A. Marone

Initial test of a fast-ramped superconducting model dipole for GSI'S proposed SIS200 accelerator

Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI) has proposed a large expansion of the existing facility in Darmstadt, Germany. The proposal includes an accelerator, SIS200, with rigidity of 200 T/spl middot/m that utilizes 4 T superconducting dipoles ramped at 1 T/s. An R&D program including both the superconductor and the magnet is directed at achieving the desired ramp rate with minimal energy loss. The RHIC arc dipoles, with 8 cm aperture, possess adequate aperture and field strength but are ramped at only 1/20 of the desired rate. However, for reasons of speed and economy, the RHIC dipole is being used as the basis for this work. The superconductor R&D has progressed far enough to permit the manufacture of an initial cable with satisfactory properties. This cable has been used in the construction of a 1 m model magnet, appropriately modified from the RHIC design. The magnet has been tested successfully at 2 T/s to 4.38 T.

Test Results of LARP 3.6 m

As part of the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) to build a high performance quadrupole magnet with Nb3Sn conductor, a pair of 3.6 m-long Nb3Sn racetrack coils has been made at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and installed in two shell-type support structures built by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBL). These magnet assemblies have been tested at 4.5 K at BNL to gauge the effect of extended length and prestress on the mechanical performance of the long structure compared to earlier short models. This paper presents the results of quench testing and compares the overall performance of the two versions of the support structure. We also summarize the shell strain measurements and discuss the variation of quench current with ramp rate.

{\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}

The ILC beam delivery system (BDS) uses a variety of superconducting magnets to maximize luminosity and minimize background. Compact final focus quadrupoles with multifunction correction coils focus incoming beams to few nanometer spot sizes while focusing outgoing disrupted beams into a separate extraction beam line. Anti-solenoids mitigate effects from overlapping focusing and the detector solenoid field. Far from the interaction point (IP) strong octupoles help minimize IP backgrounds. A low-field but very large aperture dipole is integrated with the detector solenoid to reduce backgrounds from beamstrahlung pairs generated at the IP. Physics requirements and magnetic design solutions for the BDS superconducting magnets are reviewed in this paper.

Racetrack Coils Supported by Full-Length and Segmented Shell Structures

The new heavy ion synchrotron facility proposed by GSI will have two superconducting magnet rings in the same tunnel, with rigidities of 300 T /spl middot/ m and 100 T /spl middot/ m. Fast ramp times are needed. These can cause problems of ac loss and field distortion in the magnets. For the high-energy ring, a 1-m model dipole magnet has been built, based on the RHIC dipole design. This magnet was tested under boiling liquid helium in a vertical dewar. The quench current showed very little dependence on ramp rate. The ac losses, measured by an electrical method, were fitted to straight-line plots of loss/cycle versus ramp rate, thereby separating the eddy current and hysteresis components. These results were compared with calculated values, using parameters which had previously been measured on short samples of cable. Reasonably good agreement between theory and experiment was found, although the measured hysteresis loss is higher than expected in ramps to the highest field levels.

The superconducting magnets of the ILC beam delivery system

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has completed production of the superconducting multi-function magnets that are now installed as part of the HERA luminosity upgrade at DESY. The magnets, cryostats, and lead assemblies were designed and built at BNL. To fit inside the existing detectors, the coils plus cryostat structure had to meet a challenging radial budget (e.g., 39 mm horizontally). Two types of magnets were needed and three of each type were built. Each magnet contained normal and skew quadrupole, normal and skew dipole, and sextupole coils. The magnets operate in the /spl sim/1.5 T solenoid field of a detector. The quadrupole coils produce gradients up to 13 T/m. The dipole coils generate fields up to 0.3 T. Coils were wound under computer control using either seven-strand round cable or a single strand. To simultaneously avoid excessive synchrotron radiation background scattered from the beam pipe and yet have a small cryostat, one type of magnet used a tapered coil structure. The cryogenic system incorporates cooling with both 40 K helium and supercritical helium. All of the coils were tested in liquid helium in a vertical dewar. Quench test results have been excellent. The field quality of the magnets has met the stringent requirements imposed on interaction region magnets. One magnet of each type was tested at BNL as a completed assembly to verify the performance of the leads and cryostats. Two of each type were tested at DESY and then installed in the Zeus and H1 experiments. The remaining magnets are spares. Final results of quench testing, field quality measurements and cryogenic performance are reported.

Measured and calculated losses in model dipole for GSI's heavy ion synchrotron

RHIC will require 420 80 mm corrector magnets. The magnets are made up of coils wound on a computer controlled wiring machine using ultrasonic power to bond the wire into an epoxy coated flat substrate. The coils are wrapped onto support tubes and concentrically assembled inside an iron yoke. These magnets are being built at Brookhaven National Laboratory with more than 280 constructed by May, 1 1995. Design, construction and test results are presented.

Completion of superconducting magnet production at BNL for the HERA luminosity upgrade

A superconducting helical magnet has been built for polarized proton acceleration in the Brookhaven AGS. This “partial Snake” magnet will help to reduce the loss of polarization of the beam due to machine resonances. It is a 3 T magnet some 1940 mm in magnetic length in which the dipole field rotates with a pitch of 0.2053 degrees/mm for 1154 mm in the center and a pitch of 0.3920 degrees/mm for 393 mm in each end. The coil cross-section is made of two slotted cylinders containing superconductor. In order to minimize residual offsets and deflections of the beam on its orbit through the Snake, a careful balancing of the coil parameters was necessary. In addition to the main helical coils, a solenoid winding was built on the cold bore tube inside the main coils to compensate for the axial component of the field that is experienced by the beam when it is off-axis in this helical magnet. Also, two dipole corrector magnets were placed on the same tube with the solenoid. A low heat leak cryostat was built so that the magnet can operate in the AGS cooled by several cryocoolers. The design, construction and performance of this unique magnet will be summarized.

Superconducting 8 cm corrector magnets for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)

Several recent applications for fast ramped magnets have been found that require rapid measurement of the field quality during the ramp. (In one instance, accelerator dipoles will be ramped at 1 T/sec, with measurements needed to the accuracy typically required for accelerators.) We have built and tested a new type of magnetic field measuring system to meet this need. The system consists of 16 stationary pickup windings mounted on a cylinder. The signals induced in the windings in a changing magnetic field are sampled and analyzed to obtain the field harmonics. To minimize costs, printed circuit boards were used for the pickup windings and a combination of amplifiers and ADCs used for the voltage readout system. New software was developed for the analysis. Magnetic field measurements of a model dipole developed for the SIS200 accelerator at GSI are presented. The measurements are needed to ensure that eddy currents induced by the fast ramps do not impact the field quality required for successful accelerator operation.

Superconducting Helical Snake Magnet for the AGS

Several recent applications of superconducting magnets require the magnets to be operated at high ramp rates and at frequencies of several Hertz. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has recently designed and built prototypes of superconducting dipole magnets that can be ramped at a fairly high rate (1 T/s or more). For accelerator applications, it is also crucial that the magnets maintain good field quality even at high ramp rates. In order to characterize the field quality of magnets at high ramp rates, a measurement system consisting of 16 printed circuit tangential coils has been developed. The coil system is held stationary while the magnet is ramped. This paper describes the techniques used for the measurements and data analysis, and presents the results of measurements at ramp rates of up to 4 T/s in a prototype dipole built at BNL for GSI

Magnetic field measurements for fast-changing magnetic fields

The production of two types of superconducting multi-function magnets, needed for the HERA Luminosity Upgrade is underway at BNL. Coil winding is now completed and cryostat assembly is in progress. Magnet type GO and type GG cold masses have been satisfactorily cold tested in vertical dewars and the first fully assembled GO magnet system has been horizontally cold tested and shipped to DESY. Warm measurements confirm that the coils meet challenging harmonic content targets. In this paper, the authors discuss GO and GG magnet design and construction solutions, field harmonic measurements and quench test results.