Agustín García Matilla

La imagen transformadora. El poder de cambio social de una fotografía: la muerte de Aylan

This paper focuses on the role of the image as an agent for social transformation. The methodology adopted is a case study: the impact of the photograph of Aylan Kurdi, the three-year-old child drowned off Bodrum in an attempt to escape on a raft full of Syrian migrants. This is one of the most widely seen social photojournalism documents in recent times, and it had a huge impact on social media. The study applies an iconographic, iconological and ethical analysis to reveal the constituent parts of an image with the power for social change. In its main conclusions, this paper describes the potential for easy resignification of the digital graphic image as it symbolically transforms reality, and the power it has to generate processes of pronouncement and activism among citizens in digital environments. The results of the case study show that the value of an image for social change is achieved not only by the magnitude of the tragedy itself and the information that it registers, or by its formal aspects (iconographic), but mainly by being able to express a change of logic (iconological aspects) and to promote processes of reappropriation and denunciation. The ethical debate on dissemination shifts the problem from journalistic ethics to citizen responsibility.

Escuela, televisión y valores democráticos

La escuela pasa por momentos de crisis. Los profundos cambios afectan de una manera especial a la institucion escolar que ha de necesariamente resituarse y definir su papel en la formacion de los ciudadanos. En nuestros dias, la mayor parte de la informacion no circula ya por las redes educativas, sino que son los medios de comunicacion, y en singular la television, los que ocupan un lugar central de penetracion cultural. Con una breve, pero sagaz reflexion el autor nos adentra en la necesidad de conjugar y desarrollar la comunicacion y la educacion conjuntamente como pilares democraticos del nuevo siglo.

Desafíos educativos en tiempos de auto-comunicación masiva: la interlocución de las audiencias

En este texto se abordan esencialmente dos temas. En primer lugar, los cambios emergentes en el estar como audiencias frente a nuevos y viejos medios y, en segundo lugar, los procesos multiples de recepcion e interlocucion que hoy experimentan. Se argumenta que las audiencias sin perder siempre ese rol, estan tambien asumiendo otros mas activos e interactuando cada vez mas como noveles productores y emisores de contenidos mediaticos, similares a los que intercambian a traves de diversos lenguajes, formatos y dispositivos tecnologicos. Se destaca la necesidad de diferenciar el consumo amplificado y la gran conectividad existente, de una autentica interlocucion horizontal, creativa y propositiva de los interlocutores. Por otra parte, se presenta una propuesta educomunicativa acorde con esta realidad polimorfa y cambiante de las audiencias, que rescata la tradicion pedagogico-critica iberoamericana y que se desarrolla en la Universidad de Valladolid, Campus de Segovia. La asignatura «Comunicacion, educacion y sociedad en el contexto digital» se programa en los estudios de Comunicacion de esta Universidad con el objetivo de desarrollar y fortalecer aquellas capacidades, destrezas y reflexiones apropiadas para una interlocucion mas integral en el mundo de la educomunicacion. El principal objetivo de la educacion en competencia comunicativa, educacion en medios y alfabetizacion digital es educar en las tecnicas y estrategias para el analisis y produccion de contenidos en medios. En este articulo se subraya la gran complejidad comunicativa y cultural que conllevan los esfuerzos educativos en esta direccion.text is an approach on two leading topics: the changes emerging in the way audiences deal with new and old media, and, the multiple processes of reception and interaction occurring as a result of the information and commu- nication systems. Audiences are seemingly devising new roles as creators and emitters of media products which they exchange through a variety of languages, formats and technologies. Significant differences are emerging between widespread consumption and connectivity, and the authentic, horizontal and creative participation of audiences. This paper also develops a proposal that is educational, communicative and pedagogical for this changing and poly- morphous audience repositioning. This proposal is based on the tradition of the Latin American Critical Pedagogy of Communication course offered by the Communication Studies department of the University of Valladolid (Segovia). The study of Communication, Education and Society in a Digital Context is part of the degree course in Communication at the UVa, which was established with the aim of developing and reinforcing the skills required to achieve a global dialogue in the field of communication and education. The main goal of communicative competen- ce is to instruct on the techniques and skills needed to produce and explore the application of media contents.text is an approach on two leading topics: the changes emerging in the way audiences deal with new and old media, and, the multiple processes of reception and interaction occurring as a result of the information and commu- nication systems. Audiences are seemingly devising new roles as creators and emitters of media products which they exchange through a variety of languages, formats and technologies. Significant differences are emerging between widespread consumption and connectivity, and the authentic, horizontal and creative participation of audiences. This paper also develops a proposal that is educational, communicative and pedagogical for this changing and poly- morphous audience repositioning. This proposal is based on the tradition of the Latin American Critical Pedagogy of Communication course offered by the Communication Studies department of the University of Valladolid (Segovia). The study of Communication, Education and Society in a Digital Context is part of the degree course in Communication at the UVa, which was established with the aim of developing and reinforcing the skills required to achieve a global dialogue in the field of communication and education. The main goal of communicative competen- ce is to instruct on the techniques and skills needed to produce and explore the application of media contents. ABSTRACT (Spanish)