Débora Dalbosco Dell’Aglio

O impacto de um projeto de educação pelo esporte no desenvolvimento infantil

Este articulo trata de un estudio con pre-test (T1) y pos-test (T2) y evaluo el impacto de un proyecto deportivo en el desarrollo infantil. Participaron 39 estudiantes de 6 a 11 anos, inscriptos del 1o al 4o grado de la ensenanza primaria de escuela publica. Ellos fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: G1 (24 integrantes del proyecto deportivo) y G2 (15 ninos del grupo comparativo) y los profesores de los estudiantes tambien participaron. El impacto fue evaluado por las diferencias en el desempeno escolar, stress, calidad de vida y evaluacion de actitudes academicas y sociales del alumno por el profesor. Del T1 para el T2 hubo un aumento significativo en el desempeno escolar en el G1 y el G2. el stress disminuyo para todos los ninos de T1 para T2, pese a ser significativo apenas para el G1. La percepcion de la calidad de vida disminuyo entre T1 e T2 para el G1 y el G2, siendo significativo apenas para el G2. No hubo diferencia significativa en la evaluacion de los alumnos del G1 y del G2 en el T1 y el T2 por los profesores.This article presents a study based on a pretest (T1) and post test (T2) that aims to evaluate the impact of an educational/sporting project in childrens psychological development. Thirty nine pupils with 6 to 11 years old, from first to fourth grades of a public school have participated in the study. They were separated in 2 groups: G1 (24 project participants); and G2 (n=15, comparison group). The teachers have also participated. The impact was evaluated considering the differences in school performance, stress, and life style scores. The teachers graded academic and social attitudes. G1 and G2 had a statistically significant increase in school performance from T1 to T2. The average stress was lower in T2 compared to T1 for all groups, although this decrease was only statistically significant for G1. Life style perception decreased between T1 and T2 for G1 and G2, but only significantly for G2. There was no difference in the way teachers evaluated either G1 and G2 or T1 or T2.

Variáveis pessoais e contextuais associadas a comportamentos de risco em adolescentes

Objetivo Este estudo investigou o engajamento de adolescentes brasileiros em comportamentos de risco (uso de substâncias, comportamento sexual de risco, comportamento antissocial e comportamento suicida), buscando identificar os fatores de risco e protecao pessoais e contextuais mais associados com esses comportamentos. Metodos Participaram 1.332 adolescentes de 12 a 19 anos (M = 15,68; DP = 1,60), de ambos os sexos. Resultados O engajamento em comportamentos de risco variou em funcao da idade e do sexo, e o uso de substâncias foi o tipo de comportamento de risco mais prevalente entre os que foram investigados. Os fatores significativamente associados a adocao desses comportamentos foram violencia intra- e extrafamiliar, ter amigos proximos ou familiares que usam drogas, eventos estressores e elevado nivel de autoeficacia; enquanto os fatores que se mostraram protetores foram elevado nivel de autoestima, expectativas positivas quanto ao futuro e percepcao de positividade nas relacoes com familia, escola, religiao e comunidade. Conclusao O estudo permitiu identificar algumas caracteristicas da manifestacao de comportamentos de risco na adolescencia, com destaque para a prevalencia mais alta do uso de substâncias e a coocorrencia de diferentes tipos de comportamentos de risco. Dentre os fatores de risco mais associados com o engajamento em comportamentos de risco, destacaram-se a presenca de eventos estressores ao longo da vida e a proximidade com amigos que usam drogas. A partir disso, sugere-se investir na minimizacao de fatores de risco e na potencializacao de fatores protetivos para a promocao do desenvolvimento saudavel durante a adolescencia.

Health-related quality of life and social support in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

This study investigated the correlations between health-related quality of life and social support in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Participants were 102 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old, who were patients of a healthcare program in the city of Porto Alegre, south of Brazil. Two questionnaires, the KIDSCREEN-52 and the Brazilian version of Social Support Appraisals, were used to evaluate health-related quality of life and social support. Results showed good quality of life and social support levels. Strong correlations were verified between social support and three of the KIDSCREEN-52 dimensions: psychological well-being (r = .63; p < .01); peers and social support (r = .67; p < .01) and school environment (r = .64; p < .01). Analysis of linear regression showed that gender, age and social support are variables associated with health-related quality of life, explaining 52.6% of variance. Results revealed the impact of the disease to young people, and can help to find strategies to improve care in these cases.

A metodologia da abordagem social de rua na perspectiva de usuários adolescentes

O estudo investigou a percepcao de adolescentes em situacao de rua acerca da intervencao de um servico de abordagem social na cidade de Porto Alegre. Utilizou-se metodologia de Grupo Focal, participando sete adolescentes (13-18 anos). Os dados qualitativos foram sistematizados em tres eixos de analise: 1) intervencoes com foco nos adolescentes; 2) intervencoes com foco nas familias; 3) o servico de abordagem de rua enquanto parte de um sistema de cuidado. O servico foi percebido como microssistema relevante e os processos proximais se estabeleceram a partir do oferecimento de apoio social em todas as suas modalidades. O apoio emocional informal destacou-se pelo vinculo e proximidade dos usuarios com os trabalhadores. Implicacoes para intervencoes em politicas sociais sao discutidas.

Methodological Aspects of Research on Violence Against Adolescents in Brazilian Public Schools

Violence is considered a public health problem. It can occur in the family environment, perpetrated for family or household members, or in the community, perpetrated by unrelated persons. Several studies indicate that adolescents are the group most exposed to violence in different contexts. This chapter will discuss two studies: “Violence and Prejudice in School,” conducted by the partnership among several institutions, and “Exposure to violence in adolescence: Relations with well-being and mental health.” Both studies were conducted in public schools, involving more than 400 adolescents. The chapter will discuss some topics about researches with adolescents in schools, like strategies of approach with school communities; strategies of data collection, as questionnaires and focal groups; and challenges and limitations in researches with adolescents. The comprehension of the perception of adolescents about violence and the associated factors can increase the knowledge about this phenomenon and promote the development of public policies for this population.

Studying Human Development in Situations of Vulnerability in Brazil

This introduction presents the theoretical perspectives that underlie the studies and the chapters included in the book. The authors emphasize the innovative knowledge in social development based on research carried out in Brazil by the CEP-Rua and NEPA research teams, highlighting methodological aspects. This work considers different cultural contexts, histories, and processes that are essential for the understanding and implementation of research knowledge. It is hoped that the discussions presented in this book can bring answers to theoretical, methodological, and innovative questions for outreach, which consider the reality of vulnerability in Brazilian populations.

Protective Factors for the Development of Adolescents with DM1: An Interface Between Positive Psychology and Health Psychology

This chapter aims to present the results of health research focusing on protective factors as well as to reveal the contributions of these studies for practice. Results of four cross-sectional studies using mixed methods conducted by the Center for Studies and Research in Adolescence are presented. Participants were 227 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old, receiving treatment in a health center specialized in diabetes. The quantitative instruments KIDSCREEN-52, CEAT-VIH, diabetes self-care activities questionnaire, and Social Support Appraisals revealed measures of life quality, adherence to treatment, and social support. Case studies were also conduced to examine resilience processes, using semi-structured interviews, the Five Field Map, and hospital records. Results showed that most adolescents present satisfactory levels of all variables measured, as well as processes of resilience. The chapter discusses aspects explaining good results despite the chronic condition and emphasizes the importance of investigating protective factors to promote healthy development of vulnerable children and adolescents.

Theoretical-Methodological Aspects of Research on Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships

The aim of this chapter is to discuss theoretical-methodological aspects involving the violence in dating relationships in the Brazilian adolescents. Therefore, we discuss the use of standardized instruments, as the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory and the Conflict Tactics Scale, in the investigation of the dating teen violence, as well as conceptions about dating and violence on dating relationship. The definition of dating violence adopted in research brings implications for the decision-making of the instruments and on the rates of prevalence. This chapter presents data of a research with 415 adolescents, aged 14–19 years old, from public and private high school – southern Brazil. The girls presented higher average perpetration of verbal/emotional violence, whereas boys are more perpetrators of sexual violence. The bi-directional index of violence was 94.7% in the cases investigated. Considering that the bi-directionality of violence is a specific characteristic of the affective-sexual relations between young people, the instruments must be sensitive to evaluate both the violence suffered and perpetrated. Finally, some methodological limitations of studies in this area are discussed, such as the participation of only one of the dyad members. In addition, gender and sexual orientation biases should be considered in future studies.

Social Images of Children in Care, Their Families, and Residential Care Institutions

Studies with children and adolescents in residential care emphasize the environment and social relations as complex systems and show that there are negative labeling and stigma about this population. This chapter describes the investigative process and the results of an exploratory research that aimed to identify the social images assigned to children in care, their families, and residential care institutions. An open questionnaire was used, and the participants were asked to write up to five characteristics that they associated with children, families, and residential care institutions. The survey of words was subjected to a content analysis, and categories were generated from the collected data. Participants were 202 people, selected by convenience, aged from 16 to 69 years (M = 32.76,SD = 11.67); 55% had contact with children in institutional care, and 42.1% worked with children/adolescents in situations of vulnerability. Results indicated that social images of children and their families are predominantly negative, while the social images of residential care institutions are predominantly positive. Even with the improvement of the laws, these results reveal that macrosystem aspects interfere in the development process in the institutional care context, influencing the children and youth protection policy and making it difficult to guarantee the right to live in a family and community environment in Brazil.

Prevalencia de exposición a violencia directa e indirecta: un estudio con adolescentes de colegios públicos

A adolescencia e considerada uma etapa do ciclo vital na qual ha maior vulnerabilidade para exposicao a violencia tanto Adolescence is considered as a stage of the vital cycle, in which there is greater vulnerability to be exposed to both direct (being a victim) and indirect violence (being a witness or hearing about violent acts). This study investigated the exposure to direct and indirect violence (dependent variables), in relation to associated independent variables (gender, age range, school failure and family configuration), in 426 adolescents of 12 to 18 years old, from public schools in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the instrument “Screening of the exposure of children to violence in the community” were used. Descriptive and inferential analyses (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests) indicated that 65% of the participants were exposed to at least one episode of direct violence, while 97% of them were exposed to indirect violence; and that both exposures were more frequent in adolescents from 16 to 18 years old (p<0.001) who had a history of school failure (p<0.02). Emphasis is given to the need for further studies that investigate factors associated to indirect violence and the impact of this type of exposure in development, in addition to prevention and intervention public policies in the area of violence toward children and adolescents.