Alessandro Luís Fraga

Effect of probiotic and prebiotic inclusion in weaned piglet diets on structure and ultra-structure of small intestine

Forty-four piglets weaned were distributed in a complete randomized blocks in factorial scheme. Experimental diets were: T1 = Basal Diet (BD); T2 = BD + Antibiotic; T3 = BD + Probiotic; T4 = BD + Prebiotic; T5 = BD + Symbiotic (T3+T4). As control, four piglets were slaughtered at weaning. Seven and 14 days after weaning, four animals per treatment were slaughtered. Small intestine segments were sampled from each animal for electron and light microscopy evaluation. The evaluated micro-ingredients affected intestinal histology. It was observed higher villous density in duodenum of piglets fed diet with prebiotic in relation to those fed diets with probiotic. In jejunum of piglets fed diets with prebiotic was found higher villous density, but this difference was not significant. In relation to BD, symbiotic increased duodenal micro-villous height at the 14th day after weaning. Piglets supplemented with probiotic had better recovering of micro-villous density in relation to those fed with other diets.

Valor nutritivo e desempenho de leitões alimentados com rações contendo silagem de grãos úmidos de milho

A digestibility assay was carried out to determine the dry matter apparent digestibility coefficients (DMDC), crude protein (CPDC), starch (SDC), gross energy (GEDC) and gross energy metabolization coefficient (GEMC) of high moisture corn silage (HMCS). Twelve crossbred (Landrace x Large-White x Duroc) castrated males were allotted to metabolism cages, in a completely randomized design. The total feces and urine collection method was used. The values of digestible dry matter (DDM), digestible protein (DP), digestible starch (DS), digestible energy (DE), and metabolizable energy (ME) of HMCS were 48.70, 3.77, 42.35%, and 2,389 and 3,327 kcal/kg, respectively, based on natural matter (60.18% DM). The experiment 2 was carried out to evaluate piglet performance and economic viability of diets with different substitution levels of dry yellow corn by HMCS. Forty-eight cross-breed (Landrace x Large-White x Duroc) piglets were used. The piglets were divided into four treatments in a completely randomized design, with six experimental units and two piglets per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal corn-soybean meal diet and three diets with increasing dry yellow corn substitution by HMCS levels (33, 66 and 100%), based on the digestible energy content of dry yellow corn and HMCS. There was no effect of increasing levels of HMCS on daily weight gain and daily feed intake. Linear reduction on feed conversion and diet cost per kilogram of weight gain was observed. Data indicate that dry corn can be completely replaced by HMCS on piglets diets, with improvement on performance and economic index.

Complexo enzimático para suínos: digestão, metabolismo, desempenho e impacto ambiental

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para avaliar a suplementacao enzimatica (amilase, pentosanase, celulase, protease e a-galactosidase) em racoes a base de milho e farelo de soja para suinos. No Exp 1, foram determinadas as digestibilidades aparentes da energia, materia seca, proteina e das fibras das racoes, com ou sem o complexo enzimatico, para suinos machos castrados, com 19,96 ± 2,90 kg de peso vivo. Foi utilizado o metodo da coleta total de fezes e as racoes foram formuladas com niveis reduzidos de energia, proteina e aminoacidos. No Exp 2, foram mensurados o desempenho, a excrecao de solidos totais e volateis, materia mineral, nitrogenio, macro e microminerais nas fezes, em relacao ao desempenho, de suinos machos castrados dos 50 aos 151 dias de idade, com peso medio inicial de 18,34 ± 1,35 kg. Foram utilizadas tres dietas, sendo uma racao formulada para atender ou exceder as exigencias nutricionais dos animais, de acordo com o NRC (1998), e outras duas com niveis reduzidos de energia, proteina e aminoacidos, suplementadas ou nao com o complexo enzimatico. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados. A suplementacao enzimatica em racoes contendo milho e farelo de soja nao promoveu incrementos na digestibilidade de nutrientes, nao melhorou o desempenho dos animais e tambem nao reduziu a excrecao de residuos pelas fezes. Mais estudos sao necessarios para testar novas matrizes e diferentes niveis do complexo enzimatico.

Lysine requirement of starting barrows from two genetic groups fed on low crude protein diets

A trial was carried out to determine the lysine req uirement for starting barrows fed on ideal protein concept-based diets. Thirty-two pigs from a commercial crossbred genetic group (CCGG, BW=15.9 ± 1.4 kg) and 32 pigs from a dam line one (DLGG, BW= 14.8 ± 1.0 kg) were used. Pigs were allotted to 4 treatme nts with diets containing increasing levels of total lysine (0.80, 1.00, 1.20 and 1.40%). Methionine+cystine, threonine and tryp tophan were adjusted according to ideal protein profile. Data f rom performance, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and car cass composition were analyzed. CCGG showed higher daily feed intake, daily weight gain, PUN and protein:fa t ratio in carcass, while DLGG showed higher fat carcass conte nt and nitrogen retention. Fat content and protein: fat ratio in carcass for CCCGG and PUN and crude protein carcass content for DLGG showed quadratic response to increasing total lysine levels. Derivations of the quadratic equations indicated the total lysine requ irement for CCGG starting barrows is 1.15% and for DLGG startin g barrows is 1.09%.

Restrição alimentar qualitativa para suínos com elevado peso de abate

Foram utilizados 60 suinos machos castrados (89,1 ± 4,2 kg) para avaliar o uso de niveis (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20%) de restricao qualitativa, resultando em valores de 3.407, 3.240, 3.060, 2.890 e 2.720 kcal de energia digestivel por quilo de racao. Dez animais foram abatidos no inicio do experimento para determinacao da composicao corporal inicial, enquanto os demais foram alimentados com as dietas experimentais ate atingirem 128 kg. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados para controle das diferencas de peso inicial, com dez blocos, cinco tratamentos (dietas experimentais) e um animal por unidade experimental. Dados de caracteristicas de desempenho, de carcaca e parâmetros sericos dos animais foram submetidos a analise de variância com posterior desdobramento em regressao em funcao dos niveis de restricao qualitativa das dietas. O aumento nos niveis de restricao qualitativa nao alterou o consumo diario de racao, mas reduziu linearmente o consumo diario de energia digestivel e o ganho diario de peso, piorando a conversao alimentar e melhorando a eficiencia de utilizacao de energia pelos animais. Os niveis de restricao qualitativa provocaram reducao linear dos niveis sericos de triacilglicerois e da espessura de toucinho e aumento da porcentagem e quantidade de carne magra e do indice de bonificacao das carcacas, mas nao alteraram o ganho diario de carne magra. A utilizacao de restricao qualitativa e eficiente para reduzir a ingestao energetica e a deposicao de gordura em suinos nao reduz a capacidade de producao de carne magra.

Carcass characteristics and meat quality of heavy swine fed different citrus pulp levels

An assay with 36 swine initially weighting 83.7±5.1kg body weight (BW) was carried out to evaluate the effects of the use of different dietary citrus pulp levels, 0, 10%, 20%, and 30%, upon digestive organs weights, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of animals subjected to qualitative feed restriction program, and slaughtered at 130kg BW. Linear response (P 0.05). Higher levels of citrus pulp neither decreased backfat thickness nor increased amount of lean meat, indicative that qualitative feed restriction was not efficient. Positive linear effect (P<0.05) on pH measured 24 hours after slaughter and negative linear effect (P<0.05) on color characteristics as function of citrus pulp dietary levels were verified. Citrus pulp addition in qualitative feed restriction program may not be effective. As no deleterious effects upon meat qualities were observed, citrus pulp can be used as an alternative feedstuff for finishing swine.

Efeitos de fontes protéicas na dieta sobre a morfologia intestinal e o desenvolvimento pancreático de leitões recém-desmamados

ABSTRACT - This trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with hydrolyzed protein of the cellularcontent of yeast (HPCCY), isolated protein of soy (IPS), hydrolyzed protein of intestinal mucosa membrane of swine (HPIMS) anddried whole milk on intestinal mucosa membrane morphology and pancreas development of weaned pigs at 7 and 14 days post weaning .Fourty-four piglets ( averaging5.5 ± 0.6 kg) were fed the following isonutritive diets: SM – yellow corn-soybean meal based diet; DWM– SM plus dried whole milk; DWM+HPIMS - DWM plus HPIMS; DWM+IPS – DWM plus IPS; DWM+HPCCY – DWM plusHPCCY. The treatments did not influence the pig intestinal structure, showing that none of the protein sources minimized the harmfuleffects of feeding change on the intestinal epithelium. DWM+HPIMS and DWM+IPS provided the greatest pancreatic weight at 7 dayspost weaning. It was concluded that all studied protein sources were adequate to formulate diets for weaned piglets.Key Words: hydrolyzed protein, intestinal epithelium, milk dried, piglets

Avaliação econômica do uso da restrição alimentar qualitativa para suínos com elevado peso de abate

The objective of this work was to economically evaluate the use of the qualitative feed restriction for castrated male pigs during finishing phase by performance and carcass characteristics of 60 animals. Ten pigs were slaughtered at the beginning of experimental phase (89.0 ± 4.2 kg) and other pigs fed rations with levels of qualitative nutritional restriction (0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0%), obtained by inclusion of finely ground rice hulls, until the end of the experiment (127.8 ± 2.9 kg). Feeding cost was calculated during the experimental period (R

Effect of adding macro and micro minerals in pig feces fed diets with different levels of probiotic

feed) and gross income of each carcass of pigs slaughtered at 128.0 kg (GIpig128kg) was estimated at the beginning of experiment (GImean_pig89kg). From these three data, it was calculated the net income (NI) of the use of experimental diets (NI = GIpig128kg - GImean_pig89kg - R

Effect of inclusion of citrus pulp in the diet of finishing swines

feed). The monthly variation of the corn, soybean meal and pig prices were also analyzed and corn price was determined as the greatest impact factor over the profitability of qualitative feed restriction. The prediction equation of probability of the linear increase of net income by the use of qualitative restriction was determined in function of the corn prices - CP (P-valueNI = 0.392 - 0.625CP, R2 = 0.73). Significant effect was observed for corn prices over four times the rice hulls cost. Thus, the viability of the use of qualitative restriction, up to 20% level, depends on the economic scenery and especially on corn price, the principal ingredient replaced in rations when the qualitative restriction is used, and its relation with the cost of residual product utilized to provide energetic dilution.