G.G. Santos

Exigência de proteína bruta e energia metabolizável para codornas de corte EV1

The crude protein and metabolizable energy requirement for weight gain, body weight, feed consumption, and feed consumption : weight gain ratio during three periods (7- 21; 21-42 and 7-42days of age) of the growing phase of meat type quail (EV1) were estimated in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments and six replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The treatments consisted in a factorial combination 4 x 2 (22, 24, 26 e 28% PB x 2900 e 3100kcal de EM/kg). Body weight and weight gain from 7 to 21 days of age were quadratic affected by protein level of diets. Feed consumption linearly decreased with the increasing of diet energetic level. Feed: weight gain ratio increased linearly with crude protein level and decreased with metabolizable energy level of diets. Body weight at 42 days of age was not affected by metabolizable energy and crude protein levels of the diets. From 7 to 42 days of age the protein and metabolizable energy of diets did not affect quail body weight and feed: weight gain ratio. Quails fed on 2900kcal of EM/kg of diet showed higher feed consumption in comparison to quails fed on 3100kcal of EM/kg diets. Maximum performance of EV1 quails are reached in diets with 27% of crude protein (CP) and 2900kcal of ME/kg of diet in the initial period (7-21 days of age) and 22% of CP and 2900kcal of ME/kg of diet in the whole period (7-42 days of age).

Exigência de metionina + cistina total para codornas de corte em crescimento

Total methyonine + cystine requirements during the initial (7-21 days of age) and final period ( 22-42 days of age) of the growing phase were estimated for meat type quails in a completely randomized experimental design with six treatments, five replicates and 13 quails per experimental unit. Weight gain (g), body weight (g), feed consumption (g) and feed : weight gain ratio (g/g) were evaluated for quails fed on .73, .79, .85, .91, .97 and 1.03% methyonine + cystine diets. Meat type quails fed .95% and .73% methyonine + cystine diets during the initial (7-21days of age) and final period (22-42 days of age) of the growing phase show maximum weight gain.

Exigências em proteína bruta para codornas de corte EV1 em crescimento

Crude protein requirements for EV1 meat type quails were estimated using 288 quails of both sexes in a completely randomized experimental design with six crude protein levels (23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 32%) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The following traits were recorded in each experimental period (from hatch to 21 days and from hatch to 42 days of age): body weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g), and feed:weight gain ratio. From hatch to 21 days of age quadratic effects of crude protein levels on live body weight, weight gain and feed intake were observed and maximum performances were estimated for quails fed 30.2; 30.1; and 30.8% crude protein diets, respectively. Quadratic effect of protein level on body weight at 42 days of age was significant and quails fed 30.2% crude protein diets showed maximum performance. Quails fed 29.5 and 32.6% crude protein diets from hatch to 42 days showed maximum weight gain and feed intake while feed:weight gain ratio was negative and linearly related to crude protein level of diet. Crude protein requirement for weight gain (male and female), from hatch to 21 days of age is estimated in 30.1% and from hatch to 42 days of age in 29.5%.

Nível de proteína bruta para codornas de corte durante o período de crescimento

The crude protein requirements for EV2 quail meat type genetic group during the growing period were estimated in a completely randomized experimental design, using 288 quails of both sex, six levels of crude protein (23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 33%) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. Body weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g) and feed:weight gain ratio (g/g) were recorded in each period (from hatch to 21 days and from hatch to 42 days of age). At 42 days of age, four quails were randomly sampled from each experimental unit (two males and two females) and slaughtered to record weights and yields of carcass, main cuts (thigh and breast) edible giblets (liver, gizzard and heart) and abdominal fat. Quadratic effects of crude protein level on body weight, weight gain and feed intake from hatch to 21 days of age, with maximum performances estimated for quails fed 30.64; 30.65 and 29.02% crude protein diets, respectively. Feed:weight gain ratio during this period showed a linear response in function of protein level of diet. Quadratic effect of protein level on body weight at 42 days of age was observed, with maximum performances estimated for quails fed 29.93 crude protein diets, while weight gain showed a linear response. Quadratic effects of crude protein level on weight gain and feed intake were also observed, with estimated maximum for quails fed 29.81 and 29.11% crude protein diets, respectively while body weight and carcass and breast weights were linearly affected. Higher performance were observed for quails fed diets with the highest protein level. A significant crude protein level x sex interaction was observed for breast yield, females showing linear response in function of crude protein level, while no effect on male breast yield was observed. Female body weight and breast and liver yields were higher for males crude protein. Crude protein requirements for maximum female and male weight gains are estimated in 30.65% from hatch to 21 days and 29.81% from hatch to 42 days of age while crude protein requirement for carcass and breast weights is estimated in 33%.

Estimativas da trajetória genética do crescimento de codornas de corte utilizando modelos de regressão aleatória

Growth genetic trajectories of two quail meat type lines for body weights at hatch and 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of age were evaluated using random regression model, under animal model analysis. Genetic parameters estimates were obtained to establish the most adequate age for efficient selection. Body weights of 2,432 and 2,478 quails from EV1 and EV2 genetic lines, respectively, from three generations of selection were recorded. Genetic parameter estimates were obtained using Dxmrr subroutine of the DFReml software. Heritability estimates ranged from .01 to .50 for EV1 and from .01 to .10 for EV2. For both genetic lines the highest heritability estimates were obtained for body weight at 42 days of age and genetic correlations between body weight at hatch and body weights recorded in other ages were all negatives and permanent environment correlations were higher for EV2 genetic line. The results suggest that selection to increase body weight for both genetic lines is more efficient when undertaken at 42 days of age, but reasonable responses to selection can also be obtained in younger ages for EV1 genetic line.

Desempenho de codornas de corte EV1 alimentadas com diferentes níveis de lisina na dieta

Total lysine requirements for EV1 meat type quail line, during the growing phase were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design with four level of lysine (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 1.9%) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The recorded traits were weight gain (g), body weight (g), feed intake (g), feed:weight gain ratio (g/g) for the initial (from hatch to 21days of age) and total period (from hatch to 42 days of age). The effects of lysine level on body weight, weight gain and feed:weight gain ratio were quadratic and significant with maximum values estimated for 1.74, 1.75 and 1.70% of total lysine respectively, but no effect on feed intake from hatch to 21 days of age was observed. Significant effects of lysine level on feed intake and feed : weight gain ratio from hatch to 42 days of age and on body at 42 days of age were observed, with maximum values estimated for 1.65, 1.65, 1.62, 1.64% of total lysine in the diets . The total lysine requirements for weight gain (males and females) from hatch to 21 days of age were estimated in 1.75% and from hatch to 42 days of age in 1.65% of the diet.

Uso de redes neurais artificais na predição de valores genéticos para peso aos 205 dias em bovinos da raça Tabapuã

Data from 19,240 Tabapua animals from 152 farms located in different states of Brazil, born from 1976 to 1995, were used to predict the genetic value of body weight at 205 days of age (BV_P205) of Tabapua beef cattle using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and LM algorithm - Levenberg Marquardt training for data entry. Due to the use of networks with supervised learning, the predicted breeding values for P205 from BLUP were used as desired output. The breeding values for P205 obtained from RNA and those predicted by BLUP were highly correlated. The ranked breeding values for body weight at 205 days through RNA and those predicted by BLUP (VG_P205_RNA) showed a variation in the classification of animals indicating risks in the use of ANNs procedure for genetic evaluation of this trait. Insertions of new animals require new training data always dependent on BLUP.

Efeito da interação idade da matriz x peso do ovo sobre o desempenho de codornas de corte

The effect of female breeder age x egg weight interaction was evaluated on the performance of meat type quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) at 21st and 42nd days of age. For every female breeder age class (70, 205, and 280 days of age), 600 eggs were classified according to egg weight class (class 1: 11.0-12.9; class 2: 13.0-14.9, and class 3: 15.0-16.9g). A total of 225 quails of both genders, totaling 75 quails for every egg weight class were used in this study. A completely randomized experimental design with five replicates of 15 quails was used. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 28% crude protein and 2,900 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME). Weight gain, body weight, feed consumption, and weight gain: feed consumption ratio from hatch to 21st day and from hatch to 42nd day of age were recorded. Both egg weight and female breeder age classes affected body weight, weight gain, and feed consumption at 21st and 42nd days of age. Quails from heavier egg weight class and female breeder age classes 205 and 280 days of age showed higher performance (P<0.05). Quail viability was affected by egg weight class, i.e. quails from lighter eggs showed lower viability at 21st and 42nd days of life. Heavier eggs originated heavier quails at hatch (P<0.05)

Avaliação da persistência na lactação da raça Guzerá, utilizando modelos de regressão aleatória

The heritability and the genetic and permanent environment correlations were estimated among six different measures of persistency in the lactation of Guzerat cow, using the Random Regression Model. A total of 8,403 records from 1,034 first lactation cows were evaluated. The Random Regression Model was calculated by the logarithmic function of Ali and Schaeffer and Legendre polynomials to get coefficients for fixed, additive genetic and permanent environment effects. Ali and Schaeffer was the function that better fit to the data, but it had convergence problems. The results showed that persistence is a trait with moderate heritability, and low correlation with genetic value for 305-d milk production which allows to select animals in order to alter the format of the curve of production without affecting the total productivity. The measure of persistence that calculates the difference of milk production between the medium and initial phases was highly correlated with 305-d milk production.

Níveis de metionina + cistina para características de desempenho e de carcaça em codornas de corte EV2

Methionine + cystine requirements for meat type quails during the growing phase were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design with five levels of methionione + cystine (.73, .79, .85, .91, .97, and 1.03%), and five replicates of 13 quails per experimental unit. Body weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g), and feed: weight gain ratio were recorded for each experimental period (from seven to 21 days and seven to 42 days of age). At 42 days of age, four quails (two males and two females) were randomly sampled from each experimental unit, slaughtered after a jejunum of eight hours to evaluate weights and yields of carcass relative to live body weight and yields of main cuts (breast and thigh), edible giblets (liver, gizzard, and heart) and abdominal fat relative to carcass weight (without foot and head). Methionine + cystine levels showed quadratic effects on body weight and weight gain at 21 days of age, with estimated maximum performances for quails fed .95% methionine + cystine level, while feed:weight gain ratio decreased with the increasing level of these amino acids. Significant and linear effects of methionine + cystine on body weight were observed at 42 days of age on weight; and on weight gain and feed intake from seven to 42 days of age. No significant effects of methionine + cystine were observed for live body weight, weights and yields of breast, thigh, abdominal fat, liver, gizzard, and heart. Higher body weight, eviscerated carcass, thigh, breast, abdominal fat, gizzard, and liver weight and yield were observed for females, while males showed higher eviscerated carcass weight. The highest weight gains were observed for EV2 quails fed .95% methionine + cystine from 7th to 21st days of age and from 7th to 42nddays of age corresponding to a methionine + cystine: lysine ratio of .73% and .79% and to a daily methionine + cystine intake of .134 and .234g/quail, respectively.