Adriana Katia Corrêa

Fenomenologia: uma alternativa para pesquisa em enfermagem

Um dos caminhos metodologicos que pode ser utilizado nas pesquisas e a fenomenologia, que se originou como um movimento na filosofia, sendo aplicada, posteriormente, as ciencias humanas. Na enfermagem a utilizacao da fenomenologia tambem representou uma busca de alternativa metodologica de pesquisa. A proposta deste trabalho e contribuir com alguns subsidios teoricos para a compreensao do referencial fenomenologico. Inicialmente, apresenta algumas ideias basicas da fenomenologia, enquanto corrente filosofica para, posteriormente, trata-la enquanto alternativa metodologica de pesquisa, ate abordar sua utilizacao, pelos enfermeiros, enquanto metodologia de investigacao.One of the methodological ways that can be used in research is phenomenology, that originated as a movement inside philosophy, being also applied in human sciences. In nursing, the application of phenomenology also represented a search for a methodological alternative in research. The proposal of this work is to contribute with some theoretical subsidies to the comprehension of phenomenological referentials. Initially this work presents some basic ideas of the phenomenology, as a philosophical branch, treating it as a methodological alternative in research, and approaching its utilization by nurses, as a methodology of investigation.

A dualidade vida-morte na vivência dos pacientes com metástase

The new millennium brings along a new reality to Brazil: population aging, and with it an increase in cases of chronic diseases, among them cancer. With the purpose of understanding how oncological patients under chemotherapeutic treatment due to the metastasis experience the possibility of dying, seven interviews with patients from an oncology clinic were carried out in a small town in the state of Paraná. In order to analyze these interviews, ideas from Martin Heideggers philosophical reference were used. From this analysis, death showed itself in different ways: implicitly; as a natural phenomenon, experienced in an impersonal way through someone elses death; as a phenomenon that permeates life. The it-happens-to-the-other condition made possible to unveil death through words, actions and looks, which at the same time shelter and denounce; and through the relation with the health professionals through caring forms almost always unauthentic.O novo milenio traz consigo, para o Brasil, a realidade do envelhecimento da populacao e, com ele, o aumento dos numeros de casos de doencas cronicas, entre elas o câncer. Com o intuito de compreender como os pacientes oncologicos, em tratamento quimioterapico por ocorrencia de metastase, vivenciam a possibilidade da morte, realizamos sete entrevistas com pacientes de uma clinica de oncologia, situada em um pequeno municipio do estado do Parana. Para analise das entrevistas, utilizamos algumas ideias do referencial filosofico de Martin Heidegger. Dessa analise, a morte emergiu de varios modos: implicitamente; como um fenomeno natural, vivido na impessoalidade, pela morte do outro; como fenomeno que permeia a existencia. A condicao de ser-com-o-outro permitiu que a morte se desvelasse por meio de palavras, de acoes e do olhar, que ao mesmo tempo acolhe e denuncia; na relacao com os profissionais de saude, atraves dos modos de cuidar quase sempre inautenticos.

O ensino de graduação na Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo ao longo dos seus 50 anos (1953-2003)

This study aims to describe the course of undergraduate education developed at the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing throughout the 50 years of its history (1953-2003), offering tools for reflection about the historical and social context, about current curricular guidelines and political and pedagogical challenges with a view to nursing formation.Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever a trajetoria do ensino de graduacao desenvolvido na Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto da Universidade de Sao Paulo (EERP-USP), ao longo dos seus 50 anos (1953-2003), trazendo subsidios para reflexoes acerca do contexto historico-social, das diretrizes curriculares atuais e desafios politico-pedagogicos para a formacao do enfermeiro.

A humanização do cuidado na formação dos profissionais de saúde nos cursos de graduação

A proposta desta pesquisa bibliografica e conhecer e analisar a producao cientifica do campo da saude, em periodicos nacionais, sobre o ensino da humanizacao do cuidado nos cursos de graduacao. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliografico na base de dados LILACS, utilizando o termo humanizacao, com textos publicados a partir do ano de 2000 ate 2010, sendo analisados 42 artigos. Da analise dos artigos emergiram tematicas centrais: Humanizacao: algumas consideracoes sobre seus conceitos; Universidade e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os Cursos de Graduacao na Area da Saude: relacoes com o ensino da humanizacao; Mudancas curriculares, conteudos e estrategias de ensino-aprendizagem no cuidado humanizado e Sujeitos do processo ensino-aprendizagem: alunos e professores na aprendizagem da humanizacao do cuidado. Alguns elementos teorico-praticos vem sendo construidos sobre o ensino da humanizacao no contexto de saude, sendo imprescindivel, todavia, maiores investimentos na construcao efetiva de novos modos de cuidar.This literature review was performed for the purpose of surveying and analyzing the scientific production in health in Brazilian journals regarding the teaching of health care humanization in undergraduate programs. The bibliographic survey was performed on the LILACS database using the term humanization, including texts published between 2000 and 2010 and examining 42 articles. The analysis of these articles revealed the following central themes: Humanization: some thoughts on its concepts; University and the National Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Programs in Healthcare: relations with the teaching of humanization; Curricular changes, contents and teaching-learning strategies regarding humanized care; and Subjects of the teaching-learning process: students and faculty learning the humanization of care. Some theoretical and practical elements have been created about the teaching of humanization in the context of health; however, it is essential to make greater investments to effectively develop new ways of providing care.

A dor e o desafio da interdisciplinaridade no cuidado à criança

In the light of the multiple dimensions involving the phenomenon of pain in children and adolescents with cancer, this study aimed to present a reflection on interdisciplinary practice as a healthcare resource for these patients. The study focused on the aspects related to the need for this practice in the aforementioned context and the challenges of its implementation. These reflections support the acknowledgement that the articulation among several aspects of knowledge in a common project is essential to contemplate the multiple dimensions that compose healthcare for children and adolescents with cancer in pain situations. However, these articulations should not only be theoretical, but also built by the professionals involved in this practice.In the light of the multiple dimensions involving the phenomenon of pain in children and adolescents with cancer, this study aimed to present a reflection on interdisciplinary practice as a healthcare resource for these patients. The study focused on the aspects related to the need for this practice in the aforementioned context and the challenges of its implementation. These reflections support the acknowledgement that the articulation among several aspects of knowledge in a common project is essential to contemplate the multiple dimensions that compose healthcare forchildren and adolescents with cancer in pain situations. However, these articulations should not only be theoretical, but also built by the professionals involved in this practice.

Pain and the challenge of interdisciplinarity in child care

In the light of the multiple dimensions involving the phenomenon of pain in children and adolescents with cancer, this study aimed to present a reflection on interdisciplinary practice as a healthcare resource for these patients. The study focused on the aspects related to the need for this practice in the aforementioned context and the challenges of its implementation. These reflections support the acknowledgement that the articulation among several aspects of knowledge in a common project is essential to contemplate the multiple dimensions that compose healthcare for children and adolescents with cancer in pain situations. However, these articulations should not only be theoretical, but also built by the professionals involved in this practice.In the light of the multiple dimensions involving the phenomenon of pain in children and adolescents with cancer, this study aimed to present a reflection on interdisciplinary practice as a healthcare resource for these patients. The study focused on the aspects related to the need for this practice in the aforementioned context and the challenges of its implementation. These reflections support the acknowledgement that the articulation among several aspects of knowledge in a common project is essential to contemplate the multiple dimensions that compose healthcare forchildren and adolescents with cancer in pain situations. However, these articulations should not only be theoretical, but also built by the professionals involved in this practice.

Transição para o exercício profissional em enfermagem: uma experiência em grupo operativo

El objetivo de este estudio cualitativo es lo de analizar el uso de la aproximacion de grupo operativo de Pichon-Riviere, como posibilidad de crear un espacio para el cambio de experiencias entre alumnos del 8o semestre del Curso Pregrado en Enfermeria de la Escuela de Enfermeria de Ribeirao Preto de la Universidad de Sao Paulo - Brasil, con la finalidad de aliviar ansiedades, facilitando la elaboracion de las experiencias cotidianas, integrando pensar, sentir y hacer. Se propusieron siete encuentros grupales, semanalmente, utilizando la tecnica de grupo operativo. Los registros fueron analizados y se construyo el relato de cada encuentro. Los alumnos reflexionaron acerca de sus experiencias al enfrentarse con ese momento de transicion a la vida profesional y los docentes cuestionaron las experiencias relacionadas al proceso ensenanza-aprendizaje, repensando acerca de los limites del modelo tradicional de ensenanza.

Práticas educativas de trabalhadores de saúde: vivência de graduandos de enfermagem

Os servicos de saude podem constituir-se em espacos de construcao e reconstrucao de propostas educacionais voltadas aos trabalhadores, a partir dos problemas vivenciados no cotidiano. Esta pesquisa objetivou apreender os significados atribuidos pelos egressos do Curso de Enfermagem de uma universidade no Norte do Parana, as experiencias vivenciadas na realizacao de atividades educativas, junto aos trabalhadores de saude. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, nos meses de agosto a outubro de 2004, em Unidades Basicas de Saude. Da analise das entrevistas, emergiram cinco categorias. Concluiu-se que e nitido que o aluno reproduz o ensino tradicional, apresentando limitada analise critica e problematizadora da realidade.Health work could exist by building and rebuilding educational proposals concerning the practiones, considering the everyday problems. This research aimed at understanding the meanings attributed by the egressed nursing students at the university in the northwet region of Paraná State, to the lived experiences in their educative experiences with health workers. This is a qualtitative aaproach study. Data were obtained by means of semi-structured interviews, from August to October, 2004, in Basic Health Units. Through the interviews analises, five categories emerged. It can be clearly concluded that the student acts in the traditional teaching, presenting limited critical analisis of the reality.

A pesquisa em enfermagem: avanços e desafios

The objective of this study is to reflect on the organization and development of nursing research in Brazil, pointing out some knowledge advances and limits until the moment, as well as indicating some of the challenges for the research in nursing. One of these challenges would be establishing the relation between nursing and care.O objetivo deste estudo e fazer uma reflexao sobre a organizacao e o desenvolvimento da pesquisa em enfermagem no Brasil, apontando alguns avancos e limites do conhecimento ate entao produzido, bem como pontuar alguns dos desafios para a pesquisa em enfermagem, dentre esses, a busca de caminhos que incorporem efetivamente a sua relacao com o cuidar.

O paciente em centro de terapia intensiva: reflexão bioética

The aim of this article is to reflect on some dimensions of the assistance to patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), looking for some theoretical subsidies in bioethics considering the principles of justice, autonomy and beneficence, the rights of the critically ill, and the humanization of attendance. It is timely to discuss the perspectives that involve caring in the intensive care unit, searching to surmount the view that reduces the patients to biological patterns, incorporating life in all of its complexity and completeness.A proposta deste artigo e refletir sobre algumas dimensoes da assistencia aos pacientes internados em centro de terapia intensiva (CTI), buscando alguns subsidios teoricos na bioetica, a partir dos principios de justica, autonomia e beneficencia dos direitos do doente critico e da humanizacao do atendimento E oportuno discutir as perspectivas que vem assumindo o cuidar em terapia intensiva, na busca de ultrapassar a visao que reduz os pacientes aos padroes biologicos, incorporando a vida em sua complexidade e plenitude.