Yoshitaka Hashimoto

Experimental HDTV digital VTR with a bit rate of 1 Gbps

This paper describes the technical details of an experimental High Definition Television (HDTV) digital VTR with a bit rate of 1.037 Gbps. The basic parameters, which must be taken into account in designing the record/ playback system of any digital VTR, are the tape and head materials, modulation code, minimum recording wave length and maximum recording frequency. To obtain a short recording wave length, metal particle tape and Sendust sputtered type heads have been used. In order to achieve the longest minimum wave length and the lowest maximum frequency, scrambled NRZ and 8-8 conversion, requiring no overhead, were studied as possible modulation codes. A special multi-channel rotary transformer with an extended frequency response has been newly developed in order to record the video data with 8 heads, and to reproduce with an additional 8 heads. Since the total recording rate is 1.037 Gbps, the recording rate per channel is 130 Mbps. The tape/head interface and channel equalization are also thoroughly investigated. Using this experimental machine, the fundamental feasibility of such an ultra high-speed digital recording has been confirmed. The experimental results and the possibility of a higher recording data rate are discussed.

A New Multiplier-Adder LSI for Digital Video Processing

Circuit arithmetique multiplicateur-additionneur en circuit integre grande echelle, technologie MOS complementaire et structure pipeline pour diverses applications de traitement numeriques en television

Cameras and display systems

We first discuss the position of cameras and displays in digital television systems. It is difficult to realize these devices in digital form so cameras and displays will remain analog for some time, even after television signal processing is implemented digitally. Nevertheless, the importance of camera and display in television systems will not diminish. These devices will always be key elements in the human interface. Second, we describe the current state of the art and future trends in camera and display technology. In addition to providing an overview of the charge coupled device (CCD), we discuss the digital technologies used in a CCD camera. We also provide an overview of currently available displays-CRTs, flat panel displays, projection displays, and head-mounted displays (HMDs)-and discuss future possible lines of research. Finally, we discuss camera and display technology as applied to digital television systems, including the use of these devices in a multimedia environment. >

An oral cathepsin K inhibitor ONO-5334 inhibits N-terminal and C-terminal collagen crosslinks in serum and urine at similar plasma concentrations in postmenopausal women

Relationships between the plasma concentration of a cathepsin K inhibitor (ONO-5334) and inhibition of bone resorption markers N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) in serum and urinary NTX/creatinine and CTX/creatinine were examined in 10 postmenopausal women. The subjects received slow-release tablets of 100mg ONO-5534 under fasted or fed conditions in a study with a crossover design. Inhibition of serum NTX and CTX levels and plasma concentrations of ONO-5334 were monitored at 0, 24, 48 and 168 h after dosing. Changes in urinary NTX/creatinine and CTX/creatinine levels in second morning urine were evaluated on 0, 1, 2 and 7 days after dosing. Data were analyzed using sigmoid maximal drug effect (Emax) models. The maximal inhibition, estimated Emax values, were -31.8% for serum NTX, -53.1% for serum CTX, -67.2% for urinary NTX/creatinine, and -95.2% for urinary CTX/creatinine. The estimated half maximal effective plasma concentrations (EC50) of ONO-5334 and confidence intervals were 1.79 (1.01 to 3.16) ng/mL for serum NTX, 2.07 (1.63 to 2.62) ng/mL for serum CTX, 1.85 (1.30 to 2.61) ng/mL for urinary NTX/creatinine, and 1.98 (0.94 to 3.76) ng/mL for urinary CTX/creatinine. EC50 values for the four crosslinks did not significantly differ, as indicated by the overlapping 95% confidence intervals. The highest signal-to-noise ratio was achieved with serum CTX, and was 2-fold higher than that on serum NTX. Inhibition for serum NTX and CTX, and urinary NTX/creatinine and CTX/creatinine by ONO-5334 were all correlated with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.55 to 0.80. In conclusion, data of ONO-5334 slow-releasing tablets in postmenopausal women were well fitted in Emax model. In all measured telopeptides, the maximal inhibition was obtained at urinary CTX/creatinine level, but serum CTX had the highest signal-to-noise ratio. Inhibition for all measured telopeptides by ONO-5334 were all correlated. The estimated half maximal effective plasma concentrations were not significantly different between all measured telopeptides.

Effects of novel cathepsin K inhibitor ONO-5334 on bone resorption markers: a study of four sustained release formulations with different pharmacokinetic patterns

The purpose of the study was clarify the effect of the cathepsin K inhibitor ONO-5334 on bone resortion markers using sustained release (SR) formulations with different pharmacokinetic (PK) patterns, and identify the optimal SR formulation. The PK profiles and pharmacodynamic effect on bone resorption markers of 4 SR candidates formulations were evaluated in healthy postmenopausal women within a randomized, 2-part, open-label crossover study. In Part A, subject received a single dose of each formulation orally in the fed state. In Part B, two selected formulations were evaluated in the fasted state. From the results from Part A, Cmax was reduced and plasma concentrations of ONO-5334 were sustained with all SR formulations compared with an immediate release tablet. In pharmacodynamics, the level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) in serum and urine were inhibited with SR tablets rather than with granules. Cmax and area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last measurable time point (AUC0−t) of SR tablets were higher than those of granules. From Part B, Cmax in the fasted condition was lower than that in the fed condition with two SR tablets. In contrast, C24 h in the fasted condition was slightly higher than that in the fed condition, but AUC0−t was similar. The inhibitory effect on CTX in serum and urine may depend on the PK pattern of ONO-5334. The SR tablets was well tolerated in postmenopausal women and has the optimal SR profiles on pharmacodynamics effect on bone resortion markers and PK profile. These results suggest that SR tablets of ONO-5334 are an excellent drug candidate for osteoporosis.