Zhongshi Yang

A multichannel visible spectroscopy system for the ITER-like W divertor on EAST

To facilitate long-pulse high power operation, an ITER-like actively cooled tungsten (W) divertor was installed in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) to replace the original upper graphite divertor in 2014. A dedicated multichannel visible spectroscopic diagnostic system has been accordingly developed for the characterization of the plasma and impurities in the W divertor. An array of 22 lines-of-sight (LOSs) provides a profile measurement of the light emitted from the plasma along upper outer divertor, and the other 17 vertical LOSs view the upper inner divertor, achieving a 13 mm poloidal resolution in both regions. The light emitted from the plasma is collected by a specially designed optical lens assembly and then transferred to a Czerny-Turner spectrometer via 40 m quartz fibers. At the end, the spectra dispersed by the spectrometer are recorded with an Electron-Multiplying Charge Coupled Device (EMCCD). The optical throughput and quantum efficiency of the system are optimized in the wavelength range 350-700 nm. The spectral resolution/coverage can be adjusted from 0.01 nm/3 nm to 0.41 nm/140 nm by switching the grating with suitable groove density. The frame rate depends on the setting of LOS number in EMCCD and can reach nearly 2 kHz for single LOS detection. The light collected by the front optical lens can also be divided and partly transferred to a photomultiplier tube array with specified bandpass filter, which can provide faster sampling rates by up to 200 kHz. The spectroscopic diagnostic is routinely operated in EAST discharges with absolute optical calibrations applied before and after each campaign, monitoring photon fluxes from impurities and H recycling in the upper divertor. This paper presents the technical details of the diagnostic and typical measurements during EAST discharges.

Modeling of radiative divertor experiments with argon seeding for H-mode plasma in EAST

To obtain a quantitative understanding of the recent radiative divertor experiments and to give an instructive prediction for the future relative work performed on EAST, the 2D numerical tool SOLPS has been used to investigate the argon seeded EAST H-mode plasmas. The simulations were mainly based on a typical H-mode discharge with lower single null divertor configuration, in which the partially detached divertor plasma has been achieved due to the argon seeding. First the perpendicular particle and energy transport coefficients for particle density diffusivity D⊥, electron and ion conduction, χ⊥i,e were radially varied to determine the edge transport barrier in H-mode plasma by comparing the simulated upstream profiles of electron temperature (Te) and electron density (ne) with the edge Thomson scattering data. Then the reduction of the particle flux, static pressure, and the peak heat load onto the lower outer divertor target have been reproduced by radiative divertor simulations in agreement with the e...

PIC-EDDY Simulation of Different Impurities Deposition in Gaps of Carbon Tiles

A 3D Monte Carlo (MC) code PIC- EDDY, based on EDDY (erosion and deposition dynamic simulation) code, was used to investigate the redeposition of different impurities in the gaps of C tiles. By incorporating the rate coefficients of beryllium (Be) and tungsten (W) into the code, we obtain deposition profiles of hydrocarbon, beryllium and tungsten particles in the toroidal and poloidal gaps, respectively. The redeposition rate of tungsten was found to be higher than those of other impurities in the gaps, except at the bottom, due to its easier local deposition within one gyroradius. Due to the effect of reflection coefficients of hydrocarbon fragments on graphite, fewer hydrocarbons were resided at the entrance while more were deposited on the sides of the gap. At elevated plasma temperatures (such as 30 eV), asymmetric deposition distributions were observed between the toroidal and poloidal gaps due to the dominant ionized particles. Ions were mainly deposited within 1 mm depth inside gaps, and the bottom deposition particles were almost all neutrals.

Radiative divertor behavior and physics in Ar seeded plasma on EAST

To investigate the radiative divertor behavior and physics for the scenario of impurity seeded plasma in ITER, the radiative divertor experiments with argon (Ar) seeding under ITER-like tungsten divertor condition were carried out during recent EAST campaigns. The experimental results reveal the high efficiency of reducing heat load and particle flux onto the divertor targets owing to increased radiation by Ar seeding. We achieve detached plasmas in these experiments. The inner–outer divertor asymmetry reduces after Ar seeding. Impurities, such as Ar, C, Li, and W, exist in the entire space of the vacuum chamber during EAST operations, and play important roles in power exhausting and accelerating the plasma detachment process. It is remarkable that the contamination of the core plasma is observed using Ar seeding owing to the sputtering of plasma facing components (PFCs), particularly when Ar impurity is injected from the upper tungsten divertor.

Hydrocarbon deposition in gaps of tungsten and graphite tiles in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak edge plasma parameters

The three-dimensional (3D) Monte Carlo code PIC-EDDY has been utilized to investigate the mechanism of hydrocarbon deposition in gaps of tungsten tiles in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), where the sheath potential is calculated by the 2D in space and 3D in velocity particle-in-cell method. The calculated results for graphite tiles using the same method are also presented for comparison. Calculation results show that the amount of carbon deposited in the gaps of carbon tiles is three times larger than that in the gaps of tungsten tiles when the carbon particles from re-erosion on the top surface of monoblocks are taken into account. However, the deposition amount is found to be larger in the gaps of tungsten tiles at the same CH4 flux. When chemical sputtering becomes significant as carbon coverage on tungsten increases with exposure time, the deposition inside the gaps of tungsten tiles would be considerable.