations in the TD178 and TFF groups increased significantly (TD178: 49.7 +/- 12.6 versus D178: 27.2 +/- 4.9 microg/g, P < 0.0001; TFF: 30.7 +/- 6.6 versus FF: 13.0 +/- 4.7 microg/g, P < 0.0001). The BNCT tumor-suppressive effect was marked in the TD178 and TFF groups. In vivo transfection with the tyrosinase gene increased BPA accumulation in the tumors, the BNCT tumor-suppressive effect on amelanotic melanoma being significantly enhanced. These findings suggest a potential new clinical strategy for the treatment of amelanotic melanoma with BNCT.

Clinical evaluation of radio and chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung.

昭和47年1月から58年8月迄の間に当科を訪れた肺小細胞癌例のうち, 検討可能な例につき治療成績を調査した. III期非観血例の1年生存率は28%, IV期例では9%であった. III期症例においては, 昭和52年以降の症例はそれ以前の症例に比し有意に生存率の向上を認め, 放射線治療に化学療法を併用することの有用性が示された. CR症例はPR, PD症例より有意に良好な生存率を示した. 病理組織亜型と生存率とは関連を認めなかった.

The effectiveness of combination therapy (irradiation and chemotherapy) for malignant lymphoma in the palatine tonsill

1. 口蓋扁桃悪性リンパ腫の放射線単独治療群の1年から4年までの生存率は, 64%, 47%, 36%, 34%であったが, 放射線化学療法併用群では82%, 66%, 60%, 49%と生存曲線は有意に上昇が認められた.2. 実測生存率による0～1年, 2～3年で放化群の生存率が有意に高かった.3. Stage I では放単群と放化群の生存率に有意差を認めなかった.4. Stage II では0～1年, 2～3年の観察期間で放化群の生存率は放単群に比較して, 有意に高かった.5. Stae III, IVでも放化群の生存期間の延長が認められた.6. Lucus-Collins の分類では Non-T Non-B の生存率が最も良く B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma でも他領域の悪性リンパ腫に比較して予後は良好であった.