Alton A. Lindsey

Edaphic Controls of Tree Species in Presettlement Indiana

A quantitative analysis of the soil relations of the tree species of Indiana was made using the General Land Office original survey records and the Indiana soil survey reports. The bearing trees recorded on the GLO records were located on modern county soil maps to identify the soil upon which each bearing tree was situated. Eleven soil characteristics of probable influence on trees were studied: thickness of the A and B horizons and solum, amount of nitrogen, pH, textural proportions, depth of leaching, available water capacity, and water intake rate. These factors were determined for the sites of 70,240 bearing trees. The random pairs and closest individual methods were applied to determine species and stand attributes. A separate multiple regression was run by computer for three dependent variables (importance value, basal area per acre, and mean basal area) for each of 45 tree species using the 11 soil characteristics as independent variables. The results of the regressions were interpreted by using a Deletion—probability Index, the average of the step at which a variable was deleted in the regression and the probability level at deletion. The indices were plotted on circular graphs which showed the relative influence of each soil factor on each species. For tree species in general, the most influential soil attributes proved to be depth of the soil horizons, percentage of nitrogen, and percentage of clay, in that order.

Relationship Among the Forest Types of Indiana

The 36 least disturbed hardwood stands in Indiana were selected for analysis of the characteristics and interrelationships of the five forest types. The types were defined by the species importance sums for the four species—groups: oak—hickory, beech—maple, other upland mesophytic species, and lowland—depressional species. From the matrix of stand similarities derived by applying Motykas coefficient to species importance values, relationships among the five forest types were indicated by cluster and ordination analyses. Both methods grouped stands of three types as extremes (oak—hickory, beech—maple, and lowland—depressional) and two mixed types as intermediates (western mesophytic and mixed woods). Within each extreme type some variant stands represented gradations toward another type. Edaphic controls of the forest types in Indiana are indicated by the patterns of the ordination distribution of substrate factors: drainage profiles, available moisture, permeability, texture of the A horizon, source of the parent material, pH of the B horizon, and degree of development of the soil.

Vegetation of the Ancient Beaches Above Great Bear and Great Slave Lakes

The most striking geological feature of many islands and shores of Great Bear and Great Slave Lakes, Mackenzie District, Canada, is the system of abandoned beach lines. These originated during the recession of inland seas of post-Pleistocene time to the present positions of the two major lakes of northern Canada. Geologists have not reached agreement regarding the relative importance of postglacial uplift of the lake basin, drainage due to cutting down of the Great Bear and Mackenzie Rivers, or, in the case of the higher beaches, the possible influence of localized ice-dammed lakes. Cameron (1922a, 1922b) presented a geological account of postglacial history of the Great Slave Lake region. Some of the ancient beaches of this lake were characterized floristically by Raup (1946). In a report of an archaeological reconnaissance, MacNeish (1951) used the presence or absence of artifacts on beaches of various levels in determining the chronological sequence of the respective cultures. He includes a table correlating sites, beaches, and artifacts. It was the writers privilege in the summer of 1951 to serve as the botanist of the Canadian Arctic Permafrost Expedition sent to the Mackenzie Basin by

An Optical Effect in Chlorella Bloom in Nature

In the spring of 1944, when beginning an ecological study of New Mexicos volcanic areas, the writer found an optical phenomenon which enables Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck to thrive in dimly illuminated lava cavern pools. Its unusual nature appeared to justify detailed investigation. Until September, 1948, the sites of its occurrence were visited many times, in all seasons, and the water bloom studied under various conditions.

How To Report It

www.lowergrandriver.org What is Storm Water Runoff? When it rains, storm water flows over lawns, streets, and parking lots. Storm water runoff can carry dirt, fertilizers, and motor oil into storm drains, which are often located alongside streets and parking lots. Where do Storm Drains Lead? Storm drains lead directly to nearby rivers, streams, and lakes without any type of treatment. How Can I Help? • Report anyone dumping anything down a storm drain. • Take used motor oil to a quick lube or auto shop. • Dispose of pet waste in a trash can. • Avoid fertilizing your lawn before it rains. • Wash your car on your lawn or take it to a commercial car wash.