Aline Cardoso Siqueira

O impacto da institucionalização na infância e na adolescência: uma revisão de literatura

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta uma revisao de literatura sobre as instituicoes de abrigo, discutindo sua influencia no desenvolvimento de criancas e adolescentes. A partir da Teoria Ecologica do Desenvolvimento Humano e do Estatuto da Crianca e do Adolescente, foram considerados estudos sobre abrigamento, realizados ao longo das ultimas decadas. Muitos estudos discutem a vivencia institucional, sendo que alguns apontam prejuizos ao desenvolvimento, enquanto outros indicam que a instituicao pode ser uma alternativa positiva, quando o ambiente familiar e desorganizado e caotico. Embora sejam observadas melhoras na qualidade da assistencia oferecidas pelos abrigos, especialmente apos o ECA, discute-se a necessidade de acoes direcionadas as equipes das instituicoes, a fim de oportunizar melhores condicoes de trabalho e diminuicao da rotatividade. Alem disso, e necessario entender a instituicao como parte da rede de apoio social e afetivo, que tambem pode oferecer um espaco para o desenvolvimento saudavel de criancas e adolescentes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: institucionalizacao; criancas; adolescentes; desenvolvimento.

Processo de reinserção familiar: estudo de casos de adolescentes que viveram em instituição de abrigo

O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender longitudinalmente o processo de reinsercao familiar de tres adolescentes que moravam em abrigos. Visitas domiciliares e Entrevistas de Reinsercao foram utilizadas com os participantes e um membro da familia, durante um periodo que variou de seis a 18 meses. Os resultados indicaram que as familias se encontravam em situacao de vulnerabilidade; nao houve uma preparacao dos jovens e familiares para o retorno; e nao foi disponibilizado apoio apos o desligamento da instituicao. Dois dos adolescentes demonstraram satisfacao com a reinsercao apos alguns meses de desligamento, embora a situacao de pobreza e baixo desempenho escolar fossem percebidos como problemas pelos participantes. No terceiro caso, problemas na conducao da reinsercao fizeram com que a adolescente fosse reabrigada. Discute-se a necessidade de politicas publicas e de programas desenvolvidos por profissionais capacitados, em parceria com os abrigos, que visem a promocao da convivencia familiar.

Os direitos da criança e do adolescente na percepção de adolescentes dos contextos urbano e rural

Nowadays children and adolescents are legally considered subjects who hold rights and who are in a peculiar development. Considering the bioecological theory as a theoretical reference, this study aims at understanding the perception of adolescents from urban and rural contexts about children and adolescents rights. The subjects of the study were 47 adolescents of both genders, between 12 and 15 years old, from which 20 were elementary school students in the urban and 27 in the rural areas of an inner-city of RS. The questionnaire on the knowledge of rights was applied and analyzed quantitatively based on descriptive statistics and qualitatively, using content analysis. Adolescents from both contexts showed knowledge about some basic rights of children and adolescents, as the right of not working, of not being apart from their families and of having their opinions taken into account. Among the participants perceptions we noticed conceptions socially shared over the centuries, such as the approval of physical punishment and poverty as a reason for being separated from their families. Thus, more discussions are necessary to announce the current laws, besides problematizing the rooted cultural conceptions.Nowadays children and adolescents are legally considered subjects who hold rights and who are in a peculiar development. Considering the bioecological theory as a theoretical reference, this study aims at understanding the perception of adolescents from urban and rural contexts about children and adolescents rights. The subjects of the study were 47 adolescents of both genders, between 12 and 15 years old, from which 20 were elementary school students in the urban and 27 in the rural areas of an inner-city of RS. The questionnaire on the knowledge of rights was applied and analyzed quantitatively based on descriptive statistics and qualitatively, using content analysis. Adolescents from both contexts showed knowledge about some basic rights of children and adolescents, as the right of not working, of not being apart from their families and of having their opinions taken into account. Among the participants perceptions we noticed conceptions socially shared over the centuries, such as the approval of physical punishment and poverty as a reason for being separated from their families. Thus, more discussions are necessary to announce the current laws, besides problematizing the rooted cultural conceptions.

Notificação da Violência: Percepções de Operadores do Direito e Conselheiros Tutelares

Este estudo objetivou conhecer os procedimentos e percepcoes de profissionais que atuam nos orgaos do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos (SGD) quanto a notificacao da violencia envolvendo criancas e adolescentes. Integraram o estudo tres conselheiros tutelares, um delegado de policia e um promotor de justica. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, os resultados foram analisados atraves da analise de conteudo e indicaram que a notificacao da violencia envolve diversos procedimentos, dentre eles, a aplicacao de medidas protetivas e a investigacao policial. Os resultados tambem apontaram um aumento de casos sendo notificados pela ferramenta do disque 100 advindos da comunidade e atendidos pelos orgaos de defesa dos direitos. Por outro lado, ainda e pequeno o indice de notificacoes feitas pelos profissionais de saude e educacao. Torna-se importante promover maior conscientizacao tanto da sociedade em geral como de profissionais acerca da notificacao da violencia para que os orgaos competentes possam investigar as notificacoes e tomar as providencias necessarias para que os direitos das criancas e dos adolescentes sejam garantidos.

Entregar o filho para adoção é abandoná-lo? Concepções de profissionais da saúde

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the perception of health care professionals in regards to the abandonment of children and giving up of children for adoption, as well as the reasons that lead a mother to take these actions. Seven health care professionals participated in the study, including nursing technicians, nurses, and physicians. The working experience of these professionals ranged from 5 to 23 years. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview, approaching the opinion of the participants about abandonment and giving up infants, as well as motivations regarding taking these actions. The responses were qualitatively analyzed, enabling the emergence of three categories: 1) Different pathways: understanding the giving up of children as abandonment of care; 2) Possible explanations concerning the decision to give a child up for adoption; and 3) Before abandonment: factors involved in the act. The influence of social conceptions and personal beliefs about motherhood and the giving up or abandonment of children is discussed.

Children and adolescents' rights from the perspective of adolescents from urban and rural contexts

Nowadays children and adolescents are legally considered subjects who hold rights and who are in a peculiar development. Considering the bioecological theory as a theoretical reference, this study aims at understanding the perception of adolescents from urban and rural contexts about children and adolescents rights. The subjects of the study were 47 adolescents of both genders, between 12 and 15 years old, from which 20 were elementary school students in the urban and 27 in the rural areas of an inner-city of RS. The questionnaire on the knowledge of rights was applied and analyzed quantitatively based on descriptive statistics and qualitatively, using content analysis. Adolescents from both contexts showed knowledge about some basic rights of children and adolescents, as the right of not working, of not being apart from their families and of having their opinions taken into account. Among the participants perceptions we noticed conceptions socially shared over the centuries, such as the approval of physical punishment and poverty as a reason for being separated from their families. Thus, more discussions are necessary to announce the current laws, besides problematizing the rooted cultural conceptions.Nowadays children and adolescents are legally considered subjects who hold rights and who are in a peculiar development. Considering the bioecological theory as a theoretical reference, this study aims at understanding the perception of adolescents from urban and rural contexts about children and adolescents rights. The subjects of the study were 47 adolescents of both genders, between 12 and 15 years old, from which 20 were elementary school students in the urban and 27 in the rural areas of an inner-city of RS. The questionnaire on the knowledge of rights was applied and analyzed quantitatively based on descriptive statistics and qualitatively, using content analysis. Adolescents from both contexts showed knowledge about some basic rights of children and adolescents, as the right of not working, of not being apart from their families and of having their opinions taken into account. Among the participants perceptions we noticed conceptions socially shared over the centuries, such as the approval of physical punishment and poverty as a reason for being separated from their families. Thus, more discussions are necessary to announce the current laws, besides problematizing the rooted cultural conceptions.

Los derechos del niño y del adolescente en la percepción de adolescentes de los contextos urbano y rural

Nowadays children and adolescents are legally considered subjects who hold rights and who are in a peculiar development. Considering the bioecological theory as a theoretical reference, this study aims at understanding the perception of adolescents from urban and rural contexts about children and adolescents rights. The subjects of the study were 47 adolescents of both genders, between 12 and 15 years old, from which 20 were elementary school students in the urban and 27 in the rural areas of an inner-city of RS. The questionnaire on the knowledge of rights was applied and analyzed quantitatively based on descriptive statistics and qualitatively, using content analysis. Adolescents from both contexts showed knowledge about some basic rights of children and adolescents, as the right of not working, of not being apart from their families and of having their opinions taken into account. Among the participants perceptions we noticed conceptions socially shared over the centuries, such as the approval of physical punishment and poverty as a reason for being separated from their families. Thus, more discussions are necessary to announce the current laws, besides problematizing the rooted cultural conceptions.Nowadays children and adolescents are legally considered subjects who hold rights and who are in a peculiar development. Considering the bioecological theory as a theoretical reference, this study aims at understanding the perception of adolescents from urban and rural contexts about children and adolescents rights. The subjects of the study were 47 adolescents of both genders, between 12 and 15 years old, from which 20 were elementary school students in the urban and 27 in the rural areas of an inner-city of RS. The questionnaire on the knowledge of rights was applied and analyzed quantitatively based on descriptive statistics and qualitatively, using content analysis. Adolescents from both contexts showed knowledge about some basic rights of children and adolescents, as the right of not working, of not being apart from their families and of having their opinions taken into account. Among the participants perceptions we noticed conceptions socially shared over the centuries, such as the approval of physical punishment and poverty as a reason for being separated from their families. Thus, more discussions are necessary to announce the current laws, besides problematizing the rooted cultural conceptions.