Alexandre Baumgarten

Formação em saúde com vivência no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS): percepções de estudantes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brasil

O processo ensino-aprendizagem para a formacao de cirurgioes-dentistas fundamenta-se em diretrizes que corroboram a formacao de profissionais reflexivos, humanisticos e criticos. Nessa perspectiva, objetiva-se, com a presente pesquisa, trabalhar as percepcoes de estudantes de uma faculdade de odontologia em relacao a realizacao de estagios curriculares supervisionados no Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS). Esta e uma pesquisa descritiva, desenvolvida com dados qualitativos, coletados por meio de questionarios autoaplicados em 65 estudantes, e trabalhados segundo Analise de Conteudo. Chegou-se a tres temas estruturados nas seguintes categorias: explorando o desconhecido; iniciando a caminhada profissional; vivenciando as realidades no SUS. Os estudantes percebem diferentes processos de trabalho em saude, apontam a importância do engajamento dos professores na supervisao dos estagios e percebem o SUS como um rico espaco de aprendizagem significativa para a formacao em saude.

O ensino nos serviços de atenção primária do sistema único de saúde (SUS) na formação de profissionais de saúde no Brasil

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o papel do ensino nos servicos de atencao primaria do Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS) para a formacao do cirurgiao-dentista em uma universidade publica no sul do Brasil. A abordagem metodologica foi qualitativa (estudo de caso), realizando-se entrevistas com 12 estudantes de Odontologia, seis preceptores cirurgioes-dentistas com atuacao nos servicos publicos de atencao primaria e tres professores vinculados ao estagio curricular. Os achados mostraram que o estagio curricular nos servicos de atencao primaria do SUS impactou na formacao do cirurgiao-dentista por meio do estabelecimento de vinculos, autonomia na resolucao de problemas e trabalho em equipe multiprofissional. Foram evidenciadas aprendizagens sobre funcionamento dos servicos de saude, cuidado em saude e desenvolvimento de competencia cultural. Ha necessidade da problematizacao permanente sobre as praticas e que se assegure infraestrutura e profissionais qualificados para o ensino nos servicos.

Discrimination, gender and self‐reported aesthetic problems among Brazilian Adults

OBJECTIVES To explore factors associated with discrimination in healthcare services and to assess whether discrimination based on dental aesthetics differs by sex. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis based on a household survey carried out in a city in Southern Brazil. Fifteen primary health care (PHC) units with a dental team were randomly selected, and individuals who used the public services in the catchment areas of the PHC units were interviewed. The survey questionnaire included experiences with discrimination related to health services, sociodemographic and dental characteristics. Multiple logistic regressions were estimated with dental appearance as outcome. RESULTS The final sample was composed of 433 individuals, with 15.2% reporting being discriminated in health services. Participants with ≥20 teeth were significantly more likely to report discrimination than those with <20 teeth (16.6% vs 9.1%, respectively), and people with twisted and stained teeth reported more discrimination than those with white and aligned teeth (23.2% vs 9.9%, respectively). Overall, individuals with twisted and stained teeth were more likely to report discrimination (OR=3.13; 95% CI: 1.46-6.71). When the analyses were stratified by sex, women with twisted and stained teeth showed an OR=3.62 (95% CI: 1.55-8.46) and men OR=0.54 (95% CI: 0.05-6.18). CONCLUSION Dental appearance may lead to discrimination in healthcare services, but this seems to be more important for women than men.

Teaching at primary healthcare services within the Brazilian national health system (SUS) in Brazilian healthcare professionals' training

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o papel do ensino nos servicos de atencao primaria do Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS) para a formacao do cirurgiao-dentista em uma universidade publica no sul do Brasil. A abordagem metodologica foi qualitativa (estudo de caso), realizando-se entrevistas com 12 estudantes de Odontologia, seis preceptores cirurgioes-dentistas com atuacao nos servicos publicos de atencao primaria e tres professores vinculados ao estagio curricular. Os achados mostraram que o estagio curricular nos servicos de atencao primaria do SUS impactou na formacao do cirurgiao-dentista por meio do estabelecimento de vinculos, autonomia na resolucao de problemas e trabalho em equipe multiprofissional. Foram evidenciadas aprendizagens sobre funcionamento dos servicos de saude, cuidado em saude e desenvolvimento de competencia cultural. Ha necessidade da problematizacao permanente sobre as praticas e que se assegure infraestrutura e profissionais qualificados para o ensino nos servicos.

Dental health education : a literature review

A necessaria renovacao das praticas de educacao em saude tem sido um desafio no que se refere a possibilidade de aumentar a competencia e influenciar nas tomadas de decisao. Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisao de literatura sobre o tema ‘educacao em saude bucal’, analisando seus sujeitos, estrategias metodologicas e formas de avaliacao. Foi conduzida busca eletronica, de 2000 a 2011, nas bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Biblioteca Brasileira de Odontologia (BBO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude (LILACS), Biomedical Journal Literature a servico da National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed) e Portal CAPES. A busca limitou-se a artigos na Lingua Inglesa e Portuguesa. Os artigos selecionados foram obtidos na integra e analisados (61 artigos). Os grupos mais observados nas atividades educativas em saude bucal foram os pre-escolares e escolares, seguidos pelos profissionais de saude e idosos. O uso de folhetos educativos foi o metodo mais observado, seguido pela palestra/instrucao verbal/ cartazes e demonstracoes com o uso de macromodelos. O questionario foi o instrumento de avaliacao mais citado, seguido pela associacao exame clinico-questionario e exame clinico.

La enseñanza en los servicios de atención primaria del sistema gubernamental de salud brasileño (SUS) en la formación de los profesionales de salud en Brasil

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o papel do ensino nos servicos de atencao primaria do Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS) para a formacao do cirurgiao-dentista em uma universidade publica no sul do Brasil. A abordagem metodologica foi qualitativa (estudo de caso), realizando-se entrevistas com 12 estudantes de Odontologia, seis preceptores cirurgioes-dentistas com atuacao nos servicos publicos de atencao primaria e tres professores vinculados ao estagio curricular. Os achados mostraram que o estagio curricular nos servicos de atencao primaria do SUS impactou na formacao do cirurgiao-dentista por meio do estabelecimento de vinculos, autonomia na resolucao de problemas e trabalho em equipe multiprofissional. Foram evidenciadas aprendizagens sobre funcionamento dos servicos de saude, cuidado em saude e desenvolvimento de competencia cultural. Ha necessidade da problematizacao permanente sobre as praticas e que se assegure infraestrutura e profissionais qualificados para o ensino nos servicos.

Dental status, oral prosthesis and chewing ability in an adult and elderly population in southern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with inadequate chewing in an adult and elderly population of a city in the southern region of Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study based on a population home-based inquiry (DCH-POP) in southern Brazil. Individuals were interviewed by trained interviewers to create a standardized procedure. In a pilot study, the Questionnaire of Human Communication Disorders (DCH-POP) was created and validated to identify self-reported speech and language, swallowing and hearing disorders. The outcome was dichotomized into either having adequate chewing or not, as assessed by a series of questions about chewing ability. Analyses of absolute and relative frequencies were measured according to the studied variables. A Poisson regression was applied at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: A total of 1,246 people were interviewed. Inadequate chewing was found in 52 (5.6%) individuals, with a higher prevalence in the elderly (11.8%) than in adults (5.2%). In the final model, the following factors were associated with inadequate chewing: being 61 years of age or older (prevalence ratio or PR=9.03; 95% CI: 1.20-67.91), loss of teeth and use of unadjusted prosthesis (PR=3.50; 95% CI: 1.54-7.95), preference for foods of soft consistency (PR=9.34; 95% CI:4.66-8.70) and difficulty in nasal breathing (PR=2.82; 95% CI: 1.31-6.06). CONCLUSION: Age, oral health status through dental prosthesis, preference for foods of soft consistency and difficulty breathing through the nose were factors associated with chewing inability in adults and the elderly.

Experiences of health service-related discrimination: exploratory analysis in two Southern Brazilian State capitals

Objective: to describe the prevalence of health service-related discrimination, as well as its motivations and associated factors. Methods: this is a cross-sectional analysis based on data from two population-based surveys carried out in Porto Alegre-RS with health service users and in Florianopolis-SC with a representative sample of university students, between 2010-2012. Results: the prevalence of health service-related discrimination was 13.6% (95%CI: 10.5;17.2) in Porto Alegre and 7.4% (95%CI: 5.8;9.1) in Florianopolis; the main reason for being discriminated against was being of low socioeconomic status; in both state capitals the highest prevalence of discrimination was observed among smokers, self-classified Black people, and individuals aged between 31 and 40. Conclusion: the results show a relatively low prevalence of discrimination; the study reinforces the need to investigate discrimination in health services in order to provide adequate care to the population.

Experiências de discriminação relacionadas aos serviços de saúde: análise exploratória em duas capitais do Sul do Brasil

Objective: to describe the prevalence of health service-related discrimination, as well as its motivations and associated factors. Methods: this is a cross-sectional analysis based on data from two population-based surveys carried out in Porto Alegre-RS with health service users and in Florianopolis-SC with a representative sample of university students, between 2010-2012. Results: the prevalence of health service-related discrimination was 13.6% (95%CI: 10.5;17.2) in Porto Alegre and 7.4% (95%CI: 5.8;9.1) in Florianopolis; the main reason for being discriminated against was being of low socioeconomic status; in both state capitals the highest prevalence of discrimination was observed among smokers, self-classified Black people, and individuals aged between 31 and 40. Conclusion: the results show a relatively low prevalence of discrimination; the study reinforces the need to investigate discrimination in health services in order to provide adequate care to the population.

Experiencias de discriminación relacionadas a los servicios de salud: análisis exploratorio en dos capitales del Sur de Brasil

Objective: to describe the prevalence of health service-related discrimination, as well as its motivations and associated factors. Methods: this is a cross-sectional analysis based on data from two population-based surveys carried out in Porto Alegre-RS with health service users and in Florianopolis-SC with a representative sample of university students, between 2010-2012. Results: the prevalence of health service-related discrimination was 13.6% (95%CI: 10.5;17.2) in Porto Alegre and 7.4% (95%CI: 5.8;9.1) in Florianopolis; the main reason for being discriminated against was being of low socioeconomic status; in both state capitals the highest prevalence of discrimination was observed among smokers, self-classified Black people, and individuals aged between 31 and 40. Conclusion: the results show a relatively low prevalence of discrimination; the study reinforces the need to investigate discrimination in health services in order to provide adequate care to the population.