Ana Carolina Soares Amaral

Equivalência semântica e avaliação da consistência interna da versão em português do Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3)

This study aimed to describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) into Brazilian Portuguese. The methodology involved the following stages: (1) translation of the questionnaire into Portuguese; (2) back-translation into English; (3) meeting with experts to prepare a draft version; (4) assessment of verbal understanding of the draft by experts and by a sample of the target population; and (5) analysis of the tools internal consistency, using Cronbachs alpha. The questionnaire was translated into Portuguese, and the scales final version included 30 items, as in the original. Both the experts and target population members assessed all the items as easy to understand. Internal consistency was satisfactory, reaching 0.91 for the scale as a whole. The questionnaire has now been translated and adapted into Portuguese, with evidence of clear understanding and internal consistency. However, it is still necessary to assess its measurement equivalence, external validity, and reproducibility.

Insatisfação corporal de adolescentes atletas e não atletas

The objective of this study was to compare body dissatisfaction among adolescents athletes and non-athletes. We evaluated 58 athletes and 61 non-athletes sex male, mean age 15 ± 2,12 and 16 ± 1,67 years, respectively. We applied the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) to measure the dissatisfaction body. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of body mass (kg) divided by height (m) squared (BMI = body mass/height²). We used the SPSS 17.0 software for data analysis through descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson chi-square and ANCOVA. The results showed differences in BSQ scores and prevalence of body dissatisfaction among groups of athletes and non-athletes (p < 0.05). It was concluded that adolescent non-athletes are more dissatisfied with weight and body appearance, and have a higher prevalence of this phenomenon compared to athletes in soccer and swimming males.

Efeitos de variáveis psicológicas, morfológicas e sociodemográficas sobre o comportamento alimentar de adolescentes

OBJETIVO: Averiguar la asociacion de la insatisfaccion corporal (IC), del grado de comprometimiento psicologico al ejercicio (GCPE), del nivel habitual de actividad fisica (NAF), del indice de masa corporal (IMC), del porcentaje de grasa y de la etnia con el comportamiento alimentar inadecuado (CAI) de adolescentes. METODOS: Investigacion transversal, en la que participaron 362 jovenes de ambos sexos, con edades entre 10 y 19 anos, seleccionados por muestra estratificada. Se utilizo el Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para evaluar los CAI. Ademas, se utilizo el Body Shape Questionnaire, la Commitment Exercise Scale y el International Physical Activity Questionnaire para evaluar IC, GCPE y NAF, respectivamente. Se condujo analisis multivariado y regresion multiple para analizar los datos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados evidenciaron que la IC, el GCPE, el IMC y el porcentaje de grasa se asociaron significativamente (p<0,05) con los escores de las subescalas del EAT-26, tanto en el sexo femenino como en el masculino. Los valores indicativos de estas asociaciones fueron distintos entre los sexos. CONCLUSIONES: El IC y el IMC parecen ser los factores mas fuertemente asociados a los distintos constructos del comportamiento alimentar de ambos sexos.OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of body dissatisfaction (BD), degree of psychological commitment to exercise (DPCE), usual level of physical activity (LPA), body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (%F) and ethnicity with inappropriate eating behavior (IEB) in adolescents. METHODS Cross sectional study with 362 adolescents aged between ten and 19 years old, of both genders, selected by stratified sampling. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to assess the IEB. In addition, Body Shape Questionnaire, Commitment Exercise Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied in order to assess BD, DPCE and LPA, respectively. Statistical treatment included multivariate analysis and multiple regression. RESULTS BD, DPCE, BMI and %F were significantly associated with EAT-26 subscales scores for both genders. The statistical values were different between genders. CONCLUSIONS body dissatisfaction and BMI seemed to be strongly associated with the different constructs of eating behavior in both sexes.

Scale development: ten main limitations and recommendations to improve future research practices

The scale development process is critical to building knowledge in human and social sciences. The present paper aimed (a) to provide a systematic review of the published literature regarding current practices of the scale development process, (b) to assess the main limitations reported by the authors in these processes, and (c) to provide a set of recommendations for best practices in future scale development research. Papers were selected in September 2015, with the search terms “scale development” and “limitations” from three databases: Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, with no time restriction. We evaluated 105 studies published between 1976 and 2015. The analysis considered the three basic steps in scale development: item generation, theoretical analysis, and psychometric analysis. The study identified ten main types of limitation in these practices reported in the literature: sample characteristic limitations, methodological limitations, psychometric limitations, qualitative research limitations, missing data, social desirability bias, item limitations, brevity of the scale, difficulty controlling all variables, and lack of manual instructions. Considering these results, various studies analyzed in this review clearly identified methodological weaknesses in the scale development process (e.g., smaller sample sizes in psychometric analysis), but only a few researchers recognized and recorded these limitations. We hope that a systematic knowledge of the difficulties usually reported in scale development will help future researchers to recognize their own limitations and especially to make the most appropriate choices among different conceptions and methodological strategies.

Equivalência Semântica da versão em português do "Body Change Inventory"

With the increase in research on the components of Body Image, validated instruments are needed to evaluate its dimensions. The Body Change Inventory (BCI) assesses strategies used to alter body size among adolescents. The scope of this study was to describe the translation and evaluation for semantic equivalence of the BCI in the Portuguese language. The process involved the steps of (1) translation of the questionnaire to the Portuguese language; (2) back-translation to English; (3) evaluation of semantic equivalence; and (4) assessment of comprehension by professional experts and the target population. The six subscales of the instrument were translated into the Portuguese language. Language adaptations were made to render the instrument suitable for the Brazilian reality. The questions were interpreted as easily understandable by both experts and young people. The Body Change Inventory has been translated and adapted into Portuguese. Evaluation of the operational, measurement and functional equivalence are still needed.

Psychometric evaluation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 among Brazilian young adults.

The objective was evaluating the psychometric properties of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) among Brazilian young adults of both genders. The sample was composed by 506 undergraduate students (295 females and 211 males), aged between 17 and 29 years old. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used for construct validity (N = 506). Correlations between the SATAQ-3 scores and those of the Tripartite Influence Scale (TIS) and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were used for convergent validity. Reliability was assessed through internal consistency (α) and reproducibility (test-retest) through comparison of the means obtained at two different time points and through intra-class correlation. The scale presented a factor structure composed of five factors, replicated in the confirmatory factor analysis with satisfactory values for the measurements of adjustment to the model. Correlations with the BSQ and TIS scores were rho = .52 and rho = -.35, respectively. Cronbachs alpha coefficients were satisfactory, and their stability was demonstrated. Brazilian SATAQ-3 had good validity and reproducibility, being indicated for use in samples of Brazilian youths.

Avaliação psicométrica da Escala de Influência dos Três Fatores (EITF)

The objective of the present study was the psychometric evaluation of the Tripartite Influence Scale (TIS) among Brazilian youths of both sexes. The sample consisted of 475 undergraduate students aged between 18 and 29 years old (M = 20.8, SD = 2.0). We evaluated the construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), convergent validity (correlation between the scores of the TIS and measures of body satisfaction), reliability (Cronbachs alpha) and reproducibility (test-retest). The instrument presented factorial structure composed of three factors replicating the original scale factors, significant negative correlation for measures of body satisfaction (> -.21, p <.001), and showed no difference between the scores on test-retest reproducibility. It was confirmed TISs psychometric properties, and its use is indicated for young Brazilian people.

Effects of psychological, morphological and sociodemographic variables on adolescents' eating behavior

OBJETIVO: Averiguar la asociacion de la insatisfaccion corporal (IC), del grado de comprometimiento psicologico al ejercicio (GCPE), del nivel habitual de actividad fisica (NAF), del indice de masa corporal (IMC), del porcentaje de grasa y de la etnia con el comportamiento alimentar inadecuado (CAI) de adolescentes. METODOS: Investigacion transversal, en la que participaron 362 jovenes de ambos sexos, con edades entre 10 y 19 anos, seleccionados por muestra estratificada. Se utilizo el Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para evaluar los CAI. Ademas, se utilizo el Body Shape Questionnaire, la Commitment Exercise Scale y el International Physical Activity Questionnaire para evaluar IC, GCPE y NAF, respectivamente. Se condujo analisis multivariado y regresion multiple para analizar los datos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados evidenciaron que la IC, el GCPE, el IMC y el porcentaje de grasa se asociaron significativamente (p<0,05) con los escores de las subescalas del EAT-26, tanto en el sexo femenino como en el masculino. Los valores indicativos de estas asociaciones fueron distintos entre los sexos. CONCLUSIONES: El IC y el IMC parecen ser los factores mas fuertemente asociados a los distintos constructos del comportamiento alimentar de ambos sexos.OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of body dissatisfaction (BD), degree of psychological commitment to exercise (DPCE), usual level of physical activity (LPA), body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (%F) and ethnicity with inappropriate eating behavior (IEB) in adolescents. METHODS Cross sectional study with 362 adolescents aged between ten and 19 years old, of both genders, selected by stratified sampling. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to assess the IEB. In addition, Body Shape Questionnaire, Commitment Exercise Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied in order to assess BD, DPCE and LPA, respectively. Statistical treatment included multivariate analysis and multiple regression. RESULTS BD, DPCE, BMI and %F were significantly associated with EAT-26 subscales scores for both genders. The statistical values were different between genders. CONCLUSIONS body dissatisfaction and BMI seemed to be strongly associated with the different constructs of eating behavior in both sexes.

Efeitos de diversos fatores sobre o comportamento alimentar de adolescentes

O objetivo deste artigo e analisar a funcao pulmonar em trabalhadores de industrias de cerâmica no municipio de Varzea Grande, Mato Grosso. Estudo transversal realizado com 183 trabalhadores de industrias de cerâmica desse municipio. Para identificacao dos fatores sociodemograficos, fatores ambientais e do tabagismo foi utilizado um questionario estruturado e para avaliacao da funcao pulmonar foi realizada a espirometria. Foram realizadas analises descritiva, bivariada e regressao multipla de Poisson. Os trabalhadores em sua maioria sao do sexo masculino (94%) predominando individuos com idade ate 39 anos (74,9%). A prevalencia de sintomaticos respiratorios foi de 44,9%, sendo 14,8% portadores de sintomas considerados como graves e 30,1% sintomas nao graves. Foram encontradas associacoes de funcao pulmonar alterada com as variaveis tempo de exposicao e substância inalada. Os trabalhadores com 4 ou mais anos de exposicao apresentaram 1,99 vezes mais funcao pulmonar alterada que os individuos com tempo de exposicao de ate 3 anos ; os individuos que inalaram poeira e desmoldante apresentaram 2,97 vezes mais alteracao da funcao pulmonar. Esta, nos trabalhadores avaliados, esta relacionada ao maior tempo de exposicao e a inalacao de poeira e desmoldante.Researchers suggest that inadequate eating behavior (IEB) in young people can be influenced by several factors. However, the results have been controversial. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of body dissatisfaction (BD), the degree of psychological commitment to exercise (DPCE), the usual level of physical activity (LPA), the body mass index (BMI), the fat percentage and ethnicity on CAI in adolescents. The participants included 362 young men and women between 10 and 19 years of age. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to assess IEB. In addition, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Commitment to Exercise Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to assess BD DPCE and LPA, respectively. Multivariate analysis and multiple regression was conducted to analyze the data. The results showed that BD, DPCE, BMI and body fat percentage significantly influenced (p<0.05) scores of the subscales of the EAT-26, both in females and males. However, the effects of variances were different between the sexes. The conclusion was that BD and BMI were the main factors that promoted significant effects in the different constructs of eating behavior assessed by the EAT-26 in both sexes.

Avaliação Psicométrica do Questionário de Atitudes Socioculturais em Relação à Aparência-3 (SATAQ-3) para Adolescentes

Objetivou-se avaliar as qualidades psicometricas do Questionario de Atitudes Socioculturais em Relacao a Aparencia-3 para adolescentes brasileiros. A amostra total foi composta por 600 adolescentes (254 meninos), os quais participaram em fases distintas da pesquisa: avaliacao da compreensao verbal da escala, avaliacao da validade de construto, validade e confiabilidade, e a terceira etapa referiu-se a avaliacao da reprodutibilidade (teste-reteste). Todos os itens apresentaram adequada compreensao verbal entre os adolescentes. O instrumento apresentou estrutura fatorial composta por sete fatores (α > 0,40), cujos indices de ajustamento foram aceitaveis, correlacao positiva e significativa com a satisfacao corporal (r = 0,41, p < 0,001) e estabilidade. As qualidades psicometricas do SATAQ-3 para adolescentes foram parcialmente confirmadas, sendo sua utilizacao indicada para essa populacao.