A.B. Corrêa

Exigência de proteína bruta e energia metabolizável para codornas de corte EV1

The crude protein and metabolizable energy requirement for weight gain, body weight, feed consumption, and feed consumption : weight gain ratio during three periods (7- 21; 21-42 and 7-42days of age) of the growing phase of meat type quail (EV1) were estimated in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments and six replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The treatments consisted in a factorial combination 4 x 2 (22, 24, 26 e 28% PB x 2900 e 3100kcal de EM/kg). Body weight and weight gain from 7 to 21 days of age were quadratic affected by protein level of diets. Feed consumption linearly decreased with the increasing of diet energetic level. Feed: weight gain ratio increased linearly with crude protein level and decreased with metabolizable energy level of diets. Body weight at 42 days of age was not affected by metabolizable energy and crude protein levels of the diets. From 7 to 42 days of age the protein and metabolizable energy of diets did not affect quail body weight and feed: weight gain ratio. Quails fed on 2900kcal of EM/kg of diet showed higher feed consumption in comparison to quails fed on 3100kcal of EM/kg diets. Maximum performance of EV1 quails are reached in diets with 27% of crude protein (CP) and 2900kcal of ME/kg of diet in the initial period (7-21 days of age) and 22% of CP and 2900kcal of ME/kg of diet in the whole period (7-42 days of age).

Exigência de metionina + cistina total para codornas de corte em crescimento

Total methyonine + cystine requirements during the initial (7-21 days of age) and final period ( 22-42 days of age) of the growing phase were estimated for meat type quails in a completely randomized experimental design with six treatments, five replicates and 13 quails per experimental unit. Weight gain (g), body weight (g), feed consumption (g) and feed : weight gain ratio (g/g) were evaluated for quails fed on .73, .79, .85, .91, .97 and 1.03% methyonine + cystine diets. Meat type quails fed .95% and .73% methyonine + cystine diets during the initial (7-21days of age) and final period (22-42 days of age) of the growing phase show maximum weight gain.

Efeito de diferentes níveis de proteína e energia sobre o rendimento de carcaça de codornas européias

The effect of protein and energy levels on 42nd day carcass yield of European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) was evaluated. A completely randomized design with five replicates and eight quails per experimental unit was used. The treatment consist on diets with two energy metabolic levels (2900 and 3100kcal EM/kg) and four protein levels (22, 24, 26 and 28% of crude protein). The traits analyzed were body weight and weight and yield of carcass, tight, breast, fat and edible viscera. No significant effects of crude protein and metabolic energy levels on carcass traits were found.

Exigências em proteína bruta para codornas de corte EV1 em crescimento

Crude protein requirements for EV1 meat type quails were estimated using 288 quails of both sexes in a completely randomized experimental design with six crude protein levels (23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 32%) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The following traits were recorded in each experimental period (from hatch to 21 days and from hatch to 42 days of age): body weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g), and feed:weight gain ratio. From hatch to 21 days of age quadratic effects of crude protein levels on live body weight, weight gain and feed intake were observed and maximum performances were estimated for quails fed 30.2; 30.1; and 30.8% crude protein diets, respectively. Quadratic effect of protein level on body weight at 42 days of age was significant and quails fed 30.2% crude protein diets showed maximum performance. Quails fed 29.5 and 32.6% crude protein diets from hatch to 42 days showed maximum weight gain and feed intake while feed:weight gain ratio was negative and linearly related to crude protein level of diet. Crude protein requirement for weight gain (male and female), from hatch to 21 days of age is estimated in 30.1% and from hatch to 42 days of age in 29.5%.

Nível de proteína bruta para codornas de corte durante o período de crescimento

The crude protein requirements for EV2 quail meat type genetic group during the growing period were estimated in a completely randomized experimental design, using 288 quails of both sex, six levels of crude protein (23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 33%) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. Body weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g) and feed:weight gain ratio (g/g) were recorded in each period (from hatch to 21 days and from hatch to 42 days of age). At 42 days of age, four quails were randomly sampled from each experimental unit (two males and two females) and slaughtered to record weights and yields of carcass, main cuts (thigh and breast) edible giblets (liver, gizzard and heart) and abdominal fat. Quadratic effects of crude protein level on body weight, weight gain and feed intake from hatch to 21 days of age, with maximum performances estimated for quails fed 30.64; 30.65 and 29.02% crude protein diets, respectively. Feed:weight gain ratio during this period showed a linear response in function of protein level of diet. Quadratic effect of protein level on body weight at 42 days of age was observed, with maximum performances estimated for quails fed 29.93 crude protein diets, while weight gain showed a linear response. Quadratic effects of crude protein level on weight gain and feed intake were also observed, with estimated maximum for quails fed 29.81 and 29.11% crude protein diets, respectively while body weight and carcass and breast weights were linearly affected. Higher performance were observed for quails fed diets with the highest protein level. A significant crude protein level x sex interaction was observed for breast yield, females showing linear response in function of crude protein level, while no effect on male breast yield was observed. Female body weight and breast and liver yields were higher for males crude protein. Crude protein requirements for maximum female and male weight gains are estimated in 30.65% from hatch to 21 days and 29.81% from hatch to 42 days of age while crude protein requirement for carcass and breast weights is estimated in 33%.

Exigências de proteína bruta e energia metabolizável em codornas de corte durante a fase de crescimento

Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) levels during five experimental periods of seven days each of the growing phase for European quail were determined. A total of 384 quails of both sexes were used in a completely randomized design in a 2×4 (energy and crude protein) factorial treatment with six replications of eight quails each. The metabolizable energy levels were 2900 and 3000kcal of ME/kg of diet and the crude protein levels were 22, 24, 26 and 28%. The analyzed variables were weight gain (g), accumulated weight (g), feed consumption (g), feed:gain ratio (g/g). Performance responses were evaluated by linear and quadratic regression of the traits on crude protein levels. Higher weight gains from the following protein and metabolizable energy levels combinations: 28.0% PB and 2900 kcal EM/kg (first period); 25.7% CP and 3100kcal ME/kg (second period); 27.9% and 2900kcal ME/kg (third period); 24.8% PB and 3100kcal/kg (fourth period) and 23.1% CP and 2900kcal/kg (fifth period).

Estimativas da trajetória genética do crescimento de codornas de corte utilizando modelos de regressão aleatória

Growth genetic trajectories of two quail meat type lines for body weights at hatch and 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of age were evaluated using random regression model, under animal model analysis. Genetic parameters estimates were obtained to establish the most adequate age for efficient selection. Body weights of 2,432 and 2,478 quails from EV1 and EV2 genetic lines, respectively, from three generations of selection were recorded. Genetic parameter estimates were obtained using Dxmrr subroutine of the DFReml software. Heritability estimates ranged from .01 to .50 for EV1 and from .01 to .10 for EV2. For both genetic lines the highest heritability estimates were obtained for body weight at 42 days of age and genetic correlations between body weight at hatch and body weights recorded in other ages were all negatives and permanent environment correlations were higher for EV2 genetic line. The results suggest that selection to increase body weight for both genetic lines is more efficient when undertaken at 42 days of age, but reasonable responses to selection can also be obtained in younger ages for EV1 genetic line.

Desempenho de codornas de corte EV1 alimentadas com diferentes níveis de lisina na dieta

Total lysine requirements for EV1 meat type quail line, during the growing phase were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design with four level of lysine (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 1.9%) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The recorded traits were weight gain (g), body weight (g), feed intake (g), feed:weight gain ratio (g/g) for the initial (from hatch to 21days of age) and total period (from hatch to 42 days of age). The effects of lysine level on body weight, weight gain and feed:weight gain ratio were quadratic and significant with maximum values estimated for 1.74, 1.75 and 1.70% of total lysine respectively, but no effect on feed intake from hatch to 21 days of age was observed. Significant effects of lysine level on feed intake and feed : weight gain ratio from hatch to 42 days of age and on body at 42 days of age were observed, with maximum values estimated for 1.65, 1.65, 1.62, 1.64% of total lysine in the diets . The total lysine requirements for weight gain (males and females) from hatch to 21 days of age were estimated in 1.75% and from hatch to 42 days of age in 1.65% of the diet.

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos de características reprodutivas de touros Nelore, de dois e três anos de idade

Heritabilities and genetic correlations between performance and reproductive traits were estimated using Multiple Trait Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood methodology in 579 pasture-raised Nelore bulls that were 19 to 39 months of age. Traits were breeding soundness evaluation (BSE), scrotal circumference (SC), testicular consistency (TC), testicular volume (TV), testicular shape (TS), length and width of right and left testicles, and semen traits including motility (Mot), vigor (Vig), major (MD) sperm defects, minor (mD) sperm defects and total (TD) sperm defects. Heritability estimates were 0.46; 0.10; 0.08; 0.16; 0.09; 0.11 and 0.10 for TC, Mot, Vig, MD, mD, TD and BSE, respectively. Genetic correlations between SC and: body weight (BW), TV, Mot, Vig, mD, TD and BSE were 0.72; 0.99; 0.72; 0.60; -0.67; -0.12 and 0.64, respectively, showing favorable associations between SC and the other traits. Genetic correlations between BSE and: BW, TV, MD and TD were 0.19; 0.71; -0.47 and -0.58, respectively. Results suggest that selection for body weight in Nelore bulls should not hamper fertility, nor should selection for reproductive traits hamper growth.

Efeito da interação idade da matriz x peso do ovo sobre o desempenho de codornas de corte

The effect of female breeder age x egg weight interaction was evaluated on the performance of meat type quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) at 21st and 42nd days of age. For every female breeder age class (70, 205, and 280 days of age), 600 eggs were classified according to egg weight class (class 1: 11.0-12.9; class 2: 13.0-14.9, and class 3: 15.0-16.9g). A total of 225 quails of both genders, totaling 75 quails for every egg weight class were used in this study. A completely randomized experimental design with five replicates of 15 quails was used. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 28% crude protein and 2,900 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME). Weight gain, body weight, feed consumption, and weight gain: feed consumption ratio from hatch to 21st day and from hatch to 42nd day of age were recorded. Both egg weight and female breeder age classes affected body weight, weight gain, and feed consumption at 21st and 42nd days of age. Quails from heavier egg weight class and female breeder age classes 205 and 280 days of age showed higher performance (P<0.05). Quail viability was affected by egg weight class, i.e. quails from lighter eggs showed lower viability at 21st and 42nd days of life. Heavier eggs originated heavier quails at hatch (P<0.05)