Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti

Anti-adherent activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil on Candida albicans: an SEM analysis

Objetivo: Avaliar a atividade antiaderente do oleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis (Alecrim) sobre Candida albicans (ATCC289065). nMetodologia: O oleo essencial de R. officinalis foi avaliado nas concentracoes 0,56 mg/mL; 1,12 mg/mL e 2,25 mg/mL, atraves de Microscopia Eletronica de Varredura (MEV). Adicionou-se, em tubos de vidro estereis: 1 corpo de prova de resina acrilica; 2 mL de caldo Sabouraud-Dextrose; 0,2 mL do inoculo fungico e 2 mL do oleo essencial de R. officinalis nas concentracoes testadas. Agua destilada esteril e nistatina (100.000 UI/mL) funcionaram como controle. Os produtos testados foram adicionados em duas condicoes: junto aos demais componentes do dispositivo de aderencia (t=0h); e apos 24 h da insercao desses componentes (t=24 h). Os tubos foram incubados a 37 oC durante 48 h. Os especimes foram fixados e preparados para analise em MEV. nResultados: Na concentracao 0,56 mg/mL o oleo essencial de R. officinalis, foi semelhante a nistatina (t=0 h e t=24 h). Na concentracao 2,25 mg/mL, o produto natural provocou inibicao significativa da aderencia e rompimento celular. Efeito intermediario foi observado em 1,12 mg/mL. Maior inibicao da aderencia foi observada em t=24 h. nConclusao: O oleo essencial de R. officinalis apresentou atividade antiaderente sobre C. albicans. Maior inibicao da aderencia foi observada para o estado de agregacao celular (t=24 h) e maior concentracao do produto natural.

Accuracy of the third molar maturity index in assessing the legal age of 18 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The age estimation is a complex procedure required in the daily practice of legal medicine. The maturity of third molars stands out by the age of 18 because these teeth are still in development. This systematic review aimed to assess the accuracy of the third molar maturity index (I3M), proposed by Cameriere et al. (2008), in discriminating whether an individual is under or over 18xa0years. Seven electronic databases were screened: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, SIGLE, and CAPES. Eligible studies included an assessment of I3M accuracy at the 0.08 cut-off value. The quality assessment was performed by using QUADAS 2. Three meta-analyses (MA) were accomplished: overall, one for males and another for females. From 2397 articles identified, 16 met the eligibility criteria. Of these, two showed high risk of bias, one in the reference standard domain and the other in the flow and timing domain. The percentage of individuals correctly classified ranged from 72.4 to 96.0%. The overall MA showed pooled sensitivity of 0.86 (0.84 to 0.87; pu2009=u20090.0000) and pooled specificity of 0.93 (0.92 to 0.94; pu2009=u20090.0000). The AUC (area under the summary receiver operator characteristics curve) and DOR (diagnostic odds ratio) values were, respectively, 0.9652 and 104.68, indicating an overall high discrimination effect. Separately, better results of accuracy were found for males. High heterogeneity was achieved for both sensibility (94.6%) and specificity (88.8%). We conclude that the I3M is a suitable and useful method for estimating adulthood regarding forensic purposes, regardless of gender.

Impact of the anatomical location, alcoholism and smoking on the prevalence of advanced oral cancer in Brazil

Background To evaluate the prevalence of oral cancer in Brazil according to the clinical stage, anatomical location, alcoholism and smoking. Material and Methods Data referring to 31,217 cases of oral cancer, from 2000 to 2010, were obtained from the Integrator Module of the Hospital Registry of Cancer. Inconsistent data (“non-classified” cases) was eliminated and 21,160 cases were analyzed. The frequency distribution according to clinical stage, anatomical location, alcoholism and smoking was analyzed descriptively and through a binary logistic regression model (α<0.05). The clinical stage (dependent variable) was dichotomized in early stage (I and II) or advanced stage (III and IV). The year of diagnosis, anatomical location and deleterious habits (alcoholism and smoking) were considered independent variables. Results The most frequent characteristics were: oropharynx location (n=3856, 18.41%), clinical stage IV (n=11924, 56.09%) and combined use of alcohol and tobacco (n=19226; 61.59%). The year 2009 (p<0.01, PR = 1.162, CI-95%=1.053-1.283) and location at the base of tongue (p<0.01, PR = 2.485, CI-95% = 2.182-2.807) presented a higher prevalence ratio for advanced stage oral cancer. The combined use of alcohol and tobacco showed a higher prevalence rate for the advanced clinical stage of cancer (p<0.01, PR =1.449, CI-95%=1.382-1.520) if compared to individuals without habits, or just alcoholics. Conclusions Higher prevalence of advanced stage of oral cancer is related to the localization at the base of the tongue and to the concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco. Therefore, it can be suggested that all these characteristics lead to a worse prognosis of oral cancer. Key words:Oral cancer, neoplasm staging, alcoholism, tobacco use disorder.

Advanced-stage tongue and mouth floor cancer is related to tobacco and alcohol abuse

IntroductionSmoking and alcoholism are recognized factors associated with the prevalence of oral cancer. However, the role of these habits on the severity of lesions still needs to be elucidated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of tongue and mouth floor cancer according to the clinical stage and how it correlates with alcoholism and smoking habits in Brazil from 2000 to 2010.MethodsData referring to 11,873 cases of tongue and mouth floor cancer were obtained from the Integrator Module of the Hospital Registry of Cancer. Internal inconsistencies (non-classified cases) and data with no relevant information were eliminated. The final sample value considered for statistical analysis was equal to 8417 cases. An analysis of frequency distribution and binary logistic regression modeling was performed, using a significance level of 5%.ResultsThe concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco (69%, nxa0=xa05808) and clinical stage grade IV (55.9%, nxa0=xa04703) were the most frequent findings. A higher prevalence of advanced lesions was observed in 2008 (PRxa0=xa01.715, 95% CIxa0=xa01.254–2.347, pxa0<xa00.01). The prevalence ratio of advanced tongue and mouth floor cancer (clinical stages III and IV) was observed to be significant for both smokers only (pxa0<xa00.01; PRxa0=xa01.460; 95% CIxa0=xa01.222–1.745) and for individuals who were both smokers and alcoholics (pxa0<xa00.05; RPxa0=xa02.279; 95% CIxa0=xa01.980–2.622). ConclusionData from the 11-year registry suggest that smoking contributes significantly to the prevalence of advanced cases of tongue and mouth floor cancer. It is also implied that concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco increases the prevalence of advanced-stage oral cancer. Prospective cohort studies are still necessary to prove such relationships.

The use of mouthguards and prevalence of dento-alveolar trauma among athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND/AIMSnThe evidence that mouthguards prevent dental trauma is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine, through a systematic review and meta-analysis (MA), the impact of mouthguards (MG) on the prevalence of dento-alveolar trauma (DT) among athletes of contact sports.nnnMATERIAL AND METHODSnSearches were performed at Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, and SIGLE without restriction of language or publication date. After the application of eligibility criteria, studies were evaluated regarding their methodology quality and risk of bias. Two meta-analyses (MA) were performed considering: studies free of problems or with minor problems (MA1) and only free of problems studies (MA2). DT prevalence (events) and total number of athletes from each group (use of MG and non-use of MG) were used for odds ratio calculation (αxa0=xa05%). The evidence was quality tested using the GRADE approach.nnnRESULTSnA total of 256 articles were identified. After applying the eligibility criteria, 14 studies were selected for qualitative synthesis, and 11 were used in quantitative synthesis. Meta-analyses showed that 73% (MA1) and 83% (MA2) of mouthguard users have a lower prevalence of DT. In MA1 (eight studies), DT prevalence among MG users was 7.75% (nxa0=xa0183), while non-users had 48.31% (nxa0=xa0974) (ORxa0=xa00.18, 95% CIxa0=xa00.07-0.45, Pxa0<xa00.001). In MA2 (three studies), DT prevalence among MG users was 7.5% (nxa0=xa0160), while DT prevalence among non-users was 59.48% (nxa0=xa0750) (ORxa0=xa00.10, 95% CIxa0=xa00.05-0.08, Pxa0<xa00.001), with moderate evidence quality level.nnnCONCLUSIONnMouthguards contribute to a lower prevalence of dento-alveolar trauma among athletes of contact sports.

Antifungal, antibiofilm, and antiproliferative activities of Guapira graciliflora Mart

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antifungal, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activities of the extract from the leaves of Guapira graciliflora Mart. The phytochemical characterization of the extract was performed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The antimicrobial activity of the extract and its fractions was evaluated using the broth microdilution method against species of Candida. The inhibition of C. albicans biofilm was evaluated based on the number of colony-forming units (CFU) and metabolic activity (MTT). The antiproliferative activity of the extract and its fraction was evaluated in the presence of human tumor and non-tumor cells, and the cytotoxicity of the extract was determined on the RAW 264.7 macrophage line - both using the sulforhodamine B method. The phytochemical characterization indicated the presence of the flavonoids rutin and kaempferol. The extract and the methanol fraction exhibited moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata, and strong activity against C. dubliniensis. In the biofilms at 24 and 48 hours, the concentration of 12500 µg/mL of the extract was the most effective at reducing the number of CFU s/mL (44.4% and 42.9%, respectively) and the metabolic activity of C. albicans cells (34.6% and 52%, respectively). The extract and its fractions had no antiproliferative effect on the tumor lines tested, with mean activity (log GI50) equal to or greater than 1.71 µg/mL. Macrophage cell viability remained higher than 80% for concentrations of the extract of up to 62.5 µg/mL. G. graciliflora has flavonoids in its chemical composition and demonstrates potential antifungal and antibiofilm activity, with no evidence of a significant change in the viability of human tumor and non-tumor cell lines.

Antifungal Activity of Eugenol and its Association with Nystatin on Candida albicans

Objective: To evaluate the anti- Candida effect of eugenol and its antimicrobial interaction with nystatin. Material and Methods: The antimicrobial potential was assessed by microdilution technique (M27A3 reference method), by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against C. albicans (ATCC 90028). The possible action of eugenol on the fungal cell wall was evaluated with the assistance of the osmotic protector sorbitol (0.8 M). The antimicrobial interaction with nystatin was assessed through the checkerboard method. All tests were performed in triplicate. Results: All groups showed reductions in PI and GBI values and improvements in oral health knowledge, but IG1 and IG2 showed statistically significant differences in these variables compared to CG. Conclusion: The eugenol has antifungal activity against C. albicans and its mechanism of action is probably not related to damage to the fungal cell wall. Association between eugenol and nystatin was not found to be an advantageous possibility for growth inhibition of C. albican .

Efeito sobre a morfologia do esmalte dental e análise físico-química de medicamentos utilizados por pacientes pediátricos com paralisia cerebral

Introduction Many liquid pediatric medicines are considered risk factors for tooth structure. This potential may increase when taken chronically as is the case of some conditions such as cerebral palsy. Objective To evaluate the effect on the morphology of dental enamel and the physicochemical properties of continuous use of drugs given to pediatric patients with cerebral palsy. Material and method The sample consisted of three drugs for epilepsy: Phenobarbital (D1), Carbamazepine (D2), Oxcarbazepine (D3); and one drug for gastroesophageal reflux: Domperidone (D4). All in oral suspension. The pH, content of total soluble solids (TSS), and viscosity of the drugs were analyzed. The tests were made two measurements. For SEM analysis, 15 bovine enamel blocks were randomly distributed and immersed in oxcarbazepine (n=5); carbamazepine (n=5); and artificial saliva (n=5). The immersion cycles were made for 6 days, during 5 minutes, 2 times a day with intervals of 12 hours, when they were kept in artificial saliva. The control group remained in artificial saliva. Data were descriptively analyzed. Result Regarding endogenous pH, values ranged from 2.82 (D3) to 9.60 (D1). For TSS, the highest and lowest mean values were, respectively, 20.5% (D3) and 46% (D1). Viscosity ranged from 6.89 mm2/s (D1) to 58 mm2/s (D3). In SEM, observed alterations suggestive of loss of structure in the enamel in oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine from the action of the drugs analyzed. Conclusion It was concluded that the pediatric liquid drugs analyzed, indicated to patients with cerebral palsy, have the potential cariogenic and erosive, especially the Oxcarbazepine.

PRÓTESE PARCIAL REMOVÍVEL PROVISÓRIA TIPO OVERLAY NA REABILITAÇÃO ORAL DE PACIENTE COM COLAPSO OCLUSAL POSTERIOR

Introducao: Nos casos clinicos em que se verifica a diminuicao da Dimensao Vertical de Oclusao (DVO) e o desequilibrio do sistema estomatognatico, varios estudos sugerem a reabilitacao oral provisoria com Proteses Parciais Removiveis (PPR) de recobrimento oclusal (tipo Overlay), associadas ou nao com a confeccao de restauracoes, de modo a recuperar a DVO, restabelecer o plano oclusal e eliminar alteracoes envolvidas com o desequilibrio da oclusao, servindo como guia orientadora da reabilitacao final. Relato de caso: Este artigo descreve o uso de PPR provisoria tipo Overlay na reabilitacao oral de paciente do sexo feminino, 56 anos, com colapso oclusal posterior e desgastes dentarios excessivos. Essa opcao de abordagem foi adotada com o objetivo de preparar o meio bucal e reestabelecer a DVO previamente a reabilitacao com proteses definitivas. A sequencia de tratamento envolveu os procedimentos de exame clinico e radiografico, moldagem, determinacao estetica e funcional dos planos oclusais, atraves do registro da DVO e da Relacao Centrica (RC), montagem em Articulador Semi-Ajustavel (ASA), provas clinicas e instalacao/ajustes. Conclusao: A instalacao da PPR provisoria do tipo overlay contribuiu para protecao e condicionamento dos tecidos orais, reestabelecimentos das relacoes intermaxilares, e favorecimento da estetica, fonetica e funcao mastigatoria. Esses beneficios proporcionaram conforto ao paciente e adaptacao do individuo a nova configuracao do sistema estomatognatico. n nDESCRITORES nProtese Parcial Removivel. Revestimento de Dentadura. Dimensao Vertical.

Efeito antimicrobiano de tinturas de produtos naturais sobre bactérias da cárie dentária - doi: 10.5020/18061230.2012.p197

Objective: To evaluate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of tinctures of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), Calendula officinalis (Marigold) and Mikania glomerata (Guaco) nupon decay-causing bacteria and compare them to chlorhexidine’s. Methods: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution technique, using 96-well microplates. In each well were inserted 10μL of inoculum (108 cells/mL), 100μL of doubly nconcentrated BHI broth and 100μL of tinctures at concentrations that vary between 100 and 0.78 mg/mL for T1, T2 and T3. As positive control, Chlorhexidine 0.12% was used. Reading was performed after 24 hours, by visual method. The assays were realized in triplicate. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was obtained by seeding of last bacteriostatic and its preceding concentrations, for each product, on Blood Agar. The MBC was considered nin the plates that did not present any bacterial growth. Results: Upon Streptococcus mutans, MIC was verified at 6.25mg/mL, for T1, T2, and T3 and MBC at 12.5mg/mL for T1 and T2, and at 6.25mg/mL for T3. Upon Streptococcus oralis, all products presented MIC and MBC at 0.78mg/mL. For Chlorhexidine, the MIC and MBC were 0,04mg/mL, upon S. nmutans and S. oralis. Conclusion: The tinctures of Rosemary, Marigold and Guaco showed bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities at low concentrations, upon Streptococcus mutans ne Streptococcus oralis. However, the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine was superior to the tinctures’.