Adelson Francisco de Oliveira

Profile of phenolic compounds of Brazilian virgin olive oils by rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC–ESI-TOF-MS)

In recent years, agronomical researchers began to cultivate several olive varieties in different regions of Brazil to produce virgin olive oil (VOO). Because there has been no reported data regarding the phenolic profile of the first Brazilian VOO, the aim of this work was to determine phenolic contents of these samples using rapid-resolution liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25 VOO samples from Arbequina, Koroneiki, Arbosana, Grappolo, Manzanilla, Coratina, Frantoio and MGS Mariense varieties from three different Brazilian states and two crops were analysed. It was possible to quantify 19 phenolic compounds belonging to different classes. The results indicated that Brazilian VOOs have high total phenolic content because the values were comparable with those from high-quality VOOs produced in other countries. VOOs from Coratina, Arbosana and Grappolo presented the highest total phenolic content. These data will be useful in the development and improvement of Brazilian VOO.

Variação na qualidade do azeite em cultivares de oliveira

O cultivo de oliveira (Olea europaea L.) no sul de Minas Gerais tem apresentado resultados promissores quanto a producao de frutos. No entanto, ha necessidade de verificar seu valor nutritivo e a qualidade do azeite oriundo dos frutos das cultivares potencialmente produtivas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a composicao centesimal dos frutos, as caracteristicas quimicas e o perfil de acidos graxos dos azeites extraidos de diferentes cultivares de oliveira, com a finalidade de selecionar os materiais com potencial agroindustrial. Foram avaliadas 32 cultivares de oliveira com seis anos de idades quanto a composicao centesimal (teores de umidade, lipideos, proteinas e cinzas, tanto na polpa quanto no caroco dos frutos); composicao quimica e perfil de acidos graxos dos azeites. Observaram-se nas cultivares MGS ASC315, Cerignola, MGS GRAP561 e MGS GRAP575 maiores valores de lipideos. Alem disso, as analises indicaram que o caroco possui quantidades significativas de lipideos, embora sempre inferiores as quantidades presentes na polpa. Os indices de acidez em acido oleico, peroxidos e refracao absoluta estao de acordo com a resolucao da ANVISA, podendo ser inicialmente classificados como azeite de oliva extravirgem ou virgem. De modo geral, todos os acidos graxos presentes nos azeites possuem valores satisfatorios, destacando a cultivar MGS GRAP084, com maior concentracao de acido oleico, principal acido responsavel pelos beneficios a saude.

Teores de nutrientes de dois cultivares de oliveira durante o crescimento vegetativo e o florescimento

Nutrient content of two olive cultivars during the vegetative growth and flowering The monitoring of the nutritional status during the different development stages of the plant is important for planning the fertilization, in order to maintain the nutrients in appropriate levels, and the leaf analysis is the best method to evaluate the nutrients levels in plants. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutrients contents in two olive cultivars during vegetative growth and flowering. Two-year-old olive cultivars ‘Grappolo’ and ‘Barnea’, obtained from rooting, planted at a spacing of 5 m between rows and 3 m between plants were evaluated. The statistical design was randomized blocks in Split Plot scheme, with 2 x 2 factorial on plot, two cultivars and two phenological stages: plants with vegetative and reproductive shoots, with five replicates and seven plants per plot. The leaf samples were harvested in four seasons: June (at the time of planting) August, September and October when plants began the emission of vegetative shoots and flowers. During the flowering period, the olive tree showed lower nutrients levels than the plants in vegetative stage. The cultivar ‘Barnea’, due to its fast growth, showed lower nutrients levels during the vegetative and reproductive stages.

Formulações comerciais de fertilizantes foliares na finalização de mudas de variedades de oliveira

This study aimed to evaluate formulations of fertilizer in the finalization of the olive tree seedlings. The research was conducted at the Experimental Farm EPAMIG of Maria da Fe - MG. The experiment was a completely randomized in split-plots, with four replications and 12 seedlings for plot. Was evaluated three varieties of olive tree (Ascolano 315, Grappolo 541 and Arbequina), in the plots, and six formulations of fertilizer more witness, in the subplots. The work began on 12/09/2008 and sixty days after was evaluated the number of shoots and the average length of shoots (cm); and the hundred and twenty days, the height of the plant (cm), number of roots, length of the roots (cm), dry matter weight of the leaves and stem (g) and dry matter weight of the root (g). The varieties Ascolano 315 and Grappolo 541 had more shoots and Arbequina developed greater length of shoots and seedlings higher; the formulations 1 and 2 produced seedlings highest in 120 days, for the varieties studied; Ascolano 315, Grappolo 541 and Arbequina present no difference between them for the variable dry matter weight of the root for different formulations. However, the formulations have difference in relation to number of roots, length of the roots, dry matter weight of the leaves and stem and dry matter weight of the root when applied in each variety, especially the formulations 1 and 2.

Enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de cultivares de oliveira

The aim of this study was to evaluate the semi-woody rooting of cuttings from 35 olive cultivars collected at two different times (April and August). The experimental design was the completely randomized in factorial 35x2, with 4 replicates and 25 cuttings per plot. The cuttings were standardized to 12 cm long and 4-6 internodes, with four entire leaves in the apical region. The treatment with hydroalcoholic solution of indolebutyric acid (IBA) at concentration of 3 g L-1 was performed by immersion of 3 cm from the base of the cuttings in the solution, for five seconds. The cutting was planted in sand and placed in greenhouse with intermittent mist. After 70 days, there was a significant variation in rooting among the olive cultivars. The cultivars MGS MANZ215 and MGS TAF390 showed higher rooting capacity. The cuttings collected in April presented higher rooting as compared to those ones collected in August for some of the cultivars evaluated.

Establishment of growth medium and quantification of pollen grains of olive cultivars in Brazil's subtropical areas

Pollen grain germination in vitro indicates viability and consequently provides information related to fruit set. It also assists in the development of hybrids. Along with a suitable species, a standard culture medium is essential for evaluating pollen viability. It should contain a gelling agent consisting of carbohydrates and enhancer elements as well as have the correct pH, temperature, and incubation time. The objective of this study was to optimise the culture medium, determine the pollen germination capacity, and quantify the number of pollen grains per flower of certain olive tree cultivars. A basic sequential culture medium for pollen grain germination was determined, always utilizing the best result from the previous experiment to continue the sequence.The factorial treatment arrangement was: 1) agar versus boric acid; 2) pH versus sucrose; 3) calcium nitrate versus magnesium sulfate. After determining the culture medium components, two experiments were conducted evaluating temperature and incubation time. Another experiment evaluated both the germination percentage and the number of flower pollen grains of 28 cultivars. The culture medium should be composed of 4 g∙L-1 of agar, 90 g∙L-1 of sucrose, and 400 mg∙L-1 of boric acid with a pH adjusted to 5.79 and an incubation time of 60 h at 28 °C. The Manzanilla 215 cultivar had the highest germination rate while Ascolano 315 presented the highest number of pollen grains per flower.

Caracterização agronômica e carpométrica de cultivares de oliveira

Growing olive trees in Brazil is a recent practice, and their productive attributes, as well as available cultivars, are not yet well-known. The agronomic and carpometric characterization of fruits from different cultivars are vital for the improvement of the Brazilian olive growing. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic characterization and carpometry of 35 olive tree cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuaria de Minas Gerais (Epamig) experimental farm, in Maria da Fe, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. For the agronomic characterization, a completely randomized design with three replications was used, with one plant per plot, and yield, number of fruits per plant, trunk section and outer crown volume and surface were evaluated. For the carpometric characterization, a completely randomized design with ten replications was used, with one fruit or pit per plot, and length, width, fruits mass and volume and pit, as well as the pulp/pit ratio, were evaluated. The agronomic features of plants differed among cultivars, standing out the Negroa, which reached the highest yield (18.42 kg plant -1 and 7.68 t ha -1 ) and number of fruits (9,399.08); MGS ASC322, with the largest trunk section; MGS MISS293, with the highest outer crown volume and surface; and MGS JB1, which presented the greatest outer crown surface/number of fruits ratio. Concerning carpometry, the MGS GRAP556 cultivar presented the highest sizes for fruit and pit, while ‘MGS GRAP541’ presented the highest pulp/pit ratio.

Storage of pollen and properties of olive stigma for breeding purposes

In order to ensure success in controlled hybridizations in olive tree cultivation, the information on pollen viability and stigma receptivity is essential. The aim was to establish methodologies that increase the preservation of pollen viability and to establish the time to perform crossbreeds in hybridization studies with olive trees. Three experiments were performed with plants from the cultivar Arbequina, in Maria da Fe, MG, Brazil. In the first experiment, the description of the flower events was performed. In the second, anthers were desiccated in eppendorfs, being stored at three different conditions for pollen viability test: room temperature (27 °C), refrigerator (8 °C) and freezer (-10 °C). In order to evaluate the in vitro germination, culture medium for olive pollen grains was used. In this respect, pollen grains were transferred in Petri dish containing culture medium and placed in a BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) chamber at 28 °C for 60 h, being counted. The first evaluation was performed prior to the assembly of the experiment, testing the initial viability, whereas the second occurred 24 h after storage. Subsequently, seven evaluations were performed fortnightly. In the third experiment, the stigma receptivity was verified by the 3% hydrogen peroxide method, with flowers in pre-anthesis, anthesis and post-anthesis, evaluated hourly in the period from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. for three days. In the description of the flower events, it was verified that the olive tree shows diurnal anthesis, with flower opening between 10 a.m. and 11 a.m. The anthers stored in a freezer preserved the viability for 60 days and the stigmas were receptive since the pre-anthesis.

Flowering and vegetative growth of olive tree submitted to pruning and paclobutrazol application

This work focuses on the evaluation of flowering and vegetative growth of olive tree submitted to pruning and paclobutrazol application under field conditions with low temperatures during the winter. Two-years-old olive plant variety Grappolo 575, were submitted to light pruning, removing apical dominance, before treatments application. The treatments were organized in a 4×2 factorial scheme, respective to four PBZ concentrations tested: 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg L-1 of PBZ and two plants groups, with and without pruning, in randomized block with four replications. Paclobutrazol concentrations tested did not affect the olive tree flowering. The plant vegetative growth was reduced until 60 days after paclobutrazol application. Pruning resulted in stimulation of emission of vegetative shoots and reduction of flowering.

Abnormalities induced by agricultural pesticides in the microsporogenesis of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) cultivars

Abstract The study evaluated the microsporogenesis of olive trees subjected to different agricultural pesticide applications during flowering. Inflorescences of cultivars Arbequina and MGS GRAP541 were subjected to agricultural pesticides: mineral oil, neem oil, dimethoate and deltamethrin. The floral buds were fixed in Carnoy for the microsporogenesis analysis and in Karnovsky for scanning electron microscopy. The slides were prepared by squash technique and staining with propionic carmine. The pollen viability was determined by Alexander’s stain and in vitro germination. Results show that the quantification of abnormalities in meiosis in the two cultivars caused significant effect among the treatments, being that all differed statistically from the control group. Both methods showed a higher percentage of viable pollens in the control treatment and lower percentage of viability with the agricultural pesticides. The method of pollen viability by staining presented the highest averages of viable pollens, but when compared together, both methods presented a strongly related positive linear correlation. It was concluded that the used chemical products increased the percentage of chromosomal abnormalities during microsporogenesis, which interfered in the pollen viability of the two analyzed cultivars. The product deltamethrin caused the strongest effect on meiosis and on pollen viability.