Ademir Kleber Morbeck de Oliveira

CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE TABEBUIA AUREA SOB TRÊS INTENSIDADES LUMINOSAS

Resumen pt: A especie Tabebuia aurea e comumente encontrada no Pantanal de Miranda-MS, em formacoes vegetacionais conhecidos como paratudais. Essa especie e boa meli...

Seasonal effects and antifungal activity from bark chemical constituents of Sterculia apetala (Malvaceae) at Pantanal of Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

In the Southern Pantanal, the hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), an endangered species, often chooses the manduvi tree (Sterculia apetala) as a nesting site, because of its physical properties. In addition, the chemical composition of the wood may also contribute to a nesting selection by the hyacinth macaws. The objective of this study was to determine the main chemical components of S. apetala bark for two seasons, and evaluate its fungicidal potential. Bark samples from S. apetala trees with and without nests of A. hyacinthinus were collected in January (wet season) and August (dry season) of 2012. The inhibition of mycelium growth (MGI) from tree samples with and without nests were assessed using a phytochemical analysis to evaluate their antifungal activity against Trichoderma sp. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. In both seasons, samples obtained from nested trees had higher content of total phenols than those collected from non-nested trees. The average content of total flavonoids was higher in January for samples with nest and in August for samples without nest. All selected samples showed antifungal activity, and those with nest collected in August (peak of hyacinth macaw breeding) resulted in an MGI of 51.3%. Therefore, this percentage, related to the content of flavonoids and the presence of coumarins, may influence the reproductive success of hyacinth macaws and other species of birds, in this region. This is the first chemical study report with the stem bark of S. apetala.

Superação de dormência em sementes de Parkia gigantocarpa (Fabaceae – Mimosidae)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a metodologia mais adequada para superacao de dormencia das sementes de Parkia gigantocarpa Ducke e producao de mudas. As sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: imersao em agua fervente a temperatura de 100 oC, por 10 minutos; escarificacao acida, com imersao em acido sulfurico (H2SO4) a 98 %, por 5, 10, 20, 30 e 40 minutos; escarificacao mecânica, com abrasao em lixa no 80 por 15 segundos, e testemunha (sem tratamento). Tambem foi realizada a avaliacao da qualidade das mudas atraves da massa seca das raizes primarias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com oito metodos de superacao de dormencia. Levando-se em consideracao todos os parâmetros avaliados, os resultados indicaram que a escarificacao acida por 30 e 40 minutos foram os metodos mais eficientes para a superacao da dormencia das sementes de Parkia gigantocarpa, proporcionando maior vigor na germinacao e maiores medias de massa seca para as raizes primarias

Análise da abordagem socioeconômica no contexto do licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos sucroenergéticos no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul

The sugar cane cultivation and related industries expansion in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, at this moment, is a challenge to the development of methodologies that will allow following and monitoring the socioeconomic environment, assuring life quality to local population under an accelerated process of changes. It was developed a search on the process of Environmental Impact Studies of sugar cane industries which own an Operation License, along with the Environmental Institute of Mato Grosso do Sul through the Management and Environmental Licensing Department, to diagnose the quality of social-economic approach. Seventeen Environmental Impact Studies were analyzed and it was noted that the utilized data are always secondary, there is no field research and the results demand theoretical and methodological definitions so they are able to evaluate correctly the impacts over the local population and their implications in communities dynamics.

PUBLIC POLICIES DEVELOPMENT: CONVERGENCES AND DIVERGENCES IN THE BODOQUENA-PANTANAL GEOPARK

The Bodoquena-Pantanal Geopark was created by State edict in 2009, but its implementation and effective operation still depend on investments and actions. The public resources for investments are limited, and the private sector will invest if the State assures that the enterprise will be stable and profitable. This survey aims to analyze the convergences and divergences among public policies that occurs in the Geopark site. The method employed was the analysis by an adaptation of the MACTOR Method verifying implicit and explicit policies goals. The results indicate that most policies have common goals and are converging, although they are not always clear. In conclusion, the Geopark is a new demand for the government, that is linked to recurring and suppressed demands regarding regional development, and this policies converge among each other, if executed properly, can contribute to the Geopark implementation, which will act as a driving force to the regional development.

Efeito de diferentes temperaturas na germinação e crescimento radicular de sementes de jatobá-mirim ( Guibourtia hymenaefolia (Moric.) J. Léonard)

A especie Jatoba-Mirim pertence a familia Fabaceae, apresentando-se distribuida pelos biomas Pantanal e Caatinga. Sua madeira e indicada para construcao civil e confeccao de mobiliario de luxo, e a arvore e recomendada para arborizacao urbana e utilizada para a composicao de reflorestamentos heterogeneos. Levando-se em consideracao seu potencial de utilizacao, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas sobre as taxas de germinacao e crescimento radicular inicial de sementes de Jatoba-Mirim. As sementes utilizadas no experimento foram coletadas na Fazenda Cabeceira do Prata, Municipio de Jardim, Mato Grosso do Sul, em setembro de 2009. O material coletado foi transportado para o Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Sistemas Ambientais e Biodiversidade da Universidade AnhangueraUniderp, no qual o experimento foi desenvolvido. As sementes foram submetidas a seis tratamentos, em temperaturas constantes, de 20, 25, 30 e 35°C e alternadas de 20-30 e 25-35°C em câmaras de germinacao tipo BOD. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram maior percentagem de germinacao das sementes nas temperaturas de 30°C (90%), 35°C (97%) e 25-35°C (90%), estatisticamente iguais, indicando que estas temperaturas sao mais eficazes em promover a germinacao. Levando-se em consideracao o tempo medio de germinacao, indice de velocidade de germinacao e producao de materia seca, as temperaturas constantes de 30 e 35°C se destacam, sendo seus resultados estatisticamente iguais e superiores aos demais tratamentos.

INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE FITOCONSTITUINTES DE Moringa oleifera Lam. CULTIVADA A PLENO SOL

The analysis of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts when grown on different substrates provides the opportunity to examine a set of unique compounds, which can be utilized for various purposes, as nutrients and in medicine. Taking those factors into consideration, an experiment was set up in a completely randomized block, conducted with seven treatments: (1) 100% quartzipsamment; (2) quartzipsamment 60% x 40% vermicompost; (3) quartzipsamment 80% x 20% vermicompost; (4) quartzipsamment 60% x 40% carbonized rice husk; (5) quartzipsamment 80% x 20% carbonized rice husk; (6) quartzipsamment 60% x 40% clay soil; and (7) quartzipsamment 40% x 60% clay soil, in full sun, with four replicates per treatment. The shoot growth evaluation was performed at 105 days, with the leaves collected, dried in a forced ventilation oven and later crushed and weighed. With the material obtained, methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared at 20% and submitted to phytochemical analysis. The presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, steroids, cardioactive heterosides, alkaloids and reducing sugars was detected. These compounds are probably responsible for conferring a broad spectrum of biological activities attributed to the leaves of the species. However, the present study suggests caution in its indiscriminate use due to the great presence of cardioactive heterosides. The greater or lesser amount of metabolites was influenced by the different substrates and, depending on the type of use of the species, different types of crops would be necessary to increase or decrease certain compounds present in its leaves.

GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Vochysia divergens APÓS ARMAZENAMENTO EM TRÊS AMBIENTES

The Vochysia divergens tree species is distributed in Pantanal region in flooded forest and woodsy pastures. Its characteristics allow it to be used as ornamental, apicultural, production of cellulose pulp and also in popular medicine. Considering the importance of studies about such species, the aim of this study was to evaluate seed germination and vigor after various periods of storage (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) in three environments (refrigerator, laboratory, and moist chamber), with seeds collected from Negro Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul state. The statistical design was a factorial 3 x 6 (environment x storage time) with four replicates of 50 seeds per treatment (200 per test), germinated in transparent boxes in germination chambers, with photoperiod of twelve hours of white light. The seeds species presented high water content (24.3%) and latter decayed during the storage period, in all environments. The seeds presented a high germination rate (80%) and a short viability period (120 days) and vigor, high (18.4), decayed during the experiment.

Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota, Fungi) diversity in a protected area in the Maracaju Mountains, in the Brazilian central region

A diversidade dos fungos brasileiros ainda nao e totalmente conhecida, principalmente na Serra de Maracaju, localizada na regiao central do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no centro-oeste do Brasil. Coletas foram realizadas em diferentes fitofisionomias do Cerrado, bioma predominante na regiao, no municipio de Corguinho, em areas onde o cerrado e pastagens se alternam. Dezoito das especies identificadas sao primeira citacao para o Brasil e nao se encontram relacionadas na lista da flora do Brasil (fungos) e 36 sao citadas pela primeira vez para Mato Grosso do Sul, de um total de 62 especies coletadas em nove excursoes realizadas durante os anos de 2014 e 2015. Deste total 15 especies coletadas sao consideradas comestiveis, quatro toxicas, 10 medicinais, duas utilizadas em processos de biorremediacao e uma bioluminescente, segundo a literatura.

TROCAS GASOSAS E GRAU DE TOLERÂNCIA AO ESTRESSE HÍDRICO INDUZIDO EM PLANTAS JOVENS DE Tabebuia aurea (PARATUDO) SUBMETIDAS A ALAGAMENTO

‘Paratudo’, Tabebuia aurea , is a common Brazilian tree from ‘Pantanal de Miranda’, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, an area with seasonal floodplain. To evaluate the gas exchange of Tabebuia aurea under flooding stress, groups of eight-month-old plants were grown in soil covered by a 2 to 3 cm layer of water and a control group. Stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic rates were measured during the experiment (115 days), with an infrared portable analyzer. The values of stomatal conductance of the control group and stress plants at the beginning of the experiment were 0.22 mol m -2 s -1 and reached 0.02 mol m -2 s -1 at the end of this event. The initial photosynthesis rate was 8.0 mmol m -2 s -1 and, by the 108 th day, it had reached zero. When the photosynthesis rate reached zero, the rigid plastic container was dried and the rate analyzed (8 days). The values obtained for plants in drained soil were: stomatal conductance = 0.21 mol m -2 s -1 and photosynthesis rate = 8.0 mmol m -2 s -1 , indicating a recovery response, returning to initial values. Flooded soil reduced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, and it affected the shoot growth, leading to the symptoms resulting from flooding stress, such as hypertrophy of the lenticels. However, the species has a tolerance to the flooding process, indicating adaptability to areas under seasonal water stress.