Yuanfei Jiang

Optimally enhanced optical emission in laser-induced air plasma by femtosecond double-pulse

In laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, a femtosecond double-pulse laser was used to induce air plasma. The plasma spectroscopy was observed to lead to significant increase of the intensity and reproducibility of the optical emission signal compared to femtosecond single-pulse laser. In particular, the optical emission intensity can be optimized by adjusting the delay time of femtosecond double-pulse. An appropriate pulse-to-pulse delay was selected, that was typically about 50 ps. This effect can be especially advantageous in the context of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, plasma channel, and so on.

Comparison of plasma temperature and electron density on nanosecond laser ablation of Cu and nano-Cu

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is performed through the collection of spectra by spectral detection equipment at different delay times and distances from targets composed of Cu and nano-Cu, which are ablated using a Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 10 ns, 10 Hz) in our experiments. The measured wavelength range is from 475 nm to 525 nm. Using the local thermodynamic equilibrium model, we analyze the characteristics of the plasma temperature and the electron number density for different distances between the target surface and the lens. The results show that when compared with the nano-Cu plasma case, the temperature of the Cu plasma is higher, while its electron number density is lower.

Plume splitting and rebounding in a high-intensity CO2 laser induced air plasma

The dynamics of plasma plume formed by high-intensity CO2 laser induced breakdown of air at atmospheric pressure is investigated. The laser wavelength is 10.6 μm. Measurements were made using 3 ns gated fast photography as well as space and time resolved optical emission spectroscopy. The behavior of the plasma plume was studied with a laser energy of 3 J and 10 J. The results show that the evolution of the plasma plume is very complicated. The splitting and rebounding of the plasma plume is observed to occur early in the plumes history.

Optical emission generated from silicon under dual-wavelength femtosecond double-pulse laser irradiation.

In femtosecond double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, collinear double-pulse performance is investigated experimentally using various laser wavelength combinations of 800 nm and 400 nm Ti: sapphire lasers. The induced plasma emission line collected by BK7 lenses is the Si (I) at 390.55 nm. The double-pulse time separation ranges from -300 ps to 300 ps. The line intensity is dependent on the time separation of the dual-wavelength femtosecond double-pulse, and its behavior is unlike that of single-wavelength femtosecond double-pulses. Optical emission intensity can be enhanced by selecting appropriate time separation between sub-pulses. This result is particularly advantageous in the context of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Enhancement of laser-induced Fe plasma spectroscopy with dual-wavelength femtosecond double-pulse

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a study of Fe plasma using collinear dual-wavelength femtosecond double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with a fundamental wavelength (800 nm) and a second harmonic wavelength (400 nm) from Ti:sapphire laser. By varying the time separation of the dual-wavelength femtosecond double-pulse, the experimental results clearly show the signal enhancement up to a factor of 10 and more than 10 times, in comparison with it at 0 ps time separation. The electron temperature and electron density are analyzed as the basic parameters of plasma properties, and they are respectively based on the theory of Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening. It proves that dual-wavelength femtosecond double-pulse LIBS is excellent for enhancing the emission intensity of the signal.

Persistence of atomic spectral line on laser-induced Cu plasma with spatial confinement

This paper carries out the spatial confinement effect on laser-induced Cu breakdown spectroscopy in a cylindrical cavity via a nanosecond pulsed Q-switch Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm. The temporal evolution of the laser-induced plasma spectroscopy is used to investigate the characteristics of spectral persistence. The atomic spectral persistence in plasma generated from Cu with spatial confinement is experimentally demonstrated, where the results indicate that the diameter of the confinement cavity plays a very important role in the persistence of an excited neutral Cu emission line, while the depth of the confinement cavity is almost independent of Cu (I) line persistence. As the diameter of the confinement cavity increases, the persistence of the Cu (I) line in the plasma grows longer under a certain limit. The likely reason for this phenomenon is that under spatial confinement, the reflected shockwave compresses the plasma and leads to an increase in the plasma temperature and dens...

Temperature effect on femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of glass sample

In this study, we observed the evolution of the spectral emission intensity of a glass sample with the increase of sample temperature, laser energy, and delay time in femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-LIBS). In the experiment, the sample was uniformly heated from 22 °C to 200 °C, the laser energy was changed from 0.3 mJ to 1.8 mJ, and the delay time was adjusted from 0.6 μs to 3.0 μs. The results indicated that increasing the sample temperature could enhance the emission intensity and reduce the limits of detection, which is attributed to the increase in the ablated mass and the plasma temperature. And the spectral intensity increases with the increase of the laser energy and the delay time, however, the spectral line intensity no longer increases when the laser pulse energy and delay time reach a certain value. This study will lead to a further improvement in the applications of fs-LIBS.

Two sequential enhancements of laser-induced Cu plasma with cylindrical cavity confinement

This study was conducted to investigate spatial confinement effects in laser-induced Cu plasma via optical emission spectroscopy. Two sequential enhancement events of Cu atomic emission lines were observed. This phenomenon was attributed to the compressed plasma by the reflected shockwave facilitating a highly condensed plasma core area with high plasma temperature and a dense population of excited atoms.

Influence of distance between focusing lens and target surface on laser-induced Cu plasma temperature

In this study, the influence of distance between the focusing lens and target surface on the plasma temperature of copper induced by a Nd:YAG laser was investigated in the atmosphere. The plasma temperature was calculated by using the Cu (I) lines (510.55 nm, 515.32 nm, and 521.82 nm). The Cu (I) lines were recorded under different lens-to-sample distances and laser pulse energies (15.8 mJ, 27.0 mJ, 43.4 mJ, 59.2 mJ, and 76.8 mJ). The results indicated that the plasma temperature depended strongly on the distance between the focusing lens and target surface. With the increase in the distance, the plasma temperature firstly rose, and then dropped. This could be attributed to the interaction between the tailing of the nanosecond laser pulse and the front portion of the plasma plume, the plasma shielding effect, and the expanding of the plasma. In addition, there was an interesting phenomenon that the plasma temperature and the emission intensity were not completely consistent with the change of the lens-to-...

Spatial confinement effect on femtosecond laser-induced Cu plasma spectroscopy

The effect of spatial confinement on femtosecond laser-induced Cu plasmas was investigated by time-resolved spectroscopy. The cylindrical cavities with various diameters (2 and 3 mm) and various heights (2, 3, and 4 mm) were placed on the sample surface. An obvious enhancement in the emission intensity of Cu atomic lines was observed when a cylindrical cavity was used to confine the femtosecond laser-induced Cu plasmas. The results showed that enhancement ratios in femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with spatial confinement varied with cavity diameters and atomic emission lines selected. The spatial confinement effect was not significantly influenced by the cavity height because the height of plasma plume is lower than the cavity height. The maximum enhancement ratio for the emission intensities of the Cu atomic lines was measured to be around 3 at a time delay of 3.5 μs when the cavity diameter is 2 mm. The spectral enhancement is attributed to the compression of the plasma by the reflected...