Carlos Eduardo Balestrin Flores

VULNERABILIDADE DO AQUÍFERO À CONTAMINAÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE SEBERI/RS

The assessment of the vulnerability of aquifers to contamination is an important tool for management of groundwater resources. This article used the GOD methodology vulnerability assessment of aquifer contamination in the Brazilian city of Seberi/RS. The results showed that this county is vulnerable from low to high, following the southwest to northeast. The urban area of this town holds the largest number of information regarding funding and therefore provides more reliable results, with lower vulnerabilities in its southwestern corner, middle and high in the central portion in the northeast portion.

QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA ORIUNDA DO ESCOAMENTO SUPERFICIAL SIMULADO EM BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA

Dentre as principais fontes de contaminacao dos recursos hidricos tanto superficiais quando subterrâneos, o escoamento superficial destaca-se principalmente no carreamento de substancias contaminantes, acarretando em alteracoes prejudiciais na qualidade da agua. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e quimicas da agua oriunda do escoamento superficial da bacia hidrografica do Rio Vacacai-Mirim. Para a realizacao do presente estudo foi utilizado o metodo o metodo “Cornell Sprinkle Infiltrometer”, que promove uma chuva simulada, com tres coletas da agua proveniente do escoamento superficial, aos 3, 30 e 60 minutos. Apos a coleta, foram realizadas testes em laboratorio para a determinacao dos parâmetros (Cloretos, Condutividade Eletrica, Cor, Fluor, Oxigenio Dissolvido, pH, Potassio, Sodio, Solidos Sedimentaveis). Os valores de Cloro variaram de 0,05 a 0,59 mg L-1, Condutividade Eletrica variaram de 31,1 a 188,1 µS cm-1, a Cor oscilou entre 0,9 e 523 uC, as concentracoes de Fluor variaram de 0 a 2,1 mg L-1, o Oxigenio Dissolvido variou de 0,9 a 8,4 mg L-1, o pH variou de 5,7 a 7,41, a concentracao de Potassio variou entre 0 e 20 mg L-1, os valores de Sodio variaram de 2 a 171 mg L-1, a concentracao de Solidos Sedimentaveis variaram de 0,01 a 5.6 mg L-1. Os resultados das analises da variância, nao revelaram interacoes entre os fatores uso e manejo do solo no inicio do escoamento superficial para nenhuma das variaveis estudadas, enquanto que as alteracoes quimicas na agua em funcao do periodo do inicio do escoamento superficial verificou-se efeito significativo apenas na cor da agua.

PARADIGMAS DA ENERGIA SOLAR NO BRASIL E NO MUNDO

Com o aumento gradativo da populacao e dos padroes de consumo da sociedade atual, os debates envolvendo as questoes energeticas estao sendo cada vez mais frequentes. A base energetica do Brasil gira em torno das hidreletricas, visto que o pais possui uma otima disponibilidade hidrica. Com a escassez dos recursos nao renovaveis causado pelo consumo desenfreado, voltam-se os olhos para as fontes de energias renovaveis, dentre elas destaca-se a energia solar. Com isso o presente estudo teve por objetivo elencar a situacao, tipos, dificuldades e expectativas da energia solar no Brasil e no mundo. Foi identificado que o pais possui um grande potencial para geracao de tal energia, porem ainda esbarra principalmente em questoes financeiras para sua implementacao, o que indica que o poder publico deve investir no setor, que pode resolver diversos problemas relacionados ao acesso a energia eletrica em comunidades isoladas do pais.

Utilização de água subterrânea em Frederico Westphalen-RS: condições sócioambientais dos usuários

With the increasing levels of soil contamination, alternative sources of water supply are becoming a threat to the health of the population that uses this feature. Thus, this study aims to determine and evaluate the social and environmental conditions of the users of alternative sources of water supply Frederico Westphalen - RS. The evaluation was done through visits to homes and by applying a questionnaire with several questions on the topic of alternative sources of supply, during the year 2011 and 2012. The number of wells, types, locations in UTM coordinates, static levels and situations they were in were raised in these visits. Therefore, it is concluded that even having access to the public network, many users still use alternative sources to supply their homes, this being a major concern, since many users are unaware of the quality of the water used for consumption.

CONCENTRAÇÕES DE METAIS EM SOLO OCUPADO POR CEMITÉRIO - USO DA TÉCNICA DE ESPECTROMETRIA DE FLUORESCÊNCIA DE RAIOS-X POR ENERGIA DISPERSIVA - EDXRF

The study of contamination of soil and surface water resources and / or by underground cemeteries is an area still fresh in the scientific community. The main contaminant is necrochorume generated from the decomposition process of the human body over a period of time. This study aimed to determine the range of variation of the concentration of some metals in soil profiles. We used the technique of Fluorescence Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDXRF) evaluated in 70 soil samples. The study area was a cemetery located in Seberi in the northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Parana Basin, in Oxisols red ferric aluminum originated from the weathering of volcanic rocks, basalts forming the type of the Serra Geral Aquifer System / SGAS. The selection of the sampling sites was estimated from the preferential flow of surface water, using the mathematical method of kriging interpolation. We considered 10 collection points distributed between the ground surface to a depth of 300 cm, in materials with stony clay matrix to the C horizon Metals Aluminium and Iron and Vanadium nonmetal showed varying concentrations in different depths of the soil profile.

PLANO DE GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS: ESTUDO DE CASO EM USINA DE TRIAGEM

The process of allocation/environmentally sound disposal of solid waste, has become the subject of research and incentives by the government agencies. Based on this, the present study aims to analyze the management system of municipal solid waste in a triage unit in the municipality of Seberi - RS. The unit of study is a consortium of 30 municipalities, which meant their waste daily to the screening process and environmentally sound disposal. It could be observed that the greatest amount of material present in the waste plastic is recyclable, and the city of Fredericksburg what else contributes daily. Based on this, it was concluded that local consortium must invest heavily in a selective collection system, which would result in better conditions of recyclable materials, adhering highest values and decreasing maintenance costs of the unit.

INDICATIVO DE CONTAMINAÇÃO AMBIENTAL POR METAIS PESADOS EM ATERRO SANITÁRIO

The manure is a dark liquid, which contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds. This fluid can contain heavy metals, suspended solids and organic compounds derived from the degradation of substances that are metabolized as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. By virtue of the place where you can reach and contaminate soil and surface and underground water resources, threatening the population living near the area. This study aimed to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals barium, copper and chromium in soil occupied by the landfill. To collect soil auger were performed on 10 different sites and depths. To determine the metal has been used the technique of fluorescence X-ray Energy Dispersive and with the aid of specialized software 10 were Surfer generating the data to the maps. All metals cited in this study indicate soil contamination at some sites and depths, highlighting the point 8 a share of 538.94 m, obtaining concentrations of barium, copper and chromium indicating relation of the surface flow and sub-surface water contaminated by these elements, with the results obtained it can be seen the potential of metal contamination in soil displaced by landfill.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL IN AN AREA SUBJECT TO SPILLS RESULTING FROM LANDFILL LEACHATE

Population growth and consumerism in contemporary civilizations created, make the volume of waste generated is ever increasing, there is increasingly a need to give a correct destination of those materials that are discarded. Landfills are a counterpoint to the old way of disposal of solid waste, the landfill. With the major differences in soil sealing and coverage of periodic layers of trash with a layer of earth. Leaching and decomposition are natural processes that lead to formation of leachate. Therefore, this study aims to present the characterization of the soil in an area under the resulting slurry spill landfill, located in the municipality of Seberi-RS. Soil samples were collected from berehole manual, in 11(eleven) different points, two white dots. The results of laboratory analyzes show that the concentrations of potassium, have an average of 358,55 ± 147,87 mg kg-1, the concentrations of calcium showed an average of 1276,84 ± 398,8 mg kg-1 the percentage of clay had an average of 47,55 ± 10,11 %, pH values in H2O had an average area of 5,2 ± 0,29, the area showed a mean of 3,43 ± 1.63% Aluminum concentrations showed a mean of 6,54 ± 4,20 mg kg-1. Some parameters when compared with white spots were considered a minor change, but it can be assumed that the exposed area is less vulnerable to contamination.

Tratamento de resíduos orgânicos provenientes de restaurante universitário: decomposição biológica monitorada

Nowadays, increasingly becomes evident the need to take a final destination environmentally sound waste organic solids, since these are most of the waste produced by man, and being discharged into the environment incorrectly, can generate numerous problems such as contamination of soil and water, nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of composting organic waste treatment resulting from restaurant meals Federal University of Santa Maria campus in Frederico Westphalen, analyze the macro and micro nutrients present in the compound, the presence or absence of undesirable parameters, and identifying the different stages of composting according to the temperature variation measured in the process. At the end of the experiment, it can be seen that the composting technique was effective, yielding a compound that may be useful in the production of food.

POTENCIAL DE CONTAMINAÇÃO DO SOLO EM CEMITÉRIO NA CIDADE DE SEBERI – RS

The lack of environmental protection measures in the burial of bodies in appropriate areas caused many cemeteries were installed in unsuitable areas resulting in the contamination of soil and water resources. The most toxic inorganic pollutants which are found in soil under the designation “heavy metals.” In this context, this study aims to determine changes in soil chemical properties occupied by the cemetery in the town of Seberi - RS. For the study were conducted tradagens soil depths 0 - 300 cm. For the determination of metals was used Spectrometry X-Ray Fluorescence - EDXRF. The values of Al ranged from 78,672 to 185,479 mg kg -1 , the concentrations of Ca and Fe varied from 256 to 38368 mg kg -1 and 54,815 to 205,796 mg kg-1, respectively. It was observed that the values of the elements Al and Ca showed the highest values in the lower quotas topographic depths up to 150 cm, unlike Fe element that showed the highest value at the point P5. Thus it can be concluded that the area presents changes due to the presence of the cemetery.