Aleksandra do Socorro da Silva

Aprendizagem de iniciantes em algoritmos e programação: foco nas competências de autoavaliação

A educacao a distancia tem ganhado significativa atencao tanto na academia quanto nas iniciativas governamentais. Neste contexto, cresce tambem a preocupacao com a avaliacao da qualidade dos diversos aspectos destes cursos mediados pelas tecnologias da informacao e comunicacao. Apesar de muitos trabalhos discutirem diversos aspectos da avaliacao em Ead, a literatura carece de relatos de experiencia que, especialmente, abordem os cursos tecnicos a distancia que possuem especificidades relevantes. Assim, este trabalho relata uma experiencia onde se avalia e adapta uma das propostas existentes na literatura de avaliacao mediada por foruns, ao contexto dos cursos tecnicos a distancia, constituindo-se esta adaptacao e sua discussao as principais contribuicoes do mesmo.Em Educacao a Distância mediada por meio de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem, foruns de discussao sao um instrumento importante e amplamente utilizado na articulacao de debates e discussoes entre os atores envolvidos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Com a ampla utilizacao dos foruns muitas mensagens sao trocadas e isso, por vezes, excede a capacidade de monitoramento por parte dos professores e tutores. O presente trabalho apresenta a concepcao de um classificador de mensagens de foruns que classifica as mensagens em positivas ou negativas, a fim de identificar mensagens que necessitam de maior atencao. Este trabalho aplica conceitos de mineracao de textos, com o algoritmo SVM obtendo taxas de acerto satisfatorias.Este artigo apresenta o framework Contagious, cujo proposito e estabelecer diretrizes que norteiem a construcao de redes sociais online orientadas a Difusao de Inovacoes. Compreendo-se o fenomeno das redes sociais online como consequencia natural do carater social do ser humano, vislumbrou-se esse meio tecnologico de comunicacao e interacao social como potencial ferramenta para a extensao de praticas educativas, com vistas a formacao do carater integral do cidadao. Para isso, foi adotada a teoria de Difusao de Inovacoes, propria das ciencias sociais. As contribuicoes deste trabalho, portanto, compreendem duas vertentes: a) o mapeamento de principios de uma teoria social na forma de recursos computacionais e; b) um enfoque orientado a educacao sobre as redes sociais online.A proposta do trabalho consiste em desenvolver um sistema para ser usado no celular como ferramenta de auxilio para alfabetizacao, utilizando-se de imagens e sons como forma de facilitar o aprendizado. Como metodo de desenvolvimento utiliza-se o processo P@PSEduc (Processo Agil para Software Educativo) e a ferramenta JME (Java Micro Edition).O crescente uso e difusao de tecnologias Web, a ubiquidade de ferramentas educacionais vem proporcionado verdadeiras revolucoes nos ambientes de ensino. Atualmente, sabe-se que nao mais se deve tratar alunos de forma homogenea, como se assim os fossem. Em face disso, este artigo apresenta um sistema adaptativo de apoio a aprendizagem colaborativa, cujo tema e a construcao e representacao do conhecimento por meio de mapas mentais multimidia. Tal sistema, baseia-se na Teoria da Carga Cognitiva, cuja preocupacao primaria e a facilidade com a qual as informacoes sao processadas pelos individuos.

Social Networks Analysis and Participation in Learning Environments to Digital Inclusion Based on Large-Scale Distance Education

Evaluating and monitoring large-scale distance learning programs require different techniques, systems, and analysis methods. This work presents challenges in evaluating and monitoring digital inclusion training programs, considering the aspects inherent in large-scale distance training, and reports an approach based on network and distance learning. The paper has the following objectives: (i) apply algorithms to extract indicators from interaction networks, in a real scenario and consolidated training based on distance learning; (ii) apply algorithms to correlate interaction indicators with other indicators related to the use and participation in learning environments; and (iii) discuss the relevance of the obtained indicators to promote feedback with information critical to the success of a large-scale distance training program.

Social Network Analysis and Mining to Monitor and Identify Problems with Large-Scale Information and Communication Technology Interventions

The published literature reveals several arguments concerning the strategic importance of information and communication technology (ICT) interventions for developing countries where the digital divide is a challenge. Large-scale ICT interventions can be an option for countries whose regions, both urban and rural, present a high number of digitally excluded people. Our goal was to monitor and identify problems in interventions aimed at certification for a large number of participants in different geographical regions. Our case study is the training at the Telecentros.BR, a program created in Brazil to install telecenters and certify individuals to use ICT resources. We propose an approach that applies social network analysis and mining techniques to data collected from Telecentros.BR dataset and from the socioeconomics and telecommunications infrastructure indicators of the participants’ municipalities. We found that (i) the analysis of interactions in different time periods reflects the objectives of each phase of training, highlighting the increased density in the phase in which participants develop and disseminate their projects; (ii) analysis according to the roles of participants (i.e., tutors or community members) reveals that the interactions were influenced by the center (or region) to which the participant belongs (that is, a community contained mainly members of the same region and always with the presence of tutors, contradicting expectations of the training project, which aimed for intense collaboration of the participants, regardless of the geographic region); (iii) the social network of participants influences the success of the training: that is, given evidence that the degree of the community member is in the highest range, the probability of this individual concluding the training is 0.689; (iv) the North region presented the lowest probability of participant certification, whereas the Northeast, which served municipalities with similar characteristics, presented high probability of certification, associated with the highest degree in social networking platform.

Employing online social networks to monitor and evaluate training of digital inclusion agents

This work presents challenges in evaluating and monitoring digital inclusion training programs, considering the aspects inherent in large-scale training, and report the main challenges in an approach based on network learning. For this, our goals are as follows: develop an architecture to provide all interface features with communication tools, data collection, automatic notification (alerts) of interest to those involved in training and proposal, and survey analyses; employ algorithms to measure the centrality, prestige, and density of interactions in a real case and consolidated training based on learning network; employ algorithms to correlate and measure, in probabilistic terms, the effects of participation in the interaction tools and the use of the resources and activities proposed; and improve a large-scale training program from the implementation of monitoring and tracking services offered in the architecture.

Apoio Automatizado à mediação da aprendizagem baseada em experimentos

A ideia por tras da atividade experimental e permitir aos estudantes atingirem uma maior autonomia intelectual. Para isso, o estudante deve perceber a importância do refletir apos o fazer. Esse artigo discute o problema e propoe um sistema, que pode ser incorporado a Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem para gerenciar as atividades apoiadas por esses ambientes. O sistema proposto permite definir processos do tipo “padrao” om atividades que sao “instanciadas” para os cursos e conta tambem conta com uma ferramenta de avaliacao automatica de textos, que fornece, para o professor, indicadores que podem ser usados para agilizar o feedback para os estudantes.

An approach to evaluate large-scale ICT training interventions

Despite advances in the quality and availability of information and communication technologies (ICT), the level of access and skill in using these resources remains unequal. This is particularly evident in developing countries. To reduce the gap between these levels of ICT use, organizations (both public and private) invest in the expansion of infrastructure by providing ICT access and ICT training. In this study, we demonstrate that there is a gap in current approaches to monitor and evaluate large-scale ICT training interventions. Thus, we propose an approach based on social network analysis and data mining techniques, and apply it to an online training program conducted in different regions of Brazil. The results allow us to examine different aspects of the program, such as the region of participants, the institutions driving the intervention, local indicators of telecommunications infrastructure, and local socioeconomic conditions.

A PARTICIPAÇÃO FEMININA NOS CURSOS DE COMPUTAÇÃO DO ESTADO DO PARÁ: AVANÇOS E DESAFIOS

Este artigo, atraves de questionarios estruturados, realiza uma analise das respostas dos(as) discentes com respeito a diferentes aspectos, sob a otica do genero do discente: motivos para a selecao do curso, nivel de satisfacao e desmotivacao com o curso, influencia dos grupos de disciplinas que levaram a desmotivacao, dificuldade de aprendizado com as disciplinas de algoritmos e programacao, motivos para permanecer no curso, dentre outros. A metodologia envolve tres etapas: analise das respostas dos(as) discentes nos questionarios; estudo da associacao entre as respostas dos(as) discentes; e, entrevistas com discentes. Como resultados, foram encontradas participacoes significativamente menores das mulheres nos cursos analisados e associacao significativa entre inibicao e dificuldade de aprendizado relatadas. Embora o estudo aponte que ha pouca influencia do sexo do(a) discente nos aspectos de inibicao, dificuldade de aprendizado e desmotivacao, os relatos dos estudantes apontam para a necessidade de iniciativas, programas e acoes que incentivam a participacao feminina nesses cursos.

Gravidez na adolescência e associação com indicadores de renda, educação e acesso às Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação no Brasil e na Amazônia Legal Brasileira

Objectives: To analyse the association between the information access through a computer with Internet connexion in households and the teenage pregnancy, taking as reference the municipalities of Brazilian Legal Amazon compared to the rest of Brazil. Methods: Ecological study based on data collected from the Demographic Census of peoples and households performed in Brazil, in the year 2010, by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The integration of the databases was performed, from which variables were selected for the municipalities. These variables represent the dimensions of fecundity, income, education, ownership of computer with Internet access in the households, and space of reference (Brazil, Amazon). The visualisation of the spatial distribution of teenage pregnancy in Brazilian municipalities is presented in the form of map. According to the classes of ages, the medium percentages of occurrence of the phenomenon in the municipalities of Amazon are compared to the municipalities of Brazil. Interactively, mining algorithms were applied to extract rules of association between the variables of the problem. Results: For the municipalities of Brazilian Legal Amazon with the lowest percentages of households with computer with Internet access (< 4,49%), the probability of presenting the highest percentages of teenage pregnancy (≥ 9,39%) is equal to 0,723, while for the others municipalities of Brazil, this probability is equal to 0,23. The phenomenon of teenage pregnancy presented association with the space of reference (Brazil, Amazon) and with the ownership of computer with Internet access in the households. Conclusions: The municipalities of Brazilian Legal Amazon present high occurrence rates of teenage pregnancy compared to the others municipalities of Brazil. Associated to the low-infrastructure of Internet access, the occurrence of this phenomenon reveals the unequal conditions that managers and health professionals can find to execute projects that use Information and Communications Technologies.

Concentration of Access to Information and Communication Technologies in the Municipalities of the Brazilian Legal Amazon

This study fills demand for data on access and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the Brazilian legal Amazon, a region of localities with identical economic, political, and social problems. We use the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census to compile data on urban and rural households (i) with computers and Internet access, (ii) with mobile phones, and (iii) with fixed phones. To compare the concentration of access to ICT in the municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon with other regions of Brazil, we use a concentration index to quantify the concentration of households in the following classes: with computers and Internet access, with mobile phones, with fixed phones, and no access. These data are analyzed along with municipal indicators on income, education, electricity, and population size. The results show that for urban households, the average concentration in the municipalities of the Amazon for computers and Internet access and for fixed phones is lower than in other regions of the country; meanwhile, that for no access and mobile phones is higher than in any other region. For rural households, the average concentration in the municipalities of the Amazon for computers and Internet access, mobile phones, and fixed phones is lower than in any other region of the country; meanwhile, that for no access is higher than in any other region. In addition, the study shows that education and income are determinants of inequality in accessing ICT in Brazilian municipalities and that the existence of electricity in rural households is directly associated with the ownership of ICT resources.

Social Network Analysis to Monitor Interactions in Virtual Learning Environment

Social network analysis is appointed as a promising approach to analyze the interactions in e-learning environments. Virtual Learning Environments (VLE) allow the register of significant amounts of data, proving to be a valuable data source to support researches on online interactions. This study is applied in a course offered in Brazil for training individuals to act as digital inclusion agents in telecenters. Our goals were to investigate the influence of the tutors role in the grouping of individuals who interact through the VLE and to investigate the grouping of individuals from different regions of the country. Our approach presents the visualization of structure of interactions among the actors and discusses structural aspects of the interactions occurred in the VLE. We found that the classification of individuals by region could be predicted by the classification using a community detection method.